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CHAPTER — 7, , FRACTIONS, (Refer to chapter # 1, 2, 4 and 5 of the NCERT book of class FZ, , 1, Whole thing is represented as 1., 2; A fraction indicates one or more equal parts of a whole., , , , This is a whole. It is written as 1., , , , If we divide the whole into 2 equal, parts. Each part is called one-half., , , , , , ‘salt 1, It is written as >., , , , If we divide the whole into 3 equal, parts, each part is called one-third., , , , , , , , . 1, It is written as rs, , , , If we divide the whole into 4 equal, parts, each part is called one-fourth or, , , , , , , , , , , , , , . 1, a quarter. It is written as Zz, , 3. The numbers such as quarter, half, one-fifth, two-thirds are called Fractional, , , , 112, , numbers and their symbols (4.4.2.2) are called Fractions., , A fraction has two parts - (a) numerator and a denominator. For example :, , , , , , , : is read as 3 by, 5 or 3 upon 5, , , , In ; the number 3 is called, , numerator and 5 is called, denominator, , , , , Scanned with CamScanner
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10., , 11., 12., , 16, The form 16+3 can be written as 3, , Every whole number can be written as a fraction by putting 1 in place of denomina, 7 16, tor. e.g. 77 lee, , Fractions with the same denominator are called Like fractions., , 256, , For example : TTT, Fractions with different denominators are called Unlike fractions. For example, , 1135, , 2'4'8'7°, , 11, Fractions with numerator 1 are called Unit fractions. For example : a7, A fraction whose numerator is smaller than its denominator is called a Proper, 37 4, , fraction. For example : 4°9' 42°, , A fraction whose numerator is equal to or greater than its denominator is called, an Improper fraction. For example : ue, , 9° 7°, , 5 is a mixed fraction and can be expressed as, , 2 + 2, s, , (whole number) (a fraction), , To convert an improper fraction Into a mixed fi, , 1c fraction divide numerator, by the denominator, For example : =, , 7 =18+7, Now, express the result as (uorienr + Remainder, 4 Divisor, ie. 242, 7, , Scanned with CamScanner
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18 4 4, —=24+—=2—, So. 5 7 7, . Before changing an improper fraction to a mixed number, change it to its, lowest terms., , To convert a mixed fraction into an improper fraction :, 53 _ (2*5)+3 _13, , 5 5 5, 13. | Standard/ Lowest/ Simplest form of a fraction is that form in which the, 6. 7 A, numerator and denominator have no factor in common. For example : B'o's", , . To convert the given fraction in its standard/ lowest/ simplest form, divide, , both numerator and denominator by the common factors one by one., , , , For example :, 72 72+12, 9% 9612, 6, = 8, 6+2_3, * 822 4, , 14. — Equivalent Fractions : Two or more fractions which represent the same part of, , the whole are called equivalent fractions., 1 23 ; :, For example : 246 are equivalent fraction., , ~S°, , SN, , s, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , QOlwo s/h Mw], , 15. Comparison of two fractions :, (i) If the given fractions have like denominator and unlike numerator, compare, the two numerators. Greater numerator implies greater fraction. e.g., § 5, , 2 : 2, =, => — j pant, 7 7 7 is greater than 7, , Scanned with CamScanner
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(ii) If the given fractions have like numerator and unlike denominator, compare, the two denominators. Smaller denominator implies greater fraction. e.g., , 7 7, , i. = 9 is greater than lr, (iii) if the given fractions have unlike numerators and denominators, make, either numerators or denominators like by multiplying with suitable numbers, , and then compare using one of the above mentioned methods., , 2 5, For example : = and 7, , , , , , 3, 2_2x7_14 2_2x5_10, 3 3x7 2 OR 3 3x5 15, 5_5x3_15 fe? 5 5*2 _10, and 5-737 21 ane, 7 7x2 14, 14 1S 1 10, Now, a and > can be Now, 15 and 14 can be, compared using (i) compared using (ii), 15_ 14 10_ 10, yo — Soe, Therefore, 2 2 Therefore, 147 15, on S52 3,2, 7°73 os TZ, , We can add and subtract the unlike fractions by making their denominators, same by multiplying with Suitable numbers., , 16. To obtain the reciprocal of a fraction, interchange the numerator and denominator, , of the fraction. @.g. Reciprocal of q, , a oS:, Is 7, . If two fractions are such that ti, , Reciprocal of the other., 0 has no reciprocal., , Reciprocal of 1 is one., , heir product is 1, then each is called the, , ., , ., , Scanned with CamScanner
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11., , 12., , 15., , 16., 17., , , , QUESTIONS, , What is the fraction for 9+11?, What fraction is not shaded in the given figure?, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Tell the fraction which is represented by the shaded part., , , , Tell the fraction for the following fractional numbers :, (a) Half (b) Quarter (c) Three-fourlhs, , , , , , , , , , , , (d) One- third (8) Two-fifths, , 9, Express a as a mixed fraction., , Reduce the given fractions to their simplest form :, , 21 24, (a) 55 (), Tall the fractions which are in the standard form :, , 3 20 11 7, (a) 5 (0) 35 () 15 @) 7, , What is the simplest form of the fraction that is represented by the shaded portion?, , , , o, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , \, , 2, , , , From the fractions given below, pick out, 9.21 1:16 ,5 Il 3 3, Farsie te o las, , (a) Two proper fractions, , (b) Two improper fractions, , (c) Two mixed fractions, , (d) Two whole numbers written as fractions., , Which of the following fractions can be converted into mixed fractions?, , 4298, T 9 4'8, , Convert the following mixed fractions into improper fractions :, , 2 7%, 7 10—, (a) 75 (b) 105, Which of the following pairs are pairs of equivalent fractions?, 5 40 13 50 6 90, () 5 64 ) 15° 60 (©) > jos, , 5, Convert 6 into a fraction having 36 as denominator., Convert = into a fraction with numerator 3., , Convert ~ in the form of fraction having 49 as numerator., , ein, , ~), , Convert 3 in the form of fraction having 18 as numerator., , What number will be there in the blank?, , , , ©, , Scanned with CamScanner
