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2nd Proof, , Standard, , 8, , : 6 | Social Science, , The Glory of Bharatvarsha, Introduction, , 1., , The diversity of Indian culture creates a confluence of diversity. Explain, , A., , India is a huge nation like a subcontinent. Since ancient times, people of various tribes have come to, India as they were attracted towards our prosperity. Due to this, the diversity of Indian culture, creates a confluence of diversity., , 2., , Jawaharlal Nehru called the confluence of diversity in Indian culture as ‘Unity in diversity’., Ancient India : Agriculture, , 3., , In ancient times, which crops were cultivated in India ?, , A., , In ancient times, wheat, barley, paddy, Jowar, millet, sesame, peas, etc. were cultivated in India., , 4., , In Harappan civilisation, plough has not been found among the tools used in agriculture. ( or ), ( ), , 5., , In Harappan civilization, a plough shaped toy has been found., , 6., , Name the iron-tools that have been used in agriculture since ancient times., , A., , Iron-tools like axes, ploughs, and sickles have been used in agriculture since ancient times., , 7., , Without rich villages it was difficult for kings and their kingdoms to survive. ( or ), , 8., , In ancient times new tools and seedlings were important steps for the development of agriculture., ( or ), , ( ), , 9., , What was created for irrigation in ancient times?, , A., , In ancient times, canals, wells, lakes and artificial reservoirs were created for irrigation., , 10., A., , ( ), , Write a short-note on agriculture in ancient India.***, Farming began in ancient India. In those days various tools and irrigation facilities were developed, for farming. At that time wheat, barley, paddy, Jowar, millet, sesame, peas etc. were cultivated., In Harappan culture, plough has not been found among tools used in agriculture. But a plough, shaped toy has been found. So it can be said that they were using plough for farming., Use of iron-tools such as axes, plough, sickle, etc. in agriculture had been increasing. New tools and, seedlings were important steps for the development of agriculture. Irrigation also proved to be, very useful. At this time canals, wells, lakes and artificial reservoirs were created for irrigation., Ancient India : Rural life, , 11., , The head of the village was called Grambhojak in the North in ancient India ., I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , 35

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2nd Proof, , Chapter 8 : The Glory of Bharatvarsha, 12., , Grambhojak was elected by the villagers. ( or ), , 13., , How was the Grambhojak selected in ancient times ?, , A., , ( ), , The head of the village was called Grambhojak in North India. Usually people from the same family, remained on the post for generations. This post was hereditary. Grambhojak used to be the biggest, landowner in the village., , 14., , 15., A., , Whom did the king use to give responsibility for collecting revenue ?, , (D ), , (A) To the oldest person of the village, , (B) To the most educated person of the village, , (C) To the senapati, , (D) To Grambhojak, , In ancient India, what was the work of Grambhojak ?, In ancient India, the Grambhojak of the village had to collect revenue and had to look after the law, and order situation., , 16., A., , Which types of people lived in the villages in southern India in ancient times ?, There were three types of people living in the villages in southern India. They were - Big landlords,, small farmers and landless labourers(servants)., , 17., , Most of the cities were capitals of Mahajanapadas in ancient times., , 18., , In ancient times how were capital cities of Mahajanapadas protected ?, (A) By fortification, , 19., , A., 21., A., , (C) By soldiers, , (D) By ditches, , ____________________ have been found in many cities of ancient India., (A) Toilets, , 20., , (B) By fencing, , (A), , (B) Dustbins, , (C) Spherical wells, , (C), (D) Drains, , How were the spherical wells, found in many cities of ancient India, used?, The spherical wells were used for toilets, drains or dustbins., What did the food of people of ancient India mainly consist of ?, People in rural areas and urban areas used wheat, barley, rice, milk, curd, ghee, fruits, etc. and meat, and fish for eating purposes in ancient times., , 22., , 23., , In ancient India, men and women wore _____________ and ______________ ., (A) Kivi, Kapat, , (B) Nivi and Vaas, , (C) Kivi and Adhivaas, , (D) Adivaas and Vastra, , The cloth wrapped like a dupatta around the upper part of the body was known as__________.( A ), (A) Adhivaas, , 24., A., , (B), , (B) Vaas, , (C) Nivi, , (D) Dupptta, , Write a short – note on village and town life in ancient India.***,  The head of the village was called Grambhojak in North India. This post was hereditary., , Grambhojak used to be the biggest landowner in the village, who used to keep people on rent, to do farming. King also gave him responsibility for collecting revenue. He also looked after the, law and order situation., 36, , I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker.

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2nd Proof, , Standard, , : 6 | Social Science, ,  In the villages of Southern India there were people like big landlords, small farmers and landless, , labourers.,  Most of the cities were capitals of Mahajanapadas. These cities were protected by fortification., , Spherical wells were used for toilets, drains or dustbins.,  People in rural areas and urban areas used wheat, barley, rice milk, curd, ghee, fruits, etc. and, , meat and fish for eating purposes.,  Usually men and women wore two clothes. The cloth they wore on the lower part of the body, , was called ‘Nivi’ and the cloth worn on the upper part of the body was called ‘Vaas.’ Sometimes, they wrapped a cloth like dupatta around the upper part which was called ‘Adhivaas’., Ancient Indian Art, 25., A., 26., A., , Into how many parts was the art of ancient India divided ? Name them., Historians divide the art of ancient India into two parts - (1) Fine arts and (2) Performing arts., What does the fine art of ancient India include ?, Drawing, painting, literature, architecture, music, clay art, etc. were included in the fine arts of ancient, India., , 27., , Performing arts of ancient India included dance and drama., Literature in India, , 28., A., , How is ancient Indian literature divided ?, The ancient India literature is divided into 3 sections : religious, non-religious, description by foreign, travellers., (A) Religious literature, , 29., , The Vedas are included in the oldest literature of ancient India., , 30., , Give brief information about Vedic literature. ***, , A., , The Vedas are included in the oldest literature of India. There are four Vedas : Rigveda, Yajurveda,, Samveda and Atharvaveda. Brahmin texts and Aranyakas were created to explain the Vedas in which, Shatpath Brahmin, Gopath Brahmin and Brihadaranyaka may be considered the most important., , 31., , 32., , The epics Ramayana and Mahabharata are the triangular confluence of ancient Indian society, culture, and religion. ( or ), , ( ), , Mahabharata, written by Ved Vyas was initially known as ___________ ., , (C), , (A) Arjun Sanhita, 33., , (B) Ved Sanhita, , (C) Jay Sanhita, , Mahabharat has one lakh shlokas. ( or ), I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , (D) Krishna Sanhita, ( ), 37

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2nd Proof, , Chapter 8 : The Glory of Bharatvarsha, 34., A., 35., A., , Who am I ? - I wrote Ramayana., Valmiki, What does Ramayana describe?, Ramayana written by Valmiki describes the social life and moral standards along with Sri Rama’s, Story., , 36., , There are about 108 Upanishads., , 37., , Upnishads include the Mandukya, Matsya and Mundaka Upnishads. ( or )***, , ( ), , 38., , How many Puranas are there ?, , (B), , (A) 10, 39., A., , (B) 18, , (C) 28, , Name any four Puranas., Four Puranas are Vishnupurana, Garuda Purana, Vayupurana and Matsyapurana., , 40., , The original texts of Buddhism are called ‘Tripitaka’. ( or ), , 41., , Name the texts included in Tripitaka., , A., 42., A., 43., A., , (D) 108, , ( ), , Tripitaka includes ‘Sukttapitaka’, ‘Vinayapitika’ and ‘Abhidhampitika’., Name the two famous Buddhist text writers of the Tibetan language., Kangyur and Tengyur, Describe the great texts of Buddhism of ancient India., The original texts of Buddhism are called ‘Tripitaka’. It includes ‘Sukttapitaka’, ‘Vinayapitika’ and, ‘Abhidhampitika’. Along with these Didhhanikaya, Anguttarnikaya and Majjimnikaya are other, important texts. Milindpanhno of Nagsen and Shrimulkalpa of Aryamanijishi are important Buddhist, texts. Two of Buddhist text writers in Tibetan language are ‘Kangyur’ and ‘Tengyur’. Mythical stories, (Jatak kathas), Diddhanikayo, ‘Majjimnikaya are also Buddhist texts. In addition ‘Brihadkatha’,, Harivanshpurana, Vasudevhidi, Siddhemshabdanushasan, Dwyashrya and Kiritikaumudi are main, texts., , 44., , How many Jain Agam Granthas are there ?, (A) 10, , (B) 12, , (B), (C) 18, , (D) 108, , 45., , The ancient Jain literature is divided into 12 parvs and 14 texts. ( or ), , 46., , Literary texts whose content is other than religious are called non-religious literature., , 47., , What is included in non-religious literature ?, , A., , Non-religious literature mostly include poems, dramas, accolades, grammar texts and smritis., , 48., , Smritis are Hindu law texts. ( or ), , 49., , State the name of three smritis., , A., 50., 38, , ( ), , Manusmriti, Yagnavalkyasmriti and Naradsmriti., Kautilya‘s Arthashastra is also a law text., I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , ( )

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2nd Proof, , Standard, 51., A., 52., A., , : 6 | Social Science, , Name the great poets of ancient India., Mahakavi Bhas, Kalidas, Shudrak, Bharvi, etc., Name the famous epics and plays written in ancient India., ‘Abhigyan Shakuntalam’, ‘Raghuvansham’ , ‘Meghadootam’, ‘Kiratarjunam’, ‘Swapnavasavdattam’, ‘Mrichchhakattikam’, are famous epics and plays written in ancient India., , 53., , The special literature of South India is Sangam literature.***, , 54., , In South Indian ‘Sangam literature’ was composed in the first three centuries. ( or ), , ( ), , 55., , Where were the three Sangam meetings held?, , (D), , (A) Chennai, , (B) Rameshwaram, , (C) Pondicherry, , (D) Madurai, , 56., , In Sangam literature Shilppadikaram and Manimekhalai are very important., , 57., , Who am I? – I wrote the grammar in Sanskrit., , A., 58., , Panini, Write the name of Panini’s Sanskrit grammar., (A) Ashtadhyayi, , 59., A., , (B) Ashtanggrahday, , (A), (C) Ashtangshanhita, , (D) Astanpani, , When did Panini compose ‘Ashtadhyayi’ ?, ‘Ashtadhyayi’ was composed in the 5th century BC., , 60., , Ashoka’s inscriptions can also be included in non-religious literature. ( or ), , 61., , Which information do Ashoka’s inscriptions provide ?, , A., , ( ), , Ashoka’s inscriptions inform us about administration during the Mauryan empire and ethical rules, of the Buddhist religion of ancient India., , 62., A., 63., , Who am I – I wrote Samudragupta’s ‘Prayag Prashasti’., Harisen., Who was the writer of Udaygiri’s Prashasti of Chandragupta-II?, (A) Udaysen, , 64., A., , (B) Harisen, , (C) Veersen Saba, , (C), (D) Kalidas, , Who am I – I had praised Harsh in ‘Harshacharita’., Bana., Description By Foreign Travellers, , 65., , Megasthenes was a Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. ***, , 66., , The book ‘Indica’ written by Greek sailor Ptolemy gives information about parts of India. ( or )***, ( ), , 67., A., , Which foreign travelers / tourists came to ancient India?***, The Greek ambassador Megasthenes, Greek sailor Ptolemy, Chinese travellers Fahien and Hiuen –, tsang, were the foreign travelers / tourists who came to ancient India., I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , 39

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2nd Proof, , Chapter 8 : The Glory of Bharatvarsha, 68., A., , Who was Hiuen-tsang?, Hiuen-tsang was a Chinese traveler who came to India at the time of Emperor Harshvardhan. He, had given a unique description of Indian social life, rulers and cultures of that time in his text., Traders – New Routes, , 69., , In ancient India, trading with foreign countries was done through land routes and sea routes., ( or ), , 70., A., , ( ), , How do we come to know that Lothal was the major port of Harappan civilization?, At Lothal, a carriage dockyard and warehouse have been found which provide us information about, sea transport. Thus we can say that Lothal was the major port of Harappan civilization., , 71., A., 72., A., , Beads made from which materials were traded from Lothal?, Beads made from oysters and ivory were traded from Lothal., Describe international trade in ancient India.,  In ancient times India was quite well developed in trade and commerce and trading of various, , commodities with foreign countries. India’s prosperity was at its peak due to trade.,  Trading was done through land routes and sea routes. Lothal was the major port of Harappan, , civilization. Trading of beads made from oysters and ivory was done from Lothal.,  Cotton, silk and spices were exported to Europe. Through international ports like Khambhat,, , Bharuch, Sopara and Tamralipti, cotton textile, silk textile, spices, cinnamon, timber were exported, to the east and west part of the world.,  Gold, silver and other items were imported., , 73., A., 74., , Name the international ports of Ancient India., Khambhat, Bharuch, Sopara and Tamralipti., Give reason: The route used to travel from China to the remote areas was known as the silk, route., , A., , Many people used to travel from China to the remote areas on foot and on horseback. They used to, carry silk cloth with them. So the route they travelled on was known as the silk route., , 75., A., 76., A., , Which countries were associated with silk-route ?, The merchants of China, India, Iran, Arabistan, Greece and Rome were associated with silk-route., Which commodities were exported from the ports of South India in ancient times?, In ancient times, ports of South India were known for exporting black pepper and other spices., Painting in Ancient India, , 77., 40, , Picutres are a special medium which express the emotion of human beings., I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker.

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2nd Proof, , Standard, 78., , : 6 | Social Science, , The oldest paintings found in India belong to which era?, (A) Middle age, , (B) Iron age, , (C) Bronze age, , (D), (D) Neolithic, , 79., , From Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh paintings of the Neolithic age have been found. ***, , 80., , How many paintings of the Neolithic age have been found from Bhimbetka?, (A) 100, , 81., A., , (B) 200, , (C) 500, , (D), , (D) 1000, , Name the different places from where the paintings of ancient India are found., Cave paintings have been found in Bhimbetka of Madhya Pradesh, Ajanta – Ellora of Maharashtra,, Bagh caves and Amravati., , 82., , Paintings of Jatak stories of Buddha which have been found in Ellora caves are world-famous., ( or )***, , ( ), , 83., , The world famous painting Padmapani is the jewel of Indian Culture., , 84., , _________________ is a great sculpture carved out of a single massive rock., (A) Caves of Ajanta, , (B) Ashoka Pillar, , (D), , (C) Caves of Elephanta (D) Shiva temple of Ellora, , Sculpture And Architecture of Ancient India, 85., , _____________ seen in Harappan civilization is a world renowned model of Indian architecture. ( C ), (A) Drainage system, , 86., A., , (B) House planning, , (C) Town planning, , (D) Channel planning, , Which structures are associated with Harappan civilization ?, Uniformity in town, baths, granaries, industrial units and harvesting of rainwater etc. are the structures, associated with Harappan Civilization., , 87., , 88., , 89., A., 90., A., , The structures associated with Harappan civilization are the best examples of engineering of ancient, India. ( or ), , ( ), , Which of the following architectures were included in the architecture of ancient India ?, , (D), , (A) Cave Architecture, , (B) Temple Architecture, , (C) Architecture Of Places, , (D) All of them, , Name some of the cave architectures of ancient India., Cave architecture includes the hills of Barabar, Nasik hills, Ajanta- Ellora and Amravati., Which two styles of idol art were prevalent in ancient India ?, Two styles of idol art prevalent in ancient India were (1) Gandhar Art and (2) Mathura art., , 91., , The confluence of Greek and Indian sculpture is found in Gandhar style. ( or )***, , 92., , Name the places from where artifacts that were made in the Gandhar style are found., , A., , ( ), , A number of artifacts of Gandhar art have been found in Takshashila and Gandhar in Afghanistan, and in north-western India. Large statues of Buddha have been found in Bamiyan and Charsoda, which are made in this style., I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , 41

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2nd Proof, , Chapter 8 : The Glory of Bharatvarsha, 93., A., , Describe the Mathura art of idol making., Mathura art is completely Indian style. Initially Buddha’s statues were made in this style. After that, idols of Hindu deities were also made in this style. Specimens of sculpture have also been found, from Amravati, Ajanta, Nasik and Sarnath., Stupas and Viharas, , 94., , What does the architecture of Buddhism include?, (A) Stupas, , 95., , (B) Chaityas, , (C) Viharas, , (D), (D) All of them, , After the nirvana of Gautam Buddha, the monumental construction of his life began in the form of, stupas. ( or ), , ( ), , 96., , The stupas were made for the first time during the Vajji union., , 97., , Name some famous stupas., , A., 98., , Ashoka’s Sanchi stupa, stupa of Lumbini and stupa of Sarnath, The kings of which dynasty started construction of wooden work around stupas?, (A) Pushya, , 99., 100., A., , (B) Gupta, , (C) Shung, , (C), , (D) All of them, , Kanishka got a huge stupa constructed in Sarnath, which is called ‘Shahji-ki-Deri’. ( or ) ( ), Explain the meaning of Stupas and Chaityas.***, The stupa is small dome-shaped architecture in the middle of which the relics of Buddha were, buried and the Buddhists practiced meditation there., Chaityas were carved in mountains. In caves of chaityas, columns, doors, huge prayer halls etc., were carved and were given the shape of a temple. They were used as places of prayer., , 101., , Stupas were made by carving mountains. ( or ), , ( ), , 102., , Chaityas were used as a place of __________ ., , (C), , (A) meetings, 103., A., 104., A., , (B) living, , (C) prayer, , (D) social functions, , Which chaityas are world famous ?, Chaityas of Amravati, Bhaj and Karla have become world-famous., What are Viharas ?, The caves were made by carving mountains for Buddhist and Jain monks which were called viharas., Jain and Buddhist monks studied in these viharas., , 105., A., , Write a short note on the sculptures of ancient India.***,  Town planning seen in Harappan civilisation is world famous. Structures of Harappan civilisation, , are the best examples of engineering of ancient India.,  Other architecture includes cave architecture, temple architecture, and architecture of palaces., , Cave architecture includes the hills of Barabar, Nasik hills ,Ajanta-Ellora and Amravati., 42, , I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker.

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2nd Proof, , Standard, , : 6 | Social Science, ,  Two styles of idol making were prevalent in ancient India : (I) Gandhar Art : Which was a confluence, , of Greek and Indian style. (2) Other style is completely Indian, which is known as Mathura art.,  Architecture of Buddhism includes stupas, chaityas and viharas. In stupas Buddhists practiced, , meditation. Viharas were used as places of prayer and in viharas, Jain and Buddhist monks, studied., 106., , Jain statues of Gomteshhwar in Shravan Belgauda are world famous., Heritage In Education, , 107., , Mohan-jo-daro civilization is also called Bronze civilization., , 108., , Remains of how many vidhyapeeths have been found ?, (A) Two, , (B) Three, , (C) Five, , (C), (D) Seven, , 109., , Nalanda University of the Gandhar region of ancient India was world famous. ( or )***, , 110., , Which subjects were taught in Takshashila?***, , A., , ( ), , Subjects like Ethics, Sanskrit, Grammar, Astronomy, Astrology, Hinduism and Philosophy were taught, in Takshashila., , 111., A., , Write a short note on Takshashila Vidyapeeth., Takshshila near the Gandhar region in North western India was a great educational pilgrimage. It, taught Ethics, Sanskrit, Grammar, Astronomy and Astrology, Hinduism and Philosophy. Great, philosophers and rulers like Panini, Chanakya, Chandragupta, Jivak had become renowned from, these educational institutions., , 112., , Ancient educational institution in Bihar was known as Nalanda Vidyapeeth., , 113., , Which Chinese traveller visited Nalanda Vidyapeeth ?, , A., 114., A., 115., , Hiuen Tsang visited Nalanda Vidyapeeth., Which philosophies were taught at Nalanda Vidyapeeth ?, Hindu and Buddha philosophies were taught at Nalanda Vidyapeeth., _______________ was the great chemist of Nalanda Vidyapeeth., (A) Nagarjun, , (B) Banbhat, , (C) Chanakya, , (A), (D) Panini, , 116., , Nagarjun started using ash of mercury as a medicine for the first time. ( or ), , 117., , Write a short note on Vallabhi Vidyapeeth., , A., , ( ), , There are evidences that there was a great vidyapeeth in Vallabhi of Gujarat in sixth-seventh century., Hieun Tsang has written a lot regarding this university. Many students used to come here to study., Students had to give entrance exam for admission. The principals would then take a written, examination and later they used to send students for an interview. The knowledge of all three religions, i.e. Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism were imparted along with meditation, astrology and astronomy., I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , 43

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2nd Proof, , Chapter 8 : The Glory of Bharatvarsha, 118., , 119., , Which two vidyapeeths existed in Bengal ?, , (D), , (A) Vallabhi and Nalanda, , (B) Takshashila and Nalanda, , (C) Vallabhi and Vikramshila, , (D) Vikramshila and Anantpuri, , In a vidhyapeeth of Bengal a large three storey library of Buddhism was built. ( or ), , ( ), , Coins, 120., , Coins of the 5th century B.C. are called Panchmark coins. ***, , 121., , Indo-Greek rulers introduced a special kind of gold coin., , 122., , What was mentioned on the gold coins introduced by Indo-Greek rulers?, , A., , King’s mark, his photo and his time were mentioned on the gold coins introduced by Indo-Greek, rulers., , 123., , The coins of ______________ age are the best., (A) Mauryan, , 124., A., 125., A., , (B) Puskar, , (C), (C) Gupta, , (D) Harshvardhan, , Royal coins of which Gupta kings have been found? ***, Coins of Samudragupta, Chandragupta-I and Chandragupta-II have been found., Describe the coins of the Gupta age., The coins of Gupta age are the best coins of ancient India. Samudragupta’s coin with his picture of, playing Veena and killing a lion, coin of Chandragupta-I with picture of king and queen and Garuda,, Chandragupta-II (Vikramaditya) coins and Singh Vikrarm’s and Garud flag coins have been found, in large number. These coins are mostly of gold, which gives information about India’s immense, prosperity of that time., , 126., , Match the pairs :, (1), , (2), , A, , B, , Answer, , (1) Katha, , (A) Arthashastra, , (1) – C, , (2) Matsya, , (B) Ashtadhyayi, , (2) – E, , (3) Kautilya, , (C) Upanishad, , (3) – A, , (4) Panini, , (D) Shahji-ki-Deri, , (4) – B, , (5) Peshawar, , (E) Purana, , (5) – D, , A, , B, , Answer, , (1) Takshashila, , (A) Gujarat, , (1) – D, , (2) Nalanda, , (B) Bihar, , (2) – B, , (3) Vallabhi, , (C) Bengal, , (3) – A, , (4) Vikramashila, , (D) Gandhar, , (4) – C, , , 44, , I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker.