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CHAPTER 4. CURVE SETTING, 1. The observations made for setting a compound curve must be equal to_________, a) 180-(Δ/2), b) 180-(Δ1/2), c) 180-(Δ2/2), d) 180+(Δ/2), Answer: a, Explanation: The points which are plotted for setting a compound curve involve a check at the last for determining the errors. The check can be given as 180-(Δ/2). Here, Δ is the deflection angle at P.I., 2. A compound curve can be set by which of the following methods?, a) Two-theodolite method, b) Deflection angles, c) Bisection of arcs, d) Tacheometric method, Answer: b, Explanation: Since a compound curve involves a combination of both long and short curves, it is best to adopt the deflection angles method so that work can be completed with accurate values., 3. In a compound curve, the point at which both the long curve and short curve will meet is called_________, a) Point of radius, b) Point of curvature curve, c) Point of compound curve, d) Point of deflection curve, Answer: c, Explanation: The point at which both the long curve and short curve will meet is determined as point of compound curve or P.C.C. It is the point where point of intersection lies perpendicular to P.C.C., 4. For setting a compound curve, the theodolite is first placed at______________, a) P.I, b) P.C.C, c) P.T, d) P.C, Answer: d, Explanation: Generally, a compound curve can be set by the method of deflection angles. In this method, the theodolite is placed at point of curve (P.C) and later at P.C.C for obtaining long curve., 5. All the necessary calculations will be done before setting the curve., a) True, b) False, Answer: b, Explanation: The determination of tangent length, curve length, tangent distance will be done after setting of the curve, but not before. The curve setting process actually involves in the determination of these. By using the required data further process can be done., 6. Which of the following doesn’t represent the classification of the curve?, a) Simple, b) Compound, c) Complex, d) Reverse, Answer: c, Explanation: A curve can be expressed as a turning which is provided for a change in direction. It is classified as Simple curve, Compound curve, Reverse curve, Transition curve., 7. The formula for length of the curve can be given as ____________, a) L = R * Δ, b) L = R + Δ, c) L = R * tan(Δ2), d) L = R / Δ, Answer: a, Explanation: Length of the curve can be given as the total distance from point of curvature to point of tangent, which is given as L = R * Δ where, Δ is the deflection angle., 8. Sharpness of the curve can be determined by _________, a) Chord length, b) Radius, c) Mid-ordinate, d) Tangent, Answer: b, Explanation: The sharpness of the curve can be determined by the radius or by its degree of curvature. In India, degree of curvature method is adopted due to the circumstances., 9. Relation between radius and degree of curvature can be approximately given as __________, a) R = 5370 / D, b) R = 7530 / D, c) R = 5770 / D, d) R = 5730 / D, Answer: d, Explanation: The relation between radius and degree of curvature can be given as, R = 5730 / D. It is an approximation which can be verified by applying check if necessary., 10. The relation of radius and degree of curvature cannot be applied for small radius., a) True, b) False, Answer: a, Explanation: We know that the relation between radius and degree of curvature is an approximate value, it cannot be applied for smaller curves and also for obtaining more accuracy in work, it is recommended to take exact value rather than approximate value., 11. The maximum curvature provided for a highway is about__________, a) 100, b) 200, c) 300, d) 500, Answer: b, Explanation: Over turning of vehicle depends upon the amount of curvature provided, which should be at a minimum rate. In general, highways are provided curvature and railway track is having curvature about 10., 12. While designing a curve, which among the following must be taken into consideration?, a) Minerals present, b) Geomorphology, c) Topography, d) Rocks present, Answer: c, Explanation: For designing a curve, topography must be given at most importance which plays a crucial role in determining its durability. Topography involves obtaining information about the folds, faults, undulations present. So that care can be taken while designing., 13. Length of the curve depends on the criteria used for defining the degree of the curve., a) True, b) False, Answer: a, Explanation: In India, all the curves are designated based on the degree of curvature which is different from the curve designated based on radius. The criteria used will be depending upon the degree obtained by the curve, which are pre-defined., 14. Which among the following indicates the correct set of methods for setting out a simple curve?, a) Angular method, curvature method, b) Linear method, angular method, c) Curvature method, linear method, d) Tangent method, curvature method, Answer: b, Explanation: The methods involved in setting out a curve can be given as linear method, angular method and instrument method is also involved which is capable of providing accurate information., 15. In linear method of setting out curve, which of the following is not used?, a) Tape, b) Chain, c) Theodolite, d) Compass, Answer: c, Explanation: Theodolite is an instrument that is used for computing angles or bearings between the lines which are used for further calculation in computing the distance between the points. Whereas tape, chain can be directly used for determining the distance., 16. Which of the following methods is used when curve to be designed is short?, a) Linear method, b) Angular method, c) Tangent method, d) Curvature method, Answer: a, Explanation: Linear method adopts the usage of chain or tape in which only distance can be found but not angles. Moreover, this process is used when accuracy is not required and speed of work is concerned., 17. For setting the curve, chord must be divided into even number of equal parts., a) True, b) False, Answer: a, Explanation: While setting a curve, the chord must be divided into even number of equal parts in order to decrease the time of the entire process. After dividing, the offsets are calculated., 18. General method can be adopted when radius of the curve is large., a) False, b) True, Answer: a, Explanation: When the radius of the curve is large, general method might take more time while solving than expected. In order to reduce the time of procedure we generally adopt an approximate method which is only considered in case of large radius than the length of the chord., 19. The bisection of chords method involves more accuracy., a) False, b) True, Answer: b, Explanation: Since the bisection of each chord is involved in this method, this may have an advantage over the remaining methods. The bisection can provide accuracy by involving each step closely., 20. Perpendicular offsets can be set out after__________, a) Resection, b) Intersection, c) Trisection, d) Bisection, Answer: d, Explanation: Bisection is the main process involved in the successive bisection of the chords method. For the erection of perpendicular offsets it is must for developing the bisection process, as it provides the points necessary for perpendicular offsets., 21. Which of the following describes the advantage of bisection of chords method?, a) Setting out more chords, b) Setting out more parallels, c) Setting out more points, d) Setting out more perpendiculars, Answer: c, Explanation: The successive bisection of chords involve in determining the offsets points and also in erecting the perpendicular offsets. The main advantage of this method involves generation of more amount of points by which this process can be continued., 22.The successive bisection of chords comes under which of the following category?, a) Transition curve, b) Reverse curve, c) Compound curve, d) Simple curve, Answer: d, Explanation: The simple curve setting methods involve certain category off which, the successive bisection of chords is one of them. It is a tedious procedure because it involves the bisection of each chord., 23. Perpendicular chords can be obtained by using the successive bisection method., a) True, b) False, Answer: a, Explanation: The successive bisection method involves certain procedures among which the erection of perpendicular offsets is also present. This can be achieved by using the formula obtained by solving the procedure., 24. Which process can be used for setting a small curve?, a) Offsets from radial offsets, b) Offsets from perpendicular tangents, c) Bisection of arcs, d) Offsets from chords, Answer: b, Explanation: Even though the offset by radial and perpendicular tangents are under the same head, they are having difference in the process which makes the perpendicular tangent method suitable for small curves and radial tangent method for long curve., 25. Which of the following describes the right usage of tangent method for offsets?, a) Smaller radius, b) Larger radius, c) Large deflection angle, d) More tangent length, Answer: a, Explanation: The tangential method can find its usage only in case of the smaller deflection angle and radius of curvature. Smaller radius of curvature enables this method to have a clear idea about setting offsets., 26. The points that are set by using the method of tangents will lie on ___________, a) Tangent, b) Chord, c) Arc of circle, d) Parabola, Answer: d, Explanation: The curve which is set by using the offsets produced by the tangent method involves formation of points on the parabola, but not on the arc of circle. If versine is considered then the curve will come close to the arc., 27. Central position of curve can be set by _________, a) Tangent, b) Chord, c) Apex, d) Secant, Answer: c, Explanation: Apex of the curve acts as the central position for the curve, which can be obtained by the intersection of the tangents which the touch the curve and a perpendicular can be drawn from it, which is able to determine apex distance., 28. Which of the following represents the correct set of classification in the method of setting offset by tangent method?, a) Radial, perpendicular, b) Radial, parallel, c) Parallel, perpendicular, d) Parallel, horizontal, Answer: a, Explanation: The method of determining offsets by the tangents method involves two classifications, radial offsets and perpendicular offsets. Each of them can be applied based on the type of work being done and their accuracy involved., 29. Rankine’s method will come under which of the following classification?, a) Linear method, b) Instrumental method, c) Angular method, d) Offset method, Answer: b, Explanation: The instrumental methods which are commonly used are rankine’s method, two theodolite method and tacheometric method which are used for setting a circular curve., 30. In Rankine’s method it is assumed that length of arc is equal to its chord., a) True, b) False, Answer: a, Explanation: Rankine’s method is based o the principle that deflection angle to any point on a circular curve is measured one-half the angle subtended by arc. For that purpose length of arc is assumed to be equal to its chord., 31. According to Rankine’s method, the formula for finding deflection angle can be given as ____________, a) δ = 1718.9 * C + R, b) δ = 1719.8 * C * R, c) δ = 1781.9 * C / R, d) δ = 1718.9 * C / R, Answer: d, Explanation: Rankine’s method defines the formula for deflection angle as δ = 1718.9 * C / R, where c is the chord length, r is the radius of the curve. This deflection angle is useful for determining the curve setting requirements and also determines that deflection angle for any chord is equal to the deflection angle for previous chord., 32. Rankine’s method can be applied for setting curves of large radius., a) False, b) True, Answer: b, Explanation: The Rankine’s method, when compared to linear and angular methods, is having more accuracy and it is easy to solve which gives systematic solution for the problem raised., 33. Which among the following is a frequently used process?, a) Rankine’s method, b) Tacheometric method, c) Two-theodolite method, d) Bisection of arcs, Answer: a, Explanation: Though two theodolite method is an accurate procedure for obtaining the values, it is a bit expensive when compared to Rankine’s method. Rankine’s method is also capable of producing accurate values. So that it is adopted., 34. Rankine’s method is also known as____________, a) Deflection distances method, b) Deflection angles method, c) Tacheometric method, d) Arc bisection method, Answer: b, Explanation: Rankine’s method is also known as deflection angle method because this method involves finding the deflection angle on the curve using point of curvature from tangent to point of curvature of chord., 35. Which of the following describes the advantage of Rankine’s method?, a) Curve can be set only at P.T, b) Curve can be set only at P.C, c) Curve can be set in multiple operations, d) Curve can be set in one operation, Answer: d, Explanation: The major advantage of this method is that the curve can be set out in one operation when the theodolite is placed at P.I, which finds its purpose of finding angle of intersection., 36. Length of tangent formula is same for all types of curves., a) True, b) False, Answer: a, Explanation: Though there might be a change in the curve but length of the tangent value remains the same i.e., t = R tan (δ/2). Where R is the radius and δ is the deflection angle measured., 37. Compound curve can be designated by____________, a) Angle subtended by a chord of any curvature, b) Angle subtended by a chord of known radius, c) Angle subtended by a chord of known length, d) Angle subtended by a chord of any length, Answer: c, Explanation: For designing a Compound curve, we must know the required property like length from where it has to be started and where it has to end. It should also be known that the angle by which the chord subtends that is taken by the length determined., 38. In a compound curve, both curves are of equal radius., a) True, b) False, Answer: b, Explanation: A compound curve consists of two curves which will meet at P.C.C, known as Point of Compound Curve, in which it consists of one shorter radius curve another one of longer radius., 39.The angle at point of intersection of tangents indicate____________, a) Radius of the arc, b) Angle of the arc, c) Curvature angle, d) Deflection angle, Answer: d, Explanation: The point where the two tangents will meet is described as the point of intersection, where the deflection angle between the two tangents can be known and later on used for further calculation like setting out curve., 40. Which of the following curves helps in avoiding overturning of vehicles?, a) Simple curve, b) Transition curve, c) Compound curve, d) Reverse curve, Answer: b, Explanation: Though compound curve serves as a best source in highways, it doesn’t provide the elevation needed to avoid overturning. Simple curve, reverse curve are not used in case of highways so those can be avoided. Transition curve provides the required amount of super elevation by using the formula provided and helps in decreasing overturning problem., 41. Reverse curve is a combination of two simple curves., a) True, b) False, Answer: a, Explanation: A reverse curve is a combination of two simple curves in the opposite direction, which are not recommended to be provided in highways as it can lead to overturning of vehicles., 42. Which of the following provides the best case for setting the reverse curve?, a) When straights are perpendicular, b) When straights form arc, c) When straights are parallel, d) When straights form curves, Answer: c, Explanation: A reverse curve can be placed in case the straights are parallel. It is so because the remaining classification of curves is meant to serve in case of highways rather than mountainous regions., 43. Which of the following curves is not used in case highways?, a) Simple curve, b) Compound curve, c) Transition curve, d) Reverse curve, Answer: d, Explanation: Simple, compound, transition curves can be used in case of highway as they are having good amount of curvature provided by the radius. But in the case of reverse curve, it provides immediate turning, which should not be present in highway as it may lead to accidents. So it is avoided., 44. Which of the following cases is generally adopted in the reverse curve?, a) T1 = T2, b) R1 = R2, c) t1 = t2, d) Chainages are equal, Answer: b, Explanation: In reverse curve, there two cases to be considered parallel straights, non-parallel straights. In these cases, sometimes, the radius of both curves is assumed to be the same and also deflections are assumed as equal., 45. Which of the following case is assumed in a reverse curve?, a) Δ = Δ1 * Δ2, b) Δ = Δ2 – Δ1, c) Δ = Δ1 – Δ2, d) Δ = Δ1 + Δ2, Answer: c, Explanation: In case of determining the deflection angle, Δ, a relation must be assumed which is given as Δ = Δ1 – Δ2 in which Δ1 and Δ2 are the deflection angles for the two curves which will meet at point of reverse curve (P.R.C)., 46. Chainage at the point of reverse curve can be given as__________, a) Chainage at P.R.C = Chainage at P.C + length of first arc, b) Chainage at P.R.C = Chainage at P.I + length of first arc, c) Chainage at P.R.C = Chainage at P.C + length of second arc, d) Chainage at P.R.C = Chainage at P.C – length of first arc, Answer: a, Explanation: The chainage at the point of curvature can be given as the summation of chainage at point of curvature and the length of the first arc. The value of chainage of P.C is known and length of the arc is determined by formula provided., 47. A Reverse curve can be set by which of the following methods?, a) Method of bisection of arcs, b) Method of deflection angles, c) Method of deflection distances, d) Method of tangential angles, Answer: d, Explanation: The method of tangential angles involves two processes i.e., radial offset, perpendicular offset in which, perpendicular offset method is having the accuracy in the results obtained., 48. Which of the following indicates the correct set of the cases employed in reverse curves?, a) Perpendicular, non-parallel, b) Parallel, perpendicular, c) Non-parallel, parallel, d) Perpendicular, curved, Answer: c, Explanation: For designing a reverse curve in case of mountainous regions and also in case of railways which are having more degree of curvature, parallel and non-parallel straights are adopted with certain assumptions like R1 = R2, Δ1 = Δ2., 49. A curve which is having a varying radius is called _____________, a) Simple curve, b) Compound curve, c) Transition curve, d) Reverse curve, Answer: c, Explanation: A transition curve is having a varying radius which is introduced in between the branches of different curves. It is used in areas where a straight line and a curve have to be connected., 50. In order to prevent the case of overturning, which of the following is provided?, a) Super elevation, b) Reverse curve, c) Simple curve, d) Compound curve, Answer: a, Explanation: Super elevation is provided in such a way that there is a rise at a side of the curve which helps in avoiding overturning, which is given as B/gR which helps in determining the amount of elevation needed to be provided.