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:, , , , A word can perform different functions in different situations of the sentence. The same word, could be a noun, adjective, verb or adverb in different sentences. The work that a word does in, a sentence determines what part of speech it is in that sentence., , The same word may be used as several different parts of speech :, , Ex. : Water the plants in the kitchen garden. (verb), Don’t waste water. : (noun), We shall go to see the wate “fall, (adjective), Nouns Used as Verbs, A word that is usually a noun can also be used as a verb depending on how that word is used., , However, the words have been put to so many uses that it is difficult to say which is a real, noun ora real verb., , & A. Note the two words in bold letters in each sentence. Then underline which of, them is a noun:, , 1. The drains get plugged every time the worker drains the pools., , 2. Is it a good trade when you trade your new shoes for a second-hand cap?, 3. There must be a brave and intelligent guard to successfully guard our estate,, 4, , . You can’t delay the trip any longer, it will be cancelled if there is any further, delay. A, , Please don’t use too much water when you water the lawn., , , , oy, , 6. We'll tréasure our memories of the quest even though we never found any, , , , buried treasure. a, 7. The dance would be more successful if everyone‘would dance., Nouns Used as Adjectives, A word that is usually a noun can also be used as an adjective depending on how that word is, Used,, \y, , B. Underline the noun that have been used as an adjective :, , 1. Fresh orange juice is a healthy drink., 2. This baby likes a cucumber sandwich., 3. How could you use a glue stick as lipstick ? De ih, 83 wf 1, a

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Verbs Used as Nouns, , can, , A, Far, , 10. This rowing permit will permit you to do your rowing in any of our, , Eos, , . Underline the word that is used a, , 4. Remind Mandy to stop eating cat food !, 5. Sophie is fond of buying glass bowls of di, 6. The pickle jar was placed on the higher shelf., 7. Keep paper towels to wipe her runny nose., , fferent designs., , . ¢ rd i sed., also be used as a oui) depending on how that word is usc, , Note the two words in bold in each sentence. Then underline which of them is, , a verb :, 1. can't cover the pot until I find the cover., , 2. Did someone use dye to colour this yellow paper, , age ?, 3. Peter knew what question to ask first when it was his turn to question the, , suspect., , 4. His old pick up truck is big enough to truck all the parts to the site in one, trip., , 5, Did I dream about you ? It was more like a ni, , or did it actually yellow wit,, , ght mare than a dream ?, , 5 two different parts of speech. Write N, V or, A for the noun, verb or adjective respectively :, , _, , 1. I will win honestly or the win will be of no value., 2. This puzzle will puzzle you if you don’t think harder than you usually think., 3.‘A paper tiger can’t roar,-Mary declared as she put down her paper and listened, to the roar of the ocean. ., , She will design a sifver cup with a cool design engraved into the cilver, , I'll show you how to display your food at the Goad chal ~~, , I'll say that there is a remote chance pf finding the remote under the coach., , Do you plan tosell your flavoured health drink at discount to members of the, company's health plan ?, 8. The loud talking in the audience didn’t both o ing was ?, isothcr ’ er me, the loud snoring W, ade., , 9. Julie won't trade toys with you unless the toys you offer allow for a fair trac, private, , Nao sR, , lakes.

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TT, , Punctuation marks are used to express various stops and marks as to impart sense and stress, and thus to make the meaning of a sentence or passage clearer., , We use punctuation marks to add meaning to our writing. They make writing, reading and, speaking clearer., , The principal stops and marks are, , 1, Comma (,) 2. Semicolon (;) 3. Colon (:) +. Quotation marks (“”) 5. Full stop or period (.), , 6. Question mark (?) 7. Exclamation mark (!) 8. Apostrophe (’) 9. Hyphen (-) 10. Dash (—), , 1. Comma (,), , The comma represents the shortest pause (or stop) within a sentence. It is used :, , (i) To separate a list of items i.e. two or more words of the same part of speech :, , I bought tomatoes, potatoes, brinjals, spinach, and onions. (Nouns), Alice is wise, prudent, intelligent, and tactful. (Adjectives), Sophie writes neatly, legibly and correctly. (Adverbs), , Notice that a comma is included before the conjunction ‘and’ which comes before the, final item (after three or more than three items) of a list., , (ii) When words of the same class go together in pair, they are separated by a comma :, Rich and poor, young and old, high and low, all must die one day., , By day or night, at home or abroad, he is a source of constant anxiety to his, mother., , (iii) To mark off short coordinate clauses :, Steam elevates, lowers, pulls, pumps, drains, drives, propels ete., , (iv) Before nouns or pronouns in apposition/to give extra information about the subject of, the sentence :, , My only sister, who is a fantastic tennis player, is also a great singer., (v) To introduce a direct speech (quote) :, , She said, “I am a tennis player.”, ‘) To separate phrases or clauses, especially after beginning a dependent clause or a long, , prepositional phrase :, The Sun having set, they all went home., , 1 order to qualify for the match, we had to play with ten tcams over a period ot, , three weeks, , He is, after all, my best friend cm, € Is, alter all, my be 85., , , , ae ee

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r Yam, Le, , (vii) After the nominative of address :, , @% «00, \, , Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your cars., see ' : } y se ance:, (viii) After words like yes, no and however that begin a senten, Yes, [ will help you., , However, I received your letter last week., , x A. Insert commas where necessary in the following sentences :, , 1. I sold some apples,bananas and oranges., , 2. He too,is my friend., , 3. Of course, you can join our party., , 4. No,I will not lend any more money., , 5. I want more salad, please., , 6. We visited Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Hong wang and Shanghai., , 7. Sir,I would rather be a member than be the President., , 8, The leaves, as we shall see immediately are the feeders of the plants., , 9. Very well you may go now,1 shall consult your teacher and do whatever is, , possible., , 10. From mfoning till noon,from noon to evening, from evening to midnight.,this, , grief never leaves me., 2. Semi-coton (;), , Semi-colon indicates a longer pause than a comma. It is also used to separate word groups :, , She wants a car; one that has an automatic lock and power steering., , 3. Coton (:), Colon indicates a longer pause than a semi-colon., Bacon said : Education makes a man knowledgeable., , 4. Quotation Marks (“ ”), , Quotation marks are inverted commas which indicate the beginning and end of a quotation or, of the actual words used by the speaker., , Scholars say, “A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.”, , 5. Full Stop or Period (.), , ! ull stop represents the longest pause (stop). It indicates the close of a complete assertive OT, imperative sentence, The sentence may be short or long, , Open the window,, , . It is very hot today., a

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6 OO) PO 0. ee [pg @4, , Full stop or period is also used to mark abbreviations a, , nd initials :, UN.O,, B.A., B.S., W. Churchil, , of the word :, Mr,, Mrs., Dr, or Mr, Mrs, Dr (in current English) A, 6. Question Mark (?) z 4, , Question mark is used at the end of a direct question, How long have you been waiting here ? :, , 7. Exclamation Mark (!), , Exclamation mark is used after In, emotion or wish :, , terjection and after phrases and sentences expressing sudden, , Alas ! Ah! Hush ! What a charming scenery !, How are the mighty fallen in the battle ! { ;, 8. Apostrophe (’) ‘, , Apostrophe ()) indicates possession. It is also used in contractions., This is John’s ball., , Won't you eat this cake ?, , 9. Hyphen (-), , Hyphen (-) is used in compound words,, Her mother-in-law is a well-educated lady., , 10. Dash (—), , Dash (—) is used to indicate a break in a sentence. E, , (would not = won't), , T have three pets — a dog, a cat and a rabbit., , Capital Letters, Capital letters are used to begin sentences, proper nouns, initials and titles,, , Lisa is Monica’s friend., UN. (United Nations), US. (United States), U.K. (United Kingdom), Independence Day, French Revolution, World War II. j, , B. Rewrite these sentences using punctuation marks and capital letters where, necessary : 2 !, , 1, Sophie bought a table,a chair and a stool., 2. What do you want 7, , 3, Gh|that is great news. ' 87 eo