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1. Differentiate Computers based on performance and capacity., Ans: On the basis of performance and capacity computers are of four kind., Microcomputer:, • It is also known as Personal computers(PC)., • These are smaller in size and cheaper than other computer., • It is used in Homes, School, and Offices., • Example: Laptop, Desktop, Smartphones, Tablet, etc., Minicomputers, •, •, •, , It is also known as Central computer or server., It is bigger in size and capacity and costlier than microcomputer., Example: PDP-11, IBM-17, HP-9000., , Mainframecomputers:, •, •, •, , It is also known as backbone of business world and heart of a network., It has large internal memory and can be used by number people simultaneously., Example: IBM-370, IBM-S/390, UNIVAC-1110, , Supercomputers:, •, •, •, •, , These are the fastest and expensive computers., It’s processing speed is very high and measured in FLOPS (Floating Point Operations, Per second)., These are used in weather forecasting, space research, etc., Examples: PARAM, Cray-1., , Q. How does a computer work?/ Explain IPO cycle., Ans: A computer functions in three steps process. They are Input, Process, Output known as IPO, cycle., Input:, •, •, , Input means entering data and instruction into computer through input devices., Example: Data: 6,2 Instruction Add, , Process:, , •, , Process means calculating or sorting of data as per the given instruction using, CPU., Example: Add(6,2)=6+2, , •, •, , Output means giving result or information through output devices., Example: Result of 6+2=8., , •, , Output:, , Q. Differentiate between Data and Information.
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Ans:, , •, , Data, Raw facts and figures that can be, recorded are known as data, Data is meaningless, , •, , Example: Om Prakash, VI, 11, , •, , Information, •, , Processed data is known as information., , •, •, , It is meaningful., Example: Name: Om Prakash, Class: VI, Age:11years, , Q. Describe different types of Input devices., Ans: Input device:, It allows a user to enter data and instruction into a computer. Example: Keyboard,, Mouse, Joystick, etc., The following are the different input devices., Keyboard:, It helps to enter alphanumeric data and instruction to the computer. It has generally 104 keys., Mouse:, It is a pointing device used to point and select items on computer screen., The following are the actions of a mouse, •, •, •, •, •, , Left click: select an item, Double click: start a program or open a file., Right click: display a set of commands., Drag and drop: select and move an item from one location to another., Scroll wheel: scroll through document., , Joystick:, It is a pointing device used to play computer games., Trackball:, It is a pointing device that uses a ball to select and move cursor., Light Pen:, It is pointing device used to select item and draw pictures on the monitor screen., Digitizer:, It is used to draw digital images.
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Scanner:, It is an optical input device that converts data and images on paper into digital form., MICR(Magnetic Ink Character Reader):, It is an optical device used in bank to read magnetic ink characters on a cheque., OCR (Optical Character Reader):, It is an optical input device used to convert printed text on paper to machine readable code., BCR (Bar code Reader):, It is an optical input device used to read printed bar codes on products., Webcam:, It is input device used to capture photos and videos., Microphone:, It is an input device used to capture audio., Q. What is the function of Output devices? Describe different output devices., Ans: Output devices:, Output devices are used to display result or information to the user. Example:, Monitor, Printer, Projector, etc, Monitor:, It is the most common visual output device known as VDU(Visual Display Unit) to display, data and graphics known as soft copy output., There are three types of monitor i.e. CRT (cathode Ray Tube), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)/, TFT (Thin Film Transistor), LED (Light Emitting Diode)., Printer:, It is used to produce output on paper known as hard copy output., There are two types of printers, o Impact Printer, o Non-Impact Printer, Impact Printer: It uses some mechanism to physically press an inked ribbon against the page, to create an image. These printers are usually loud, o Example: Dot-Matrix printer, Daisy wheel printer, Drum printer, etc, Non –Impact Printer: In a non-impact printer printing element does not directly strike a, surface. Example: Ink-Jet printer, Laser Printer, 3D printer, Plotter, etc, o Inkjet Printer: It precisely sprays thousands of tine ink droplets onto paper to create, an image or text.
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o, , Laser Printer: It is an electrostatic digital machine that rapidly produces high-quality, text and graphics by passing a laser beam over a charged drum., , Speaker: It is used to listen to the audio output., Plotter: It is used to print large vector graphics drawing.
