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St. Xavier’s School ICSE, Arrah, Session 2021 – 2022, Online class Pdf, SUBJECT: English Grammar, , DATE: 05.02.2022, , CLASS: 5, , Chapter-30, , CONTENT:,  DIRECT SPEECH = When you report the exact words as used by the speaker, it is said to, be in direct speech., INDIRECT SPEECH = When the exact words of the speaker are not reported (but the, meaning is kept the same while reporting) it is said to be in indirect speech.,  Eg. Raman said,” I am going for dance class.” (Direct speech), Raman said that he was going for dance class. (Indirect speech), Point to remember, 1. If reporting verb is in present tense, then there is no change in reported speech., Eg. The teacher says,” The class is going for a picnic on Monday.”, The teachers says that the class is going for a picnic on Monday., 2. If reporting verb is in past tense, then the reported speech will change into past, tense., Eg. He said,” I am not well today.”, He said that he was not well that day., 3. If ‘said to’, ‘say to’ or ‘will say to’ is used in the reporting verb then it will change into, ‘told, tell or will tell’, respectively., Eg. Rani said to Ram,” I have a beautiful dress for the party.”, Rani told Ram that she had a beautiful dress for the party., 4. There will be no change in the reported speech if it is universal truth., 5. The pronouns in the exact words of the speaker usually change when written in, indirect speech., 6. If the reporting sentence is in question form ,then ‘asked’ can used for reported, speech and if the reporting sentence is in request form , the ‘requested’ can used for, the reported speech.

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St. Xavier’s School ICSE, Arrah, Session 2021 – 2022, Online class Pdf,  To change the verb in direct speech into indirect speech, DIRECT SPEECH, Present simple, (Subject +V1 + Object), , INDIRECT SPEECH, Past simple, (Subject +V2 + Object), , Present continuous, (Subject +is/am/are+V1 +ing+ Object), , Past Continuous, (Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object), , Present perfect, (Subject + has/have+V3+Object), , Past perfect, (Subject+had+V3+Object), , Past simple, (Subject+V2+Object), , Past perfect, (Subject+had+V3+Object), , Past Continuous, (Subject +was/were+V1 +ing+ Object), , Past perfect continuous, (Subject +had been+V1 +ing+ Object), , Future simple, (Subject+ will/shall+V1+object), , Future Present Conditional, (Subject+ would+V1+object), , Future Continuous, (Subject +will/shall+be+V1 +ing+ Object), , Future Conditional Continuous, (Subject +would+be+V1 +ing+ Object), ,  To change the place and time in direct speech into indirect speech, DIRECT SPEECH, , INDIRECT SPEECH, , Here, Today, Tomorrow, Last week, This, Tonight, Come, I, We, You, These, Yesterday, Ago, Will, , There, That day, The next day, The previous week, That, That night, Go, I / He / She, They, He / She, Those, The previous day / the day before, Before, Would

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St. Xavier’s School ICSE, Arrah, Session 2021 – 2022, Online class Pdf, Examples, Simple present, "I always drink coffee", she said, Present continuous, "I am reading a book", he explained., Simple past, "Bill arrived on Saturday", he said., Present perfect, "I have been to Spain", he told me., Past perfect, "I had just turned out the light," he explained., Present perfect continuous, They complained, "We have been waiting for hours"., Past continuous, "We were living in Paris", they told me., Future, "I will be in Geneva on Monday", he said., Future continuous, She said, "I'll be using the car next Friday"., , Simple past, She said that she always drank coffee., Past continuous, He explained that he was reading a book, Past perfect, He said that Bill had arrived on Saturday., Past perfect, He told me that he had been to Spain., Past perfect, He explained that he had just turned out the light., Past perfect continuous, They complained that they had been waiting for, hours., Past perfect continuous, They told me that they had been living in Paris., Present conditional, He said that he would be in Geneva on Monday., Conditional continuous, She said that she would be using the car next Friday., ,  HOMEWORK: Do Exercise C & D in your grammar notecopy., Ex C., 1. Roma said, “It is raining today.”, 2. They said to the boy, “You are too small to play with us.”, 3. She said, “The wind is blowing softly.”, 4. The policeman said, “I catch criminals.”, 5. Mona said to Roma, “Meeta is sad today.”, Ex D., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , The bird tell the ant that they are friends now., The old man told him that he knew him., The boy told his friend that his kite was flying high in the sky., Mamta told her aunt that it was raining there., My mother would told her that she is a good girl.