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1. (a) Which kind of garbage is not converted into, compost by the redworms?, (b) Have you seen any other organism besides, redworms, in your pit? If yes, try to find out their, names. Draw pictures of these., Ans:, (a) Garbage substances like broken glass,, aluminium wrappers, plastic items, polythene, bags, which are non-biodegradable cannot be, converted into compost by the redworms., (b) Yes, saprophytic organisms such as moulds, (white, black or greyish cottony patches) and, bacteria (which can be seen under microscope), that help in decomposing biodegradable, substances., 2. Discuss:, (a) Is garbage disposal the responsibility only of, the government?, (b) Is it possible to reduce the problems relating, to disposal of garbage?, Ans:, (a) Along with government and local municipality, corporations, it is also the duty of every citizen to, help in garbage disposal.A clean environment is, necessary to keep us healthy and also to avoid, spread of diseases.We should throw garbage at, proper places, such as dustbins so that
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Safai Karamcharis cam collect the garbage easily., (b) It is possible to reduce the problems relating to, disposal of garbage, if we adopt the following, means:, (i) The garbage should be thrown at proper places., It should not be thrown ‘ on streets, roads, parks,, etc., (ii) The part of the garbage that can be reused, should be separated from the one that cannot be, used. The non-useful components should be, disposed off at landfill areas., (iii) Follow the rule of Three R’s:, A. Reduce: Use the things in minimum amount, which is necessary to fulfil your requirement., B. Recycle: The things such as plastic, paper,, glass and metals separated from the garbage may, be recycle to make new things instead of dumping, them along with other wastes., C. Reuse: It means use of things again and again., For example, plastic bottles of jam or pickle can be, used for storing things in the kitchen., 3. (a) What do you do with the left over food at, home?, (b) If you and your friends are given the choice of, eating in a plastic plate or a banana leaf plotter at, a party, which one would you prefer and why?, Ans:, (a) Left over food at home along with other kitchen
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waste like vegetable peel, paper are dumped into, compost pit to convert them into manure. Later on, manure is used to grow plants., (b) We will select banana leaf platter because it, can be easily converted into manure by, composting., Plastic plate can be recycled but in this process it, gives out harmful gases which pollute the, environment. Plastic items cannot be converted, into manure by composting., 4. (a) Collect pieces of different kinds of paper., Find out which of these can be recycled,, (b) With the help of a lens look at the pieces of, paper you collected for the above question. Do, you see any difference in the material of recycled, paper and a new sheet of paper?, Ans:, (a) Pieces of papers obtained from newspaper,, notebooks, magazines, etc. can be recycled., Plastic coated and shiny papers cannot be, recycled easily., (b) The surface of recycled paper is rough whereas, surface of new sheet of paper is smooth., 5. (a) Collect different kinds of packaging, material. What was the purpose for which each, one mas used? Discuss in groups., (b) Give an example in which packaging could
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have been reduced., (c) Write a story on how packaging increases the, amount of garbage., Ans:, (a) Packaging materials like thermocole, foam, sheets, paper cuttings, card board, jute are used to, protect the articles.Card boxes, plastic containers, and tin containers are used to facilitate, transportation of the packed materials., (b) Packaging of toys, clothes, shoes, chocolates, can be reduced., (c) We use packaging materials to protect the, articles and also to make package good- looking., For example, to give a gift on birthday, the gift is, packed and wrapped in a shiny paper or plasticcoated paper. After use the packing material is, thrown in dustbin. Similarly, plastic bags, cans,, aluminium foils, plastic or aluminium cans and, other packaging materials are used and thrown, out after use., Many things such as ghee, refined oil, soaps,, detergents and most of eatable goods are sold in, small packets., All the above said measures can help in reducing, the amount of garbage due to packing., 6. Do you think it is better to use compost instead, of chemical fertilisers? Why?, Ans: Because:
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1. Compost is eco-friendly and harmless. It, maintains the texture and fertility of the, soil.Chemical fertilisers destroy the natural, composition of soil and have adverse, effect on human health., 2. Composting helps in recycling of matter, and also in disposal of garbage. Leaching, of chemical fertilisers causes water, pollution and death of aquatic organisms., 3. The production of compost is easy, cheap, and harmless whereas production of, chemical fertilisers is costly and, problematic., Class 6 Science Chapter 16 MULTIPLE CHOICE, QUESTIONS, Choose the correct option:, 1. Landfill are is a/an:, (a) open area, (b) high lying open area, (c) open area near a river/lake, (d) low lying open area, 2. The rotting of garbage is said to be completed, when the garbage:, (a) rot completely and not smell, (b) rot almost completely, but still smell bad, (c) rot only partially, (d) not change at all
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3. Which of the set of items not good for making, compost?, (a) Plastic paper, tin foil, wrappers, (b) Broken plastic toys, polythene bags, pieces of, clothes, (c) Egg shells, vegetable and fruit peels and tea, leaves, (d) Aluminium wrappers, plastic bags and dry, leaves, 4. Which of the following animals are used for, making compost?, (a) Redworms, (b) House fly, (c) Cockrach, (d) Mosquitoes, 5. Leaves falling from trees should be:, (a) dumped in landfill areas, (b) dried and burnt, (c) used in making compost, (d) dumped near the ponds and takes, Ans:, 1. (d), 2. (a), 3. (c), 4. (a), 5. (c), Class 6 Science Chapter 16 VERY SHORT, ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
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1. What is a landfill?, Ans: A low-lying open area is called landfill., 2. What are blue coloured bins used for?, Ans: Blue bins are used for collecting materials, that can be recycled., 3. Give example of material that can be used, again., Ans: Plastics, metals and glass., 4. What type of garbage is thrown in green bins?, Ans: Kitchen and other plants or animals wastes., 5. Define composting., Ans: The rotting and conversion of some materials, into manure is called composting., 6. Explain the term vermicomposting., Ans: The method of preparing compost with the, help of redworms is called vermicomposting., 7. What are redworms?, Ans: Redworms are a type of earthworms which, help in preparing compost from the kitchen wastes, and parts of plants or animals., Class 6 Science Chapter 16 SHORT ANSWER, TYPE QUESTIONS
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1. What do you mean by composting?, Ans: The garbage containing plant and animal, wastes, waste food, when left as such in pits or, heaps is acted upon by bacteria, fungus-like, organisms causing rotting. Rotting leads to the, formation of manure. It is conversion of complex, molecules into simple molecules which can be, used by plants for growth and development. Thus,, rotting and conversion of some organic materials, into manure is called composting., 2. List waste products produced from an industry., Ans: The waste products produced from an, industry are:, 1. Chemicals, 2. Smoke, 3. Ash, 4. Empty containers such as glass bottles,, plastic articles, wrappers., 5. Plastic bags, 6. Broken things, iron or other metals, 3. What will happen if garbage is left open in bin?, Ans: (i) Garbage will rot and bad smell will spread, all around the surroundings., (ii) Garbage will become breeding spot for flies,, mosquitoes and other disease- causing small
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organisms., (iii) Due to flies, mosquitoes and other organisms, many diseases will spread in the community., (iv) Rotting garbage may cause air pollution and, spread of respiratory disease such as breathing, problems., Class 6 Science Chapter 16 LONG ANSWER TYPE, QUESTIONS, 1. What are the demerits of plastic?, Ans: Demerits of plastic:, (i) Plastics give out harmful gases upon heating or, burning. These gases may cause many health, problems, including cancer in humans., (ii) Some people often fill garbage in plastic bags, and throw it away in open. When stray animals, look for food in these bags, they swallow plastic, bags along with food. Sometimes, they die due to, this., (iii) The plastic bags thrown away carelessly on, roads and other places get into drains and the, sewer system., These plastic bags choke the drains. As a result, dirty water spills on road. It causes spread of bad, smell and diseases., 2. Why should we be careful in using plastic bags, to store cooked food items?
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Ans:, (i) Sometimes the plastic bags may not be suitable, for keeping eatables.Consuming food packed in, such plastic bags could be harmful to our health., (ii) Many a time shopkeepers use plastic bags that, have been used earlier for other purpose., (iii) Sometimes bags collected by rag pickers are, also used after washing them. Use of such, recycled plastic bags to keep food items could be, harmful for our health. So, shopkeepers can be, stressed upon the use of plastic bags approved by, the authorities., 3. Explain one way of recycling of waste paper., Ans: One way to recycle the waste papers is as, given below:, 1. Collect old newspapers, magazines, used, notebooks, envelopes and tom out used, papers., 2. Make small pieces of paper of these items, and put them in a bucket or any other, container submerged in water for one or, two days., 3. Make thick paste of wet paper by pounding, it. Spread the waste paste on the wire, mesh fixed to the frame. You can use a, large-sized seive in place of a frame.
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4. Pat the layer of paste gently to make the, layer of the paste as uniform as possible., You may spread an old cloth or a sheet of, newspaper on the paste to soak up the, extra water., Remove the layer of paste from the frame and, spread it on a sheet of newspaper in the sun. Put, some weight on the comers of the newspaper so, that these do not curl up., You can decorate the paper by adding food, colours, dried leaves, flower petals or pieces of, coloured paper in the paste., This will help you to get a recycled paper with, beautiful patterns on it., 4.What can we do to reduce overuse of plastics?, Ans:, 1. Re-use of the plastic bags whenever it is, possible to do so without any adverse, affects. Neglect re-use of plastic bags for, storage or storage of food items to store, food items., 2. Insist shopkeepers to use paper bags or, jute bags to carry goods purchased,, 3. Do not use plastic bags, especially to store, eatables., 4. Do not throw plastic bags.
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5. Don’t fill plastic bags with wastes of plants, and animals, such as peels of vegetables, and fruits, egg shells, bone pieces of, animals, and throw them here and there in, open places., Animals may eat such plastic bags for the, sake of food items. Later on these cause, death of animals such as cow. buffaloes,, dogs and other stray animals. These, plastic bags, sometimes suffocate them or, choke the alimentary canal which causes, indigestion of food and elimination of, undigested food., 6. Do not bum plastic bags and other plastic, items because they emit harmful gases.
