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We have food for, To acquire immunity, To achieve growth and body building, To get the energy needed to do different types of work, For smooth functioning of each body part, , •, •, •, •, , Nutrients needed by the body, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fat, Vitamins, minerals, , Non Nutrient Factors needed by the body, 1. Water, 2. fibres, , 1.Carbohydrate, •, , Carbohydrate is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, , •, , Its chief function is to provide energy for physiological activities., , •, , Starch,sugar, glucose and cellulose are different forms of carbohydrate., , •, , Carbohydrate is present in plenty in cereals and tubers in the form of starch., , ., Experiment note 1, Aim:To find out food materials which are rich in starch., Materials required:, , Test tube, rice gruel (Kanjivellam), diluted iodine solution., Procedure:, , Take some rice gruel in a test tube. Add 2-3 drops of iodine solution, to it.
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Observation: A deep blue colour is formed, Inference: A deep blue colour is formed when starch, reacts with iodine solution., , 2.Protein, • Protein is a major food constituent that helps the development and growth, of the body., • Protein is essential for the formation of cells, hair, digestive, juice etc., in the body., • Protein produces energy in the absence of carbohydrates., • Protein contains hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur., • In accordance with the body weight, one should obtain protein from diet at the, rate of 1 gram per kilogram., • Deficiency of protein leads to retardation of growth, , Kwashiorkar, , Kwashiorkar is a disease caused by the, deficiency of protein.The body of affected, Will be weak and with a protruded belly, , Experiment note 2, Aim: To prove that egg is rich in protein, Materials required:, , Copper sulphate,water, sodium hydroxide, dropper, beaker,egg white, test tube., Procedure:, , Add water to egg white and stir it well. Take it up to a quarter of a test tube. Add 8-10, drops of 1% concentrated sodium hydroxide to it. Stir it and add 2 drops of 1%, concentrated copper sulphate solution to it, Observation:. violet colour appears in the testube., Inference:. The appearance of violet colour indicates the presence of protein., , • 3. Fat, • Fat is one of the food constituents required by our body in small quantities., • Meat, fish, milk, milk products, egg, different kinds of peas etc., contain fat., Different kinds of oils and ghee are fats extracted from many food items.
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•, , Fat also provides energy like carbohydrates., , •, , Certain vitamins dissolve only in fat., To get these vitamins, it is essential to include fat in our diet., How can we detect the presence of fat in food items?, , Rub any food item on a paper . If the paper is oily even after it is dried we may, conclude that the food contain, Fat and cholesterol, Cholesterol is one form of fat. Besides obtaining from food, the body also, produces cholesterol. If the level of cholesterol becomes high, it adheres to, the inner walls of the blood vessels and prevents the flow of blood. This, leads to cardiac diseases. Hence taking excessive fatty food is not advisable., , 4.Vitamins, Vitamins and minerals are nutrient factors that are inevitable for proper health and the, smooth functioning of physiological activities. They are required only in small, quantities. Fruits, vegetables, milk, egg, etc., are the store houses of vitamins and, minerals., , Fat soluble Vitamins, Vitamins Sources, , uses, , A, , Carrot ,Amaranthus,liver,milk products,pea, leves taro leaves,moringa leaves., , Health of skin, hair and eye, etc, , D, , Synthesized in the body from sunlight., Milk products., , Health of bone and teeth, and the absorption of, calcium and phosphorus., , E, , Vegetable Oils, , Health of nerves and red, blood cells., , k, , Cabbage,Amaranthus,Cauliflower, , Help in the clotting of, bloods in wounds., , Water soluble vitamins, B, , Bran of cereals,egg,milk,taro leaves, , Utilization of carbohydrates, and protein in the body,, formation of red blood, cells,health of skin.
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C, , Fruits, gooseberry,, moringa leaves, papaya., , Health of the skin, teeth, gum, and blood cells, , Infants those who have not take food items are exposed to mild sunlight for a, short time. Why?, Infants those who have not take food items are exposed to mild sunlight for a short, time. Because, by doing this vitamin D will be produced by the skin which will help, in the health of the bones, Why fruits and vegetables should be kept covered while cooking?, When fruit and vegetables are cooked, the vitamin C in them disolves in steam. It, goes out of the vessel with the steam. So it is better to cover the vessel while cooking, them., , 5.Minerals, Minerals, , Role, , Main sources, , Iron, , Synthesis of haemoglobin, in, blood, , Leafy vegetables,, seed of pumpkin,, horse gram, jaggery,, liver, , Calcium,, Phosphorus, , For the formation of bones Banana, tapioca,, and teeth, and the, yam, leafy vegetables,, functioning, milk products., of muscles and nerves., , Sodium, , Retains water, needed in the body., , Common salt, , For the proper functioning Sea foods, iodized, of the thyroid gland, and, salt, head of sea, for, fish., mental development., , Common salt, , The deficiency of which element causes anaemia in a child?, Iron, What are the health hazards caused by the lack of leafy vegetables in, the diet?, Lack of blood,health problems to bones, teeth, gum, muscles, nerve, skin, eye, hair, etc, , Nutrient Deficiency Diseases, The deficiency of nutrients causes retardation of growth and many other, diseases. Such diseases are called nutrient deficiency diseases.
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Nutrient factor, , Deficiency Disease, , Symptom, , Vitamin A, , Night Blindness, , Difficulty to see in dim, light, , Vitamin B, , Mouth sores, , Lesions in the mouth, , Vitamin C, , Scurvy, , Pus and bleeding of gums, , Vitamin D, , Rickets, , Bones become brittle and, bend, , Iron, , Anaemia, , Lack of blood, paleness, , Iodine, , Goitre, , Swelling in the throat, , Non-nutrient factors, Non-nutrient factors like water and fibre are also to be included in the diet, besides nutrient factors., Water, acts as the medium for many physiological activities including digestion. About 2.5, litres of water is lost from our body through urine, sweat etc. So a large quantity of, pure water has to be drunk., Fibre, Fibres are a kind of carbohydrate which are available in vegetarian food and cannot, be digested by the body. They are mainly composed of cellulose. Though they, provide no nutrients to the body, they help in the movement of excretory materials in, the large intestine. Cereals containing bran, leafy vegetables, vegetables, stem and, bud of the plantain, etc., are very rich sources of fibre., What are the problems caused by the excessive intake of food made of maida, flour which contains very little fibre?, Maida is produced from the inner part of the wheat. So there is no fibre in it.Further, it is sticky in nature. So excessive intake of food made by maida flour will badly, affect the motion of excretory materials in the large intestine., , Balanced diet, Food that contains all nutrients in required quantities is termed as balanced diet., Examine the food charts prepared by three students., Time, , Anil, , Mini, , Sinan, , Morning, , Idli, Sambar, Milk, , Parotta, Egg Curry, Milk, , Idli, Chutney, , Noon, , Rice, Peas Curry, , Rice, Chicken Curry, , Rice, Fish Curry
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Night, , Amaranthus, Fish, , Sambar, , Banana, Chappathi, Vegetable Kuruma, , Chappathi, Potato Curry, , Chappathi, Egg Curry, , Whose food chart is more balanced? Why?, Anil’s food chart is more balanced.It contains food materials for, carbohydrates,protein,fat,vitamins and minerals.Mini has not included fruits.Further, vegetable items are not sufficient,In the case of Sinan ,he has included lesser, vegetable and no fruits.So Mini and Sinan will not get sufficient vitamins and, minerals from their menu., , Let us assess, s, 1. Arrange the nutrients given below based on the quantity in which they are required, (from higher amount to lower)., [Protein, Minerals, Carbohydrate, Fat, Answer : Carbohydrate, , Protein, , Fat, , Minerals, , 2. Analyse the two statements. What is your inference?, , The statement of the boy is correct. The Indian Medical Research Council, recommends that an adult, 3. Prepare a questionnaire to conduct an interview with a doctor to get more, information about deficiency diseases.
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1. Which are the nutrients that are most essential for health?, 2. Which are the common deficiency diseases you have seen among your patients?, 3. Is there any health problems caused by the excess intake of any vitamins and, minerals?, 4. I don’t like vegetables and leafy vegetables at all. So can I take vitamin tablets, regularly instead of them?, 5.Can you suggest a low cost balanced food chart?, 6. Some food items like papaya, banana etc. are used both as fruits and vegetables. In, such cases which is rich in vitamins?, 7. Can I improve my intelligence by using any special food items?, 8. How much grams of fruits shall I take a day?Indian should consume 295 g of, vegetables per day to get enough vitamins and minerals.
