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Read the short story carefully and punctuate this story., , one night hodja effendis neighbour heard loud thuds coming from hodjas house when he met, hodja the next morning he said hodja what were those loud thuds i heard last night, , nothing serious replied hodja effendi my shoes my coat my shirt my trousers and my turban fell, down the stairs, , that cant be said the neighbour that wouldnt make such a noise, ___ well added hodja effendi i was in them at that time, Now read the story again after you have punctuated it., fasn't it easier to understand the story?, , et's first revise what you have learnt about the usage of capital letters., , , , , ital letters, ital letters are used to begin sentences. For example,, You are my best friend., , , They are also used to begin words that are proper nouns, to begin words derived from proper, nouns, to begin titles, and for initials., , ¢ Mario is my best friend. ¢ Heis an American., * His father is Dr A. Roberts ¢ Principal Swami is a great teacher., , e is a table for you to revise the punctuation marks you have already learnt., , , , nctuation marks Rulesofusage Examples, , ll stop or period (.) @ Itis used to mark the * Swimming is fun., end of an assertive or, imperative sentence., , , , , , , , , , , , @ tis used after most * Prof., Rev., abbreviations., @ itis used after most initials. |* S.K. Khan sf
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Examples, Where are you going?, , , , , , is 0, , Punctuation marks —, , Question mark (?) @ Itis used at the end ofa, direct question., , @ tis used at the end of a, , , , + You enjoyed the poem,, , , , , , , , idn’t you?, question tag. didn't y, f » Wow!, Exclamation mark (!) @ Itis used at the endo oa, an interjection or an « Help me:, entence. pT, exclamatory |need flour, eggs, sugar, ang, , , , @ Itis used to separate three, or more items in a list., , @ itis used to separate two, , | independent clauses., , @ Itis also used to separate, a dependent clause from, an independent claus ete, when the depende 4, begins:the sentence. * You are awake, aren't you?, , ® Itis used to separate a, sentence from its, question tag., , butter to make a cake., , , , « She finished her work in time;, she was awarded a certificate, , « Although she finished her wor,, on time, she was not award, a certificate. ile si, , , , , , , , , * Yes, they may leave., @ Itis used after yes and no, , in sentences when they, come at the beginning of, the sentence., , It is sometimes not used, before and/or in a list when, there are more than two items, on the list. This is a matter of, choice and is not incorrect,, , , , Apostrophe (’) @ Itis used to show belonging | «, , : the children’s toys, or possession,, , @ Itis used to indicate, the missing letters in a, contraction., , * can't, , Add 's to each individual, if the items are possessed, Separately. For example,, , + Mona's and Simi’s bags, “| were lost,, , , , , , , , , , , , ——__ = * |
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punctuation marks Rules of usage Examples, , , , , , Beech marks/quotation |@ = Theyare used to enclose |* ‘Good morning!’ he said, , + yxs/inverted commas (") direct speech, or the words | cheerfully. ‘How are you today?’, that someone actually, , i = speaks,, , , , , , , , , , E, 5 on (3), , cemicolon is used to indicate a longer pause than a comma., ok at these sentences to understand the uses of the semicolon., , + The temperatures are rising; the days are sweltering., , f, i, , * This holiday, | plan to study, which is of course necessary; swim, to keep fit, what else; and, read, the best pastime., , , , ip the first sentence, the semicolon is used to separate connected thoughts, expressed as short, sentences and not joined by a conjunction., , te, Ip the second sentence, semicolons separate groups of words containing commas. Too many, commas may confuse a reader, so we use semicolons instead., , i, , Colon (:), , Read these sentences to learn the uses of the colon., , i * Make three drawings: one of a flower, one of a bird, and one of a tree., * There are four seasons: spring, summer, monsoon, and winter., |, , In the first sentence, the colon introduces a list., , , , , , In the second sentence, we use a colon to introduce some additional details or explanation., , In the previous chapter you learnt how to write a formal letter. We also use the colon to introduce, ‘the subject in formal letters. For example,, , , , , , * Subject: Requesting permission for a two-day leave, , t’s crack it, , .. Rewrite these sentences in your notebook using semicolons and colons., The countries | want to visit are as follows,Egypt, Turkey, and Iran., , | want to play indoors;my brother wants to play outdoors., , | was late for the bus,however, | ran fast and managed to catch it., My hands are very sticky! was just making a paper collage., , The things | need to buy from the grocer areja pat of butter, some, sugar, and some flour., , , , There are three rules in my classistay on task, speak respectfully, and leave with permission.
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Abbreviations, Look at these words,, , * Dr (doctor), , , , , , , NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) is a shortened form of a word, w, The words Dr and NTPC are abbreviations. An abbreviation is 2, some letters representing the whole word., , viation is different from th, We use a full Stop after an abbreviation if the last letter of the abbre' ', letter of the word., , ourable), Rev. (reverend) ® Hons(hos, , B. Write the abbreviation of each word., , 1. Indian Medical Association +., 2. World Health Organization Se, 3. International Monetary Fund {Mr, 4. Emergency Medical Technician EI = —, , 5. World Trade Organization la) ,, , , , Cc. The apostrophe has been used i, in your notebook. Be careful, s, , ', The dogs’ collar was stolen. ¢! 4, ——, , incorrectly in these sentences. Rewrite the sentences co re, ‘ome sentences may not require the apostrophe., , , , ¢, Its' impossible to cross the river., Your'e not allowed to swim in the lake. Vo Ue £5, eee, , Someone stole the two boy's backpacks, b ous, , a, , Bill and Ziri are Boing to watch the womens’ final, Won an {, Mohans' and Carl'is books were stolen from their bags. oh on, , The student's success was because of their hard work, ah, , ee: They ha've been learning swimming for six months now,, Ai., rv, , lon, , The commander's-in-chief met to discuss t, , he war Situation,, a We, We'd love to 80 with you, but weve alread, , % Let’s perfect it, , 'Y Made plans for the film., , A. Tick (V) the correctly punctuated sentences,, , 1. a) Have you washed the Players’ uniform?, , b) Have you washed the Players’ uniforms?, 2. a) The kangaroo carried its baby in its Pouch., b) The kangaroo, carried its baby,, , in its Pouch,, 3. a) Many 80's and 90's were Scored in the final test
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b) Many 80s and 90s were scored in the final test., 4, a) We've been having lots of fun in the science classes,, b) Wev'e been having lots of fun in the science classes., , 5, a) Angelas' and Akash's compositions were well written?, , OOQO, , b) Angela's and Akash's compositions were well written., 6. a), , b) Don't walk too close to the river's edge, or you will slip into the water., 7. a) The sun rose; the cock crowed loudly., , ©, \, \, , Don't walk too close to the river's edge or you will slip into the water., , GO, , \, , b) The sun rose: the cock crowed loudly!, 8. a) Put the books on the shelf, said my sister., b) ‘Put the books on the shelf? said my sister., , O00, , 9. a) The river flooded its banks; the huts were swept away., , b) The river flooded its banks: the huts were swept away., 10. a) These are the different tenses, the present tense past tense and future tense., ; b) These are the different tenses: present tense, past tense, and future tense., _ 11. a) ‘It's my birthday. | have been gifted a pet. It'sa kitten; its eyes are blue, said Amita., : b) ‘It’s my birthday. | have been gifted a pet. It’s a kitten: its eyes are blue, said Amita. O, ie 12. a) MrA. Wadia loves reading all types of books: mystery, non-fiction, adventure,, , gag, , \, , , , a, and fantasy., b) MrA. Wadia loves reading all types of books: mystery; non-fiction; adventure;, and fantasy. OO, , B. Circle tl e errors and rewrite the correct sentences in your notebook., , e, , (ighthi ig book yours ?, , ston) ap bre once », , on work keep it up !, , 2., 3., m4. his) lvely ainting) sri P, 5 5, WherSore you com tasked Mike., 1 6, , 7, , 8., , 9, , , , ‘Let S eatygrandmother! suggested Rinki., (Gh nol he cried that’s my bicycle on the lawn ,, , Hus oh., , hurrab! they shouted we have won the match ,, , , , waaay a pizzaya pie Salads and had lots of fun ., , 110. 'whaDan a isheaté storyexclaimed the teacher teaches, , , , ‘dol feal need to got to Iochitasked my my brother», 12, wll he ehiet guest ms ‘luther give away the prizes?, 13. my grdnbifather was ; the guest of honour at the parade «
