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A. Rate Analysis., Rote analysis is nothing but determination of rate per, unit of a specific item. Rate analysis gives us idcd of, material required for completing Specific item, Rate analysis helps, material on site, due to task work the productivity of, Tabous is also checked., as to control the consumption of, * Definition., It is process of determining the rate per unit of an, item of woyk from cost of material, cost of labour, cost of, rent and operation of tools and plant and other, miscellaneous, expenser., + Purpose of Rate analysis, 1) To know actyal cost of item., 2) To know labour cost., 3) TH is useful for material m anagement., y To choose contractor for giving contract., 55TO select labour contractor., 6) To compare rautes of contractor and rate of deportment/, owner.

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Importance of Rate Analy sis., 1) It is really important to know the qu a ntity of material., number ot labours, rate of raw materiale rate of rent, of machinery etc.in advance ie. before exerution of, work Starts. Due to rate of analy sis fair idsa of these, things is cleay in engincers mind. Rate analysir is a, judgemental process., 23 The rates calculated with the help of this, are not exact. Here ates are different at different, process, places, 3) But due to rarte analysis purchasing of materials, becomes easy., 4) Rate analysis is vey important with respect to, resource, allocation ieit plays important role in allocation, of labours at right time and at the Tight plare., 5) Tools and plants aoe allocated smoothly., * Factors afffecting Rate analysis, There are two factors affests on Rate analysis:-, 2 major factor s, major factorS, a) matenial, 2s minor factors., About so%o of tot al (ost is material cost. Therefore materiel, plays very important role in rate analysie., If locally available material should be used for the, work then Tate of item is ess as compare to other location., material required is different tor different grades of eoncrete, ie. for Mis qrade Cli2:4) & mio grade (1 3:6) the material, required is different., Exact quantity of material, doing rate analy sis., should be calculated while

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b) Labour, The second important m ajor factor which affects the, nate analysis is labour. The number of labours, Using task.cð ork of out urn per day cas per PWD mahanash, Labout rate depends upon type of work, type of worker or, labour required., About 30%. total costis labout cost, are decided, Specification, Specification gives the details of items. As per the, specification the rate of an item changes. FOT example, if in speciFication it fs mention that two coafs of, distemper has to be provided. Then the rate is suppose, 100/- But sf emulsion point has to provided the rate is, different., Rate of mild steel & foY steel is different. Thus, specification affect the rate analysis in large scale., 2) Minoy Fators, a) Tools and plants., Depending upon Tequirements ofownerl departmcnt the, necessity of tools and plant is decided. If it is the, Tequirement of ouonerl department the mashinery is purchdted., Otherwis e the tools and plants are hired., ) Overhead charger, It is usually 27 to 5r. of the totalcost of work. It is, consist of the sharges which are gencrally required on site., on regular basis like travelling expenses. telephone bills., station any ansl printing expenses., when the work is of lorg er scale., These charges are more

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clASSMate, Date, Page, o contractors profit, It depends upon the type of work. Generally it is taken, 107 of total cost., d Place of work, The rate analysic depends the plare of work. If the, site is sittyated in hilly grea or in extremme taJeather, condition then the o ates are more., es condition of contract, If the conditions of contract erre very particulor 1.e., if the timscis the main constÝ aint then the rates are, 5 magnitude of work, For the work which is going to continye for more period, then the rates are less ie.if the work magnityde is mOre than, the rates, are less., Lead, It is defined as the horizontal distan ce up to cwhich a, contractor has to how the excavated material and is included, in rates of excavation. Generally 30m lead is taken into, consideratioD. It is also called as standard or normal lead-, * lift, Tt is defined as vertical distance which is travelled by, material. Generally it is taken as liSm.

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CIASSMATE, Date, Page, Overhead ofÝ establishment charges, These charges include ofAice expense s,taxes supavisisr, charges and other expeoses which are indirect. The, overhead chorges can divided in two main categories., ) Greneral overheads, 1) Greneral overhead includes., 2) Job overs head, a) office staff salany b) Stationary printing postal chargeo, ) The amount required for travelling 4) Rent taxes & telephone bills, 2) Job overbead includes, a) Salaries of supervisors. engineers b) Mateniad hand ling, Tools and plants maintenance and repairs, and their, depreciation d) Workers insurance premium & compensation of, e) Interest on investment., The overhead charges, worker., generally taken about 29.to, are, 51. of total cost., * Water chargen, About 1.5. of cost of material elabour is considered as, labour charges. For finding out dryvolume following %. gre ysed:-, PCC, Add s2%, Brickwork, 35, 42%, Add 307. for joint & 251. of total volum e, UCR, plasteming, Flooring, Add 25%, Contractors Profit, Generally 10%i of todal estimated cost is considered as, contractors profit. If materials are provided by owne or, department then l0%. profit is not allowed, on materials.