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Knowledge Bell : India’s No.1 Institute for the preparation of Sainik School, Navodaya Vidayalaya, Contact - 8305103918, , Cooking and Preservation, • Cooking – Cooking, cookery, or culinary arts is the art, science, and craft of, using heat to prepare food for consumption., o Cooking can also be defined as the process of preparing the food for, eating or consumption purposes., • Methods of Cooking – Different methods of cooking include, 1. Roasting - for example chicken, vegetables, corn, peanuts., 2. Boiling - for example water, milk, tea, coffee, dal, rice, egg, 3. Frying - for example vegetables, fish, egg, parathas, 4. Baking - for example cake, chicken, bread, 5. Steaming - for example momos, Idli, vegetables, , Things that are eaten, raw, Carrot, Radish, Apple, Mango, Pomegranate, , Things that are eaten, cooked, Dal, Rice, Chapati, Rajma, Chole, , Things that are eaten, both raw and cooked, Tomato, Onion, Cabbage, Broccoli, Spinach, , • Food Preservation – Food preservation can be defined as the method of, storing the food and stopping the growth of microorganisms., ▪ Food is a major source of energy however spoiled or unhealthy food can, cause diseases in human such as food poisoning. The common, symptoms of food poisoning are nausea vomiting, abdominal pain., ▪ In order to avoid the spoilage of food we follow certain methods of food, preservation., • Objectives of Food Preservation, ▪ Following are the important objectives of food preservation, 1. To prevent microbial contamination, 2. To kill pathogens, 3. To minimize food spoilage and food poisoning., • Principle behind food preservation method, o All the methods of food preservation are based on one of the following two, principles-

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Knowledge Bell : India’s No.1 Institute for the preparation of Sainik School, Navodaya Vidayalaya, Contact - 8305103918, , 1. By reducing the temperature conditions required for microbial growth, we can preserve the food., 2. By evaporating the water content of the food, preservation of food, can be done., • Different methods of food preservation1. Chemical Methods Preservation of food by salt is called salting., a. Salting, Example – Aachar/ Pickel, fruit, Meat, fish, b. By adding Sugar High concentration of sugar in food absorbs, the moisture and restrains microbial growth., Example – Jam Jellies, c. Synthetic, Vinegar, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium, Preservatives, metabisulphite, 2. Heat and Cold, Boiling kills microorganisms does helps in food, Methods, preservation., a. Boiling, Example – Boiling of milk, b. Refrigeration, Refrigerators have low temperature which is, not optimum for microbial growth hence, it, prevents food spoiling., 3. Smoking, Smoke produced from wood contains, (Traditional, antimicrobial compounds that prevents, Method), spoilage of food., Example – Smoking prevents spoilage of fish, and meat., 4. Canning, Storing the food in an airtight container, prevents spoiling., 5. Dehydration, Removing the water content from food, prevents the spoiling of food., 6. Lyophilization, Process of freezing and dehydration of food, under vacuum., 7. Radiations, The UV rays, X rays, Gamma Rays kill the, Also called as Cold unwanted microorganisms preventing the, Sterilization., spoilage of food.