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CHAPTER, 8, Canals, labus:, CANALS - Classification of canals according to alignment and, position in the canal network. Cross section of canal in, embankment and cutting, partial embankment and cutting., balancing depth. Design of most economical canal section., Canal lining- Purpose, material used and its properties., Advantages of canal lining., CD works- Aqueduct, siphon aqueduct, super passage, level, crossing, Canal regulators-Head regulator, Cross regulator, Escape, Falls, and Oulets., Canal maintenance., Water logging- Causes, effects and Measures., Statistical Analysis, MSBTE Papers Marks allotted for this Chapters, Winter 2008, 22 Marks, Summer 2009, 20 Marks, Winter 2009, 12 Marks, Summer 2010, 20 Marks, Winter 2010, 22 Marks, Summer 2011, 16 Marks, Winter 2011, 24 Marks, Summer 2012, 24 Marks, Winter 2012, 24 Marks, Winter 2013, 24 Marks
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parallel to the contours of area is known as contour canals, means head loss is less and smaller loss of discharge, plan and fixing it on the ground. Therefore alignment should, Classity various iigation canals. Explain canals according to, constructed to carry water to the fields for irigation either from river, The length of canal should be minimum as shorter the lengh, have given more concentration while fixing it. It should be done, Canal alignment is the location of the centre line of canal in, It is the name given to ditch or drain or trench which, 8-2, Y Irigation Engg. (MSBTE), Candly, 8.1, Canals:, tank or diversion weir., 8.2 Canal Alignment:, Q., their alignment., W-12, it, in such way that it should irrigates maximum area., The alignment should be such that it has minimum, drainage work and it should be such that cutting and filling d, soil will balance., Classification of canals based on alignment:, aleyishA litene, The canals classification based on alignment are as follows :, (1) Contour canal, (2) Ridge canal, (3) Side long / or side slope, 8.2.1, Contour Canals :, are aligned generally along contours. The canal taking d
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8-3, Canals, no falls, ontour canal can irrigate only one side as ground level as, otherside is quite high., length., To contour canals longitudinal slope is given to enable the, water to flow by gravity., C.D.W= Cross Drainage Work, %3D, River, Contour canal, C.D.W, Weir, C.D.W, Tributary Side slope, Tributary, canal, Ridge canal, Fig. 8.2.1: Cross drainage work, 8.2.2 Ridge Canal / Ridge Alignment :, 834 P, It is also called as watershed canal. These types of canals are, generally laid along ridge or natural watershed line as canal, runs on watershed it can irrigate on both sides and thus irigates, area on both sides.
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These canals runs nearly parallel to natural drain similar to, In this type of alignment canal is not aligned along either ridge, These canals are very economical. No cross drainage work, 8-4, Irigation Engg (MSBTE), required., Drainage, Higher ground, Canal, Drainage, Ridge line, Fig. 8.2.2: Ridge canal, 8.2.3 Side Slope Canals:, or contour but it is aligned across contour., contour canal. It also irrigates areas on only one side., These types of canals are not intercepted by cross, drainage, work., 8.3 Parts of Canal System :, (1) Main canal, (2) Branch canal, (3) Major distributor, (4) Minor distributor, (5) Water course, (6) Head work, 8.3.1, Main Canal :, normally done from main canal.
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8-5, Canals, River, Head regulator, Branch, Minor, Diversion, Md work, canal, Branch, canal, Minor, <4, Major, Minor, Major, Minor, Minor-, Minor, Major, Fig. 8.3.1: Canal distribution system, 132 Branch Canal :, It is canal takes off from main canal on either side. Very little, direct irigation is done from them., These canals act as a feeder canals for major or minor, distributor. The discharge capacity of branch canal is usually, varies from 5 to 25 cumec., It helps to make irigation water available in different parts for, distribution., 8.3.3 Major Distributor (Rajbaha) :, It generally takes off from main canal which supplies water to, other distributaries., The discharge capacity of major distributaries varies from 0.25, to 5 cumec in some cases it may be 10 cumecs., These are generally used for direct irrigation and their main, function is to distribute water to water courses.
