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Starch:, Starch is used as an excipient primarily in oral solid-dosage formulations where it, is utilized as a binder, diluent, and disintegrant., As a divent, starch is used for the preparation of standardized triturates of, , colorants or potent drugs to facilitate subsequent mbxingor blending processes in, manufacturing operations. Starch is also used in dry-flled capsule formulations, for volume adjustment of the fill matrix., I n tablet formulations, freshly prepared starch paste is used at a concentration of, , 5-25% w/w in tablet granulations as a binder. Selection of the quantity required, in a given system is detemined by optimzation studies, using parameters such, , as granule friability, tablet friablity, hard ness, disintegration rate, and drug, dissolution rate., , Starch is one of the most commonly used tablet disintegrants at concetrations, of 3-15% w/w., Cellulose:, primarily as a binder/diluent in oral tablet and capsule formulations where it is used in, both wet-granulation and direct-compression processes., , Powdered cellulose is used as tablet diluent and hard gelatin capsule filler., I n soft gelatin capsules, powdered cellulose may be used to reduce the sedimentation, rate of oily suspension fils., suspending agent in aqueous suspensions, , Carbowy methyl cellulose sodium is additdonally one of the main ingredients of self, adhesive wound care and dermatological patches, where it is used as a muco-adhesive, and to absorb wound exudate, Carboxy methylcellulose sodium is also used in cosmetcs and personal hygiene, and, food products, , Glucose:, Liquid glucose is used as a base in oral solutions and syrups and also as a granulating and

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coating aget in tablet manufacture., Liquid gucose is also used as sweetener., , Lactose:, , capsule filler and binder., Dluent in tablets and capsules., , Sucrose:, binding agent for wet granulation., Sucrose is used as sweetener in chewable tablets., Sucrose syrups are used as tablet-coating agents., to increase viscosity., , Sorbitol:, dluent in, , tabletformulations, , diluent in tablet formulations prepared by either wet granulation or, direct compression., , I t is particularly useful in chewable talblets owingto its pleasant,, sweet taste and cooling sensation., , Sorbitol has been used as a plasticizer in different cosmetics and, , toothpaste., In liquid preparations sorbitol is used as a vehicle in sugar free, , formulations and as a stabilizer for drug, vitamin and antacid, suspensions., , .In syrups t is effective in preventing crystalization around the cap of, bottles., Sorbitol may also be used analytically as a marker for assessing liver, , blood flow.