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CONTENTS, •, •, •, •, , SCOPE OF PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING, COUSE OUTCOMES, SYLLABUS CONTENTS, DEFINATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL, ENGINEERING, • APPLICATION OF PPHARMACEUTICAL, ENGINEERING
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•, •, •, •, •, •, •, , UNIT OPERATION, HISTORY OF UNIT OPERATION, CLASSES OF UNIT OPERATION, EXAMPLES OF UNIT OPERATION, ADVANTAGES OF UNIT OPERATION, UNIT PROCESSES, TYPES OF UNIT PROCESSES
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SCOPE OF PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING, , • This course is designed to impart a, fundamental knowledge on the art and science, of various unit operations(steps in preparation, of dosages form) used in pharmaceutical, industry.
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COUSE OUTCOMES, • To, , know, , various, , unit, , operations, , used, , in, , Pharmaceutical industries., • To understand the material handling techniques., • To, , perform, , various, , processes, , involved, , in, , pharmaceutical manufacturing process., , • To carry out various test to prevent environmental, pollution.
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• To appreciate the various preventive methods used for, , corrosion control in Pharmaceutical industries
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UNITS IN TO PHARMACEUTICAL, ENGINEERING, UNIT-I, , Flow of fluids: A fluid is a substance that continually, deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress. Fluids are, a subset of the phases of matter and include liquids,, gases. Fluid flow may be defined as the flow, of substances that do not permanently resist., Size Reduction: Size reduction is a process in which the, particle size of a solid is made smaller.
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• Size Separation: Size separation is the process of, separation of different sizes of particles with the help, of sieve, microscope or sedimentation technique., • UNIT-II, • Heat Transfer: Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal, engineering, , that, , concerns, , the, , generation,, , use, conversion, and exchange of thermal energy, , (heat) between physical systems.
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• Evaporation: Evaporation, the process by which an, element or compound transitions from its liquid, state, , to, , its, , gaseous, , state, , below, , the, , temperature at which it boils;, • Distillation: Distillation is defined as a refining, process that collects the pure liquid or vapors given, off by heating and then cooling a mixture.
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• UNIT- III, • Drying: Drying is a mass transfer process consisting, of the removal of water or another solvents, • Mixing: The process of randomization of dissimilar, particles with in a system.an operation in which two, or more components are treated so that each particle, lies as near as possible in contact with a particle of, each of the other ingredient
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• UNIT-IV, • Filtration: Filtration is technically defined as the, , process of separating suspended solid matter from a, liquid, • Centrifugation: Centrifugation is the technique which, involves the application of centrifugal force to separate, particles from a solution according to their size, shape,, density, viscosity of the medium and rotor speed.
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• UNIT- V, , • Materials of pharmaceutical plant construct: is, the movement, protection,, , storage and, , control of materials and products throughout, manufacturing,, , warehousing,, , distribution,, , consumption and disposal. ion, Corrosion and, its prevention:
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DEFINATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL, ENGINEERING, , • Pharmaceutical Engineering is concerned with, study of industrial processes in which raw material, converted into pharmaceutical dosage form., , Size reduction, , Size, separation,, Mixing,, compression
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• Pharmaceutical, , Engineering, , is, , branch, , of, , pharmaceutical sciences which deals the study of all, unit operation and unit process required for the, preparation or manufacturing of dosages form in, pharmaceutical industries., • Pharmaceutical:, , (Preparation, , of, , dosage, , form(, , Manufacturing/study of medicine), • Engineering : (The action of working artfully for, Preparation of dosage form)
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What is Pharmaceutical Engineering, • Pharmaceutical Engineering deals with the safe and, , efficient, , manufacturing, , pharmaceutical, , industry., , of, , products, The, , for, , the, , pharmaceutical, , industry prepares and distributes a wide variety of, drugs and medicines for society., • Any Engineers working within the pharmaceutical, industry are therefore classified as Pharmaceutical, Engineers.
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• Generally, they are used in project and sales roles, where they have expert knowledge of the products, they are selling., • They may also be involved in the design and, supervision of the packaging and daily operations of a, pharmaceutical manufacturing facility.
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APPLICATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL, ENGINEERING, • Production of dosage form:, Conversion of raw material as a chemical into medicine, Example : Diclofenac sodium, Dosage form, , Unit operation ( size, separation, mixing,), Diclofenac sodium powder, Diclofenac sodium Tablet
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• Production of bulk drug, Chemical (raw materials) converted into drugs, Example: Production of Acetysalicylic acid(Aspirin), from salicylic acid, , Production of Aspirin by using chemical process
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• Production of antibiotics, Manufacturing of antibiotics using microbes, Example : Production of Penicillin G, , Production of antibiotics by using fermentation technology
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• Production of biological, Extraction of drugs from animals,plants,minerals, Examples: Vaccines, Insulin, herbal preparation, Tulsi Leaf, , Distillation, , Tulsi medicinal oil, , Preparation of tulsi medicinal oil by using distillation as a, unit operation
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UNIT OPERATION, • DEFINATION:, • Each chemical process frequently consist of a fewer, number of individual steps ,each steps is called as, unit operation., , • Raw material, Product, Required small steps, ( called as unit operation)
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History of the term “Unit Operation”, Arthur Dehon Little propounded the concept of "unit, operations" to explain industrial chemistry processes, in 1916., • In 1923, William H.Walker, Warren K. Lewis and, William H. McAdams wrote the book The Principles, of Chemical Engineering and explained the variety of, chemical industries have processes which follow the, same physical laws., •, Each unit operation follows the same physical laws, and may be used in all chemical industries., • The unit operations form the fundamental principles of, pharmaceutical engineering., •
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CLASSES OF UNIT OPERATIONS, unit operations consist of five classes, • Fluid flow processes: Including fluids transportation,, filtration, solids fluidization, •, Heat transfer processes : Including evaporation,, condensation, • Mass transfer processes : Including gas absorption,, distillation, extraction, adsorption, drying, • Thermodynamic, processes:, Including, gas, liquefaction, refrigeration, • Mechanical, processes:, Including, solids, transportation, crushing and pulverization, screening, and sieving
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Examples: Unit Operations, • Heat Transfer, , • Evaporation, , • Distillation, , • Drying, , • Mixing, , • Filtration, , • Size separation, , • Crystallization, , • Centrifugation, , • Fluid Dynamics
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ADVANTAGES OF UNIT OPERATION, • Pharmaceutical industry:, Example:, • In the production of tablets , the powder mass, is converted into wet mass ,then dried in order to, obtain free flowing dry granules , then mix with, excipients ,after go towards the compression of, tablets,
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PRODUCTION OF TABLETS
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• Food industry : In food industry most of unit operation, take place., Example: Grapes, cashew, almonds and other types of, fruits are dried to obtained dry fruits. These products, have extended storage life., , • Sugar industry :, Example: The crystals of sugar are dried to remove, residual water, so that the sugar will be dry and free, flowing.
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UNIT PROCESS, • Definition: Unit process is defined as the one in, which several unit operation are combined in a, sequence to achieve the process., • Types of Unit process :, 1.Physical Unit process, 2. Chemical unit process
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PHYSICAL UNIT PROCESS, , • Definition: Physical Unit process in which, formation of products by physical changes in, raw material, Liquid and solid, mixture, , Pure, product, , Transfer of, heat, , Drying, , Evaporation, , Filtration, , Crystallization
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CHEMICAL UNIT PROCESS, • Definition:, , Chemical, , Unit, , process, , in, , which, , formation of products by changing chemical structure, ( chemical transformation) of raw material., • Example : production of paracetamol from benzene, Nitrobenzene, , Benzene, Nitration / Nitric, acid 1h, , Reduction, P- Aminophenol, , Paracetamol, Acetylation
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Recommended Books:, • Unit operation of chemical engineering –Smith,, Latest edition., • Pharmaceutical engineering principles and practices, – C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition., • Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest, edition., • Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by, Lachmann., Latest edition., • Physical pharmaceutics- C.V.S Subrahmanyam et, al., Latest edition., • Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy, S.J. Carter,, Latest edition.
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THANK YOU
