Page 1 :
CATER Cait, , Subject + V1 + object, , , , , Subject (the object) + is/am/are + V3 + (by + the doer), , My friends appreciate my work. (Active), (The doen wo (the recelven, , Mywork isappreciated by my friends. (passive), (the receiver) (verb phrase) (The doer), , Active: People speak English around the world., Passive: English is spoken around the world by people., , Active: They close the bar every day at 9 pm., Passive: The bar is closed every day at 9 am.

Page 2 :
ACTIVE: THEPOLICE ARE INTERROGATING HIM RIGHT NOW., , (SUBJECT) (ACTIVE VERB FORM) (OBJECT), PASSIVE: HE IS BEING INTERROGATED BY THE ene RIGHT NOW., Il (PASSIVE VERB FORM), onvggigr rt rome Ee,, , IT IS NOT WHAT THE SENTENCE FOCUSES, ON. IT CAN BE LEFT OUT TOO), , Activevoice: Arobotis serving food in this hotel., Passive voice: Food is being served by a robot in this hotel., , Active voice: They are making a movie about me., , Passive voice: Amovie about me is being made by them., www.englishwithashish.com

Page 3 :
Re eam, , , , , , Active voice She has cooked the food., , , , , , , , Passive voice| | The food has been cooked by her., , , , The first sentence, which is in the active voice, focuses on the doer of the action, (subject): she. But the second sentence, which is in the passive voice, focuses on the, receiver of the action (object): the food., , , , Active voice, Subject + has/have + past participle (V3) + object, , Examples:, , © Most people have tried alcohol., , « Nobody has done this before., , « My father has helped a lot of people., © | haven't made that lesson., , © They haven't aired the interview yet., © Have you called him yet?, , * How have you made the plan?, , , , Passive voice, , Object + has/have + been + past participle (V3) +, (by + subject), (optional), Examples:, , e Alcohol has been tried by most people., , © This has never been done before by anyone., , « A lot of people have been helped by my father., © That lesson hasn't been made by me., , © The interview hasn't been aired yet by them., , © Has he been called yet?, , ¢ How has the plan been made?, , ita Ri

Page 4 :
Past Indefinite tense, , , , The Past Indefinite tense, also known as the simple past tense, is used to talk about actions that occurred in the, past at a specific time., , Active voice, , Passive voice, , , , * Active: Did she call you last night?, « Passive: Were you called last night? Important points to note:, , ‘The doer of the action: the person wha performs nal, * Active: She slapped me in front of everyone. 2 = rs, , * The receiver of the action: the person or thing that recelves the action, * Passive: | was slapped in front of everyone (by he (original object), - wate + The subject of the active voice Is aften not mentioned In the passive voice., + The object im the active voice becomes the subject in the passive voice, @ut, * Active: Why did the company hire him? it ts ortginalby the object (receiver) af the verb., , « Passive: Why was he hired?, , NOTE: we generally den mention the doer of the action in the, Active: The police arrested the thieves last week. passive vosce as I's not Important., Passive: The thieves were arrested last week.

Page 5 :
Past Continuous tense ( i), , Active voice, , Affirmative:, Subject + was/were + Viting + object, , ¢ Jyoti was copying the answers., , * He was eating dinner at 9 pm., , * My parents were watching that movie., , ¢ Jon was editing my video yesterday., , * Some boys were harassing your sister., , ¢ They were discussing something in the class., , Negative:, Subject + was/were + not + Vi+ing + object, , © Monu was not doing the assignment., © They were not helping us., , Interrogative:, Was/were + subject + Viting + object?, , WH words + was/were + subject + Vi+ing + object?, , © Were you calling her last night?, ¢ When were you taking the class?, , \ctatinidenn ihe ae a, , , , voice), , Passive voice, Affirmative:, , , , Object + was/were + being + V3 + (by + subject), (optional), , © The answers were being copied (by Jyoti)., , ¢ Dinner was being eaten at 9 pm (by him)., , © That movie was being watched by my parents., , © My video was being edited yesterday (by Jon)., , ¢ Your sister was being harassed (by some boys)., , © Something was being discussed in the class (by them)., , Negative:, Object + was/were + not + being + V3 + (by + subject), (optional), , ¢ The assignment was not being done (by Monu)., © We were not being helped (by them)., , Interrogative:, , Was/were + object + being + V3 + (by + subject)?, WH + was/were + object + being + V3 + (by + subject)?, (optional), ¢ Was she being called by you last night?, « When was the class being taken by you?