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Paraphrasing and, , Summary, PARAPHRASING, ., ., Paraphrasing is, presentation of essent ial info rmatt0n, . ., . one1 s own, an d ideas expre sse d b y someone else in, wo rd s. It is usually done to simplify the original piece., 1, , Keep the following points in mind while paraphrasing:, • ,_~eread the origina l ·passage untif you u,nderstand, .,ts full meaning., • Th~n write it in your own words., • ·compare your paraphrase with the origina l to, make ,sure1that your version contai ns all the, esseritial il'.lformation in a new form ., ', , ', , • Use quotation. marks in the paraphrase to identify, any .term 0r phrase borrowed exactly from the, , origin ', iL, , .1;, , ., , ' ', , ,r.', , ,I, , ', , ', , ', , :.I, :.,,...,, , ,.,c· ,c.-,-,, ~, , \, , -, , Read the following lines from The Merchant of Venice., Thyself shalt see the act:, For, as thou urgest justice, be assured, Thou shalt have justice, more than thou desirest., Now read the paraphrase., You will see for yourself. Just as you have asked f or, justice, be sure that you will have justice; even more than, you desired., , Li a., , i

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1. Paraphrase the following passage. Make sure the main idea comes through. lJs~, , your own words., Hummingbirds, Some of the loveliest hummingbirds in the world can be seen in South, America and the West Indies. Hummingbirds have, . , ., a crest on their heads that glitters like a crown, . ··:)f:•'., on a king's head . Their breasts have brilliant, ;~·, colours. When they flit from one place to, ·,, another, they look more like sparks and, flashes of sunlight than birds., You might wonder why they are, called hummingbirds. You will, be surprised to learn that this is, because when they fly, their wings, make a soft humming sound., In fact, their wings move so rapidly, that you can hardly see them. Mother, hummingbirds are very protective of their, eggs and their young ones, as indeed all, mothers are. If you ever come close to their nest,, make sure you don't go too close, else you could get pecked, by the mother bird's sharp beak., •, , Now read the paraphrase., , {, , ,, , r, , ~, , f~, , ,, , Hummingbirds, with a crest on their head a~d brilliantly coloured breasts, are found in, South America and the West Indies. When t heyfly, their wings make a soft humming, sound, which gives them their name. Mother hummingbirds are protective of their eggs, and young ones, and peck if you get too close to their nest., , 2. Given below is a sonnet by William Shakespeare. Paraphrase the sonnet., When, in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,, I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, And look upon myself and curse my fate,, Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,, Featured like him, like him with friends possess'd,, Desiring this man's art and that man's scope,

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r, , h t n,ost enjoy contented least·, . wa I, ,, , .111th, , e thoughts myself almost des .., cheS, p1sing, yet I, hink on thee, and then my state, ,, ly It, ,, ~aP che lark at break of day arisin~, •1,e co, h ., h, ~1~, llen eart , sings ymns at heaven', rri su, s gate·, fro, weet love remember'd such Wealth b . ', rthY 5, ,, rings, fO, hen I scorn to change my stat~ with k' ., 7hat t, ,►, ings., ., ad the paraphrase., yv ·ri, , ~~, , ', , ~~e~ I have fallen in the eyes of others and am faced with misfortune, I cry over my, eatrnent as an outcast and uselessly ~omplaln to the deaf Gods. I wt$h to ve like, , :~rneone wh~ ha~ th e,hope of a ,better fu,7ure and has several friende; a.nd arso destre, other mans skill ari d anoth er s freedor,t I am least contented with wha,t I used to, :~joY rnost. While despising myself; sudd~~ly I think of you and my d'ark thougfrts rise, like the lark at_dawn from th e da:~ earth and I sing hymns at heaven's gate. For, thinking,, of your love brings me such happiness that I would not change my position wrth kings., , Exercises, paraphrase the following p.assages. 1, 1., , t:'-i · l ., , Repubtic Day Ce.lebration in Nanak Memprial School, Republic Day was celebrated with great ferivour by the students and teachers of, Nanak Memorial School, New Delhi. Mr S:t'.u:1il Mukherjee, the chairman of the, school, hoisted the national flag a9~-i ;;~~e :.a v~ry nice speech to the gathering, about the significance of this day. H~-- ~aid fhat students, who are the future of the, country, should be brave and .courageous 4-nd be ready to face all challenges of, life. The principal of the school, Mrs Priya~vada, too gave a very inspiring speech., There was a cultural programme where the \students performed songs and dances., After the programme, there was a light refre,shment for all who were present on, the occasion., , 2. Schoot Fete, We celebrated our annual school fete on 31st March this year. It was a wonderful, fun-filled day with a lot of laughter and merri ment. The office-bearers of our, school, the head boy, the head girl and the teathers of the school worked tirelessly, and planned the day so well, that it was a very1successful event., The stalls were beautifully decorated with blue._and yellow balloons., 1, , 1

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od stalls dances and live entertainment_ which t~, ., here clicking selfies and pictures e, There were many ndes, games,, ., students enjoyed a lot. People were seen e~ ~ . ng schools., h, There were many other visitor's from the ne.rg oun, ., . . and ,mm,, f.!.nSe ene rgy made c e event a success ., Everybody's support, enthusiasm, , 'i, , fo, , SUMMARY WRITING, , · . word sum. When you write a summan,, £:.., •, • derived, . •, ,, nom t h e Latin, The word 'summary' ,s, nd, a, Write, a, po~m), a, ~r_, you reduce the length of the original text (a stpry, an article,, new piece in your own words, that gives the essence of the onginaf pie_c e. A su mmary is, a brief, dear statement giving the most important facts about something., , Features of a summary, A ':"°"~ ~rts with a dear iBentifi!;ar"lfo of die, . rs, mam point tn the present t~nse., · ··, article. Phrases such as the · ·, used while writing a summa,, never Pf.It in a summary., , e of Wqr~, title, .!;Uthor'. an, o~nts of the ong,n, -· ·, , riodicall, tions a, , How to write a summary, • Read the atticle to be s,um · ·, • Outline tne ·art~d, • Write .a first dra ., have .the ma:j,o ·, , • Alw¥ .use para, the original~ :be sure it 1, para.phcased. 1n th!J ca~, , from, not be, , ·• Target your nr-st c:lr~ft fo~, ... .Anyextrai' ., , · · ·, ., , ., , 1. Read the following poem carefully and wr1'te, , ·, The thing about a ·h k. About the, s ar is-teeth, ,', One row above o, ' ne row beneath., , a summary., , Teeth of Sharks

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ke a close look. Do Yo c., u 11nd, ~o nother row behind?, nas a, , wca, , It . loser-here, I'll hold Your h ., at., Sc1II c, , ~as .it a third row behind that~., , look in and ... Look out! Oh, NO'N, rrty, ver know now! Well goodb ', 1'11ne, ', Ye., , John Ciard;, ad the summa,ry of the poem, lo\~, re, h T, ., 0em,'About t, , e eeth of Shark , th, 5, he P, • epoet J h, 1r1t fa shark is its teeth. It has a row oft, . ' 0 nCiardl states that th, ,t, a1't O, k th, d, eeth in its u, ,, · e scar1es, r· fhe poet as s e rea er to take a closer I k PperJaw and another row tn Its lower, ,w._ d But, as the poet's friend tries to p ,oo and chec.k rf it has athird row of teeth, ~ehtn ., h, ., eep into the sh k' ., /her in. So, now, t e poet will never discove 'f h, ar s mouth, tile shark swallow$, I, hi~, odbye, to, his, friend., bidsgo, r t e shark has athircl row of teeth 1.15 he, N, , Write a summary of the following story aft, 2., , d' ., er rea mg 1t thoroughly., , Three Greedy Friends, Once three friends set out on a longJ·ourney ·n sear h f rk Th h fr' d, 1, . ., c o wo . et ree , ,en s, were feel mg tired and hu~gry because they had walked, a long way. So they decided, to sit and res~ for some time. ~s they were resting under a huge peepul tree, their, eyes caught sight of a bag. Cu nous, they opened the bag and lo! What did they, see? It was a bag full of money. Hap.pi-ly, they at once picked up the bag and, decided to divide the money equally among them., Before dividing the money, they wanted to eat something because they were very, hungry. So one of them went to a nearby town to buy food. The other two sat, there to guard the bag of money. The friend who went to the town became greedy, and decided to kill his two friends in order to get all the money. He bought some, poison and mixed it with the food he had bought., In the meantime the two friends who were waiting in the forest also became, d Th, I ' I, d to kill their friend as soon as he returned. So when he, gree, came yb. ac keywit~hsohp, t e ~nned, ,oo , th ey k'1lled him with a knife. After .killing him,, . they ate the, c100 d, not know1ng, . t hat t he c100 d was poisoned. They also died. Ultimately greed, killed them all and no one got the money.

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Now, read the summary of the story., Once t hree greedy friends, on t heir way to look for some work, came across a bag full of, th, money. lnltl.ally all t hree of t hen, decided to divide the money equally among emselves. h, t he meant ime, when one friend went to buy food for the other two,th etwo planned to kill, t hat one friend and t he one friend planned to polGon the other two. Ultimately each one, nd, wa s so blinded by greed that all the three friends got killed by each 0th er a no one coula, possess the money., 1, , ~~)(erdses :, 1. Write a summary for the following poem., , Recess! Oh, Recess!, Recess! Oh, Recess!, We love you! You Rule!, You keep us away, From the teachers in school., Your swings are refreshing., Your slides are the best., You give us a break, From a really hard test., Recess! Oh, Recess!, We want you to know,, You're sweeter than syrup,, You're special like snow., You don't assign homework., You make the day fun., You let us play kickball, And run in the sun., Recess! Oh, Recess!, You're first on our list., We'd be in despair, If you didn't exist., We're happy we have you, You're awesome and cool., Recess! Oh, Recess!, We love you! You rule!, Darren Sardelli, , kB

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rllrr,ary for the followin g poe, , vJrice, J·, , ~su••·, , m., , The Rooks, are building on the trees, ., spring ;, every, there, build, r, re, 1, say,, 1reY caw,, is all they ., .ow,one of them can sing., p before the break of day ', cor r1, ., 're u, r, freY till late at night;, ,Ar1d up rnust labou r busily, · ht ., cr 0rtheYas it .1s 11g, 1011 g, ·, . k t hey bnng,, a croo ked st,c, A5d r11anY, ,An any a slender twig,, 111, And any a tuft of moss, until, nd, A . :ests are round and big., ,heir caw.' Oh, what a noise, ., '[aW,, ...-.ake in rainy weather!, fheY'", hildren always speak by turns ', Goo d C, ks all talk together., ·, But roo, Jane Euphemia Browne, 00 k5, , 3., , Write a summ ary for the-st ory., , Tit for Tat!, a bottle of, A landowner was broug ht by one of his farmers a roasted chicken and, , fruit juice. The landowner called his servant boy and·told him to take the farme r's, gift to his house. Knowing how cunning the boy was, he explained to him that, advised him, under the cloth there was a live bird and also a bottle of poison. He, not to uncover the gift on the way, for if he did so, the bird would fly away and, even the smell of the poison in the bottle was enough to kill him ., not, The boy, knowing his master only too well, found a comfortable corner, and, drop., only ate the roasted chicken, but also drank away the delicious juice to the last, When, at lunch time, the landowner went to his house, he asked his wife to bring, The, him food. His wife asked him to wait him as the meal was not yet cooked., ~a~downer, thinking of the farmer's gift, said to his wife that the chicken and the, He was very, Juice which he had sent through the servant would be good enough., angry when his wife told him that she had not seen the boy since morning., Without wasting a minute, the landowner ran back to his place to ~ark and there

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n,ed off to find the monkey F, was, .h a~ away from the well , the monk ey, jofl sror ·ddle of the path Wh, 'The, d, h, en t e Ii, ., he n,1, Aie l, ', saw t e monkey, he growle, chat you said you were not on, F . a jr, c, c., d, .d, fr, Id n,e, -,.r1 r1 z,, . a a, of me and that I worke ,or, als co ' . ot what I told them, ' my friend! I told them I am afraid of you and, k f;, Id, ~~1~ 11iat s n, ),otJ! I wish chat I co~ wor or you,' replied the monkey., , ,1~, , know the, ,na~e on, lion! Let~ go ;nd s~e those silly animals and make sure theythe, well ., , ey. oget er, they started down the path towa rds, bed his leg, crtJC 'had only go,ne a few st~ps down the path, when the monkey grab, g with you?' ask ed t he 1.ion. , I stepped on a sharp roe k· f, 111eYcried· 'Wha ts wron, ,, alf, indafraid that I can t walk b~ck with you,' said the monkey. 'You have to tell, I could make it if you, af11 nirnals chat you are afraid of me,' said the lion. 'Well, ', b k ' .d, ·d, hea, d and the monk ey, c Id let me rt e on your ac ' sai the monkey. The lion agree, ,Noellonto the lion's back. They continued down the path., t is, go had only gone a few steps more, when the monkey cried out ' 'Wha, · out of the saddle It would help ·,f, · of falling, n,ey ?' growle d t he 1·,on. 'I am afraid, ·, , ., ., wron g·, ey tie some, monk, the, d, helpe, lion, The, ey., d something to hold, cned the monk, k 'Th . ., ., I ha, ts is much better. Let's go ' 'said the monkey., .vines around his nee •, They had gone ~ fe~ more steps when t~e monkey again cried out. 'Wha t's it, to swat, now?' said the lion. There are a lot of flies around here. I need something, it to the, hem away,' said the monkey. The lion got a large leafy branch and gave, ~onkey. 'Thank you, lion, this will help,' said the monkey., high in the, As the monkey and the lion got close to the well, the monkey sat up, , ' HEY!, saddle, grabbed the vines, swatted 1the lion with the leafy branch and yelled, past, HEY!' The lion was so surprised that he began to run so fast that he ran right, no time to, the well where all the animals had gathered. 'Come on you lazy lion, it's, rest!' yelled the monkey., As they, All the animals started to lau,gh as they saw the monkey on the lion's back., . The, went past the well, the monkey swung off the lion's back and onto the trees, never, laughter of the animals rang in the ears of the lion, as he ran down the path, to come back., , ,coh ' said the mon, , 1, , :, , u.