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’ Observations:, Density of the sphere, d = 7.5 gm/cm3, Value of the smallest division on main scale (X) = Imm = 0.1. cm, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 6, Radius of sphere = r = D/2 = 2346/2 =1.173 cm, , Number of divisions on vernier scale (N) = 10 div «= * ‘, Least count of vernier calipers, L.C.=X/N =1/10=.0.1 mm = 0,01 cm ”, _ Zero error = Odiv , .Zero Correction, Z = 0m, ey 1, Table to find the diameter: . ‘, . M.S.R. Vernier scale V.S.R.= Observed reading | Corrected reading, Sr. No. (cm.) ’| Coincidence nxXxLc. , | =M.S.RAV.S.R. = Observed reading, Division (n) (c.m.) =MS.R+nxLC | _:| - zero error, vi, 23 4 4x 0.01 2,340.04 = 2.34 Si i2o4, 2° 2.3 5 5x 0.01 2.3 + 0.05 = 2.35 2.35, 3 2.3 ont 5x0.01 |..° 2.3 +0.05 = 2.35 a 235, 4 2.3 4 4x 0.01 2.3+0.04 = 2.34 2.34, 5 23 5 5 x 0.01 2.3 + 0.05 = 2.35 i 2.35), 6 23 5 5x 0.01 2.3 + 0.05 = 2.35 : 2.35, Calculations: ‘ ; ee eee i, Mean diameter of sphere, D sr ee ee 2.346 cm, , y ; 7, Volume of sphere, V: =a 4/3 x 3.14 x (1.173)3 = 6.71 cm3, , Mass of the sphere, m=Vxd=6.71 x7.5=50.29gm fT, , , , Observations: : esr : F pits Sie a, , Vernier Callipers: ; Se DPE eh tM ', Value of the smallest division on main scale (X) = Imm = 0. 1 cm : i ta, Number of divisions on vernier scale (N) = 10 div 3 at), Least count of vernier calipers, L.C.=X/N=1 / 10= 0.1 mm-=0.01'cm |, Zero error = Odiv i. Zero Correction, Z=0cm"" qe au, , Screw gauge: Distance (Y) travelled by the screw in five rotations = 5 mm wl, Pitch of the screw = Y/5= 5/5=1mm ° pha gon't , ic 4!, Number of divisions on the Head Scale = 100 neo : ne, Least count, L.C. = Pitch/No. of divisions on Head Scale = -1/100= 0: 01 mm = 0. om; cm, Zero error, m= +4 div bee : i . :, , Table to find the Length (1) using Vernier eigen in ‘ic, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ‘< MSR: Vernier scale ‘ | V.S.R.= : Observed hail Corrected reading, Now | (eral) Coincidence nxLc,. |= M.S.R.AV.S.R. = Observed reading, y Division (n).. (c.m.) =MS.R+nxLcC. | + Zero Correction, 1 47 9 0.09, 4.79 ‘ 4,79, Zz 47 8 "1" 30.08..." ' 4.78 Ves B08, 2B 4,7 9 | 0,09 4.79 ae 4.79 :, 4 . 47 7 | 0.07 477 |) 47, . Physics Practical Manual 7 : baile fy Page 113, , Scanned with CamScanner

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Table to find the Breadth (b) using Vernier Calli ers:, , ™é, , \, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Sr. “MS. R Vernier scale V.S.R.= Observed thading 7 Corrected reading, No ap Coincidence nXL.c: = M.S.R.AV.S.R. = Observed reading, Ee (my Division (n) (c.m.) =MS.R.+ nx Lc. + Zero Correction, 1 2.1 4 0.04 2.1+0.04 = 2.14 2.14, 2 2:1 8 0.03 2.14+0,03 = 2.13 2.13, 2 21 3 0.03 2.1+0.03 = 2.13 2.13, 4 2.1 4 0.04 2.1+0.04 = 2.14 2.14, Table to find the Thickness (t) using Screw gauge: :, ew PSR. "Head Scale Reading (H.S.R.) Thickness (t), r. INO. a, (mm) Observed. Corrected (n) i = P.S.R. + (n x LC.), i 2 54° 50 2 +0.50 = 2.50, 2 25s 52 48 2 +048 = 2.48 ©, 3 2 55 51 2+0,51 =2.51, 4 2 54 50 2 +0.50 = 2.50, can : Calculations: Corrected average length, Los _ Aig STOTATT ge 4 HEAT =4, 782 om, , Corrected verge breadth, “b=, , 4 < e, y Corrected average thickness, t, , Volume of the glass plate, V, , Observations:, , Vernier Callipers: ;, Value of the smallest division on main’ Bee (X) = Imm = 0.1 cm, Number of divisions on verhier scale (N) = 10 div’, , - Least count of vernier callipers, L.C.= X/N =1 /'10= ‘0.1 mm = 0.01 cm, Zero Correction, Z= —1x0.01= =0.01 cm, , Zero error = +1 div, , _ps04248+951 42:50, , 2.144+2:134+2.134 2.14", , 4, , 4.", , =2.135 "cm °, , V=1xb xt =4.782 x2.135 .0.249 = 2.542 cm!, , , , =2.49'mm = 0.249em’*, , Screw gauge: Distance (Y) travelled by the screw in five rotations = 5mm., , _ Pitch of the screw =.Y/5 = 5/5 = Imm, Number of divisions on the Head Scale = 100, , Least count, L:C. = Pitch/No. of divisions on Head Scale.= 1/100 = 0, O11 mm = 0. 001 cm, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , : Zero error,m = +4 div,, _ Table to find the Length (1) using Vernier Callipers:, Sr. MS.R Vernier scale V.S.R. Observed reading Corrected reading, No. (ema) Coincidence |= n*LC, =M.S.R.AV.S.R. = Observed reading, oe uu? | * Division (n) .| _(c.m.) =MS.R+nx LC, 4 Zero Correction, i 9.2 6 0.06 3.2 + 0.06 = 3.26 3:25, 2 _ 3.2 6 0.06 3.2 + 0.06= 3.26 3.25 ;, 3 3,2 5 0,05 3.2. + 0,05 3.25 3.24, 4 3.2 6 0.06 3,2 + 0,06= 3.26 3.25, 5 32 5 0.05 3.2 + .0.05= 3.25 3.24 6 a2 6 0.06 3.2 + 0.06= 3.26 3.25:, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , _ Physics Practical Manual, , Page 114, , Scanned with CamScanner

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Table to find ¢ the Diameter (D) using. Screw gauge, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Sr. No: ‘PSR. Head Scale Reading (HS.R) eS Diameter (BD), (om) Observed Corrected (n) TESR A (re, , 1s 14 64 60° 14 + 0.60 = 14.60, 2 14 62 58 14+0.60=1458 ° |, 3 14 63 59 14 + 0.60 =14.59, , sie 14 64 60 14 + 0.60 = 14.60, 5 14 64 60 14 +£0.60 = 14.60, , . 6 14 62. 58 14 + 0.60 = 14.58, , , , , , , , Calculations: Corrected average length, | ~S25EA2S+S2EEADSESBOVIDS 3.246em, , Corrected avg diameter, D=, , Radius r=D/2= 1.459/2 = 0.73 ém, , Volume of the cylinder, N= ro *1=3.14 x (0.73 )2 (3.246 )= 5.43 cm3, , 6, , 6, , 14.60 +14.58+14.59+14.60+14.60+14 5B 214: 5omm = 1.459 em, , a, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Observations: Densily of object, d = 0. Semi/ec, Table:To determine mass, , ‘ Contents in the pan Turning points Resting ni, — Left Right nts Mean Right Mean foie Remarks’, \, , (weights), | 1|2| 3 | LT.P=a 1 2 | RTP=b a, , A : : 6] 6| 6 6 13° 13: 13 9.5 “ZR, 2_| body 23.780 55: | 5 5 13." |-13"| _\ “18 9 ERPS, 3. | body 23.770 414} 4. 4 16 -| 16 16. 10: H.LR:P.si4}), Calculations: Correction, P= ee es x0.01 = a x 0.01 = 0.005gm a, Corrected mass, Mm ‘=mass al H.R.P + Correction (P) =23.770+0.005 = 23.775gm : ., Volume, V="=78275 } = 99 71¢m’ i, , , , , , , , Observations: L.C. of vernier, calipers = 0.01em *, , Table 1: To determine diameter of bob by Vernier Callipers: ., , , , Diameter d = M.S.R. + V.S.R., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Sr | M.S.R. . Vernier scale Fraction = er, No. (c.m.) Coincidence Division(n) | n* LC. (c.m.) =M.S.R.4+nx LC,, 1 Lg 4 * 0.04 1.94, 2 19 4 0.04 — 1.94 /, 3. 1.9 5 0.05... 4.95, A 19 5 0.05 "PL95, Table 2: To determine YT?, : Length of pendulum Time for 20 aid yy, i a eeeke 7 ele Himes * T i, 2. | Measured (I,)' | Actual (I,-r) | Trail 1 |-Trial2 | Mean(t) : Fettod 7 Fae is, 1 50cm, "49 29 29 29 + [1.45 21% 323333, 2 |. 60cm 59 31 31°. 31 1:55 24 24.58, 3 70cm “= 69 32 33 32.5 .| 1.625 2.64 | 2614, 4 80cm 79 36, | 36 36 1.8 3.24. [24.38 ;, 5 90cm 89 37 38 37.5 1.875 "| 3.52 _-| 25.28 L6 | 100cm 99 40 40 40° 2 4 24.75, , , , , , Physics Practical Manual., , Scanned with CamScanner, , Page 1°

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5 7:78 eT LOE,, Q.no-6 Calculations: Average diameter, d= see irk. =1. o4sém ° eho:, radius, ae o973em stem, Average t= 88 = 24.74 cm/s?, , 6, ‘Acceleration due lo gravity, g’ = 4? wy tA x 3.142 x (24, 74) = 39.4384 x (24. 78) = 975.8 cm/s?, , , , 980 ) — (975 ) a y, Percentage error = “2 x 100 =. [Z=2 [100 = {990 )= (878) x 199 = 0.51%, , , , Q.no-7 Calculations: (Table same as above), : 5 a d i, 1.9441.9441.954+1.95 a2:78, , Average diameter, d = d = = 1:, *=1.945cm A, radius, rf = =0.973cem = lon * E, , aul AGASS _AWey. * i, Average = =—G__ = 24.74 cm/s:, Acceleration due to gravity,, , 1,945, , ; 1., gan, ? Sonne ORB, , 4x 3.14x 3.14 x (24.74), , , , , , , , , , , , , , From graph, reciprocal of slope, = = = Se 5 cm/s?, , from I-T? graph, gereph = 4117 x reciprocal of slope = 4n? oe (24.5), Graph = 39.4384 x (24.5) = 966.25 cm/s”, Q.no-8 Calculations: (Table same as abesey:, Average diameter, d= d= 1.9441. a 954195 7: =, =1.945cm : ‘, radius, r=>= oats =0.973cm = Jom, “180 = 24 7A cm/s?), Acceleration due to gravity,, ga ane = =4x3.14x 3.14 x (24.74), , = 39.4384 x (24.74 ) = 975.8 cm/s? - ——, From graph, The X-intercept OA=second’s pendulum length=99cm;, , , , , , : “Average = =, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Observations: Atmosphere pressure, H = 76 cm of Hg, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Length Vertical heights ene etl 5 aw, “5 Postion of of the ends of a Pressure, NB of Air ; (crv!) mercury pellet h a P=Hth Pxbis, Suite column | Closed Open a cm of Hg i, lcm end (h,) end (h,) ' ‘, 1) 8. 17.2 | 0.0581 48,4 58.9 10.5 86.5 1487.8 °, 2| 8 174 | 0,0574 49.4 58.8 9.4 85.4 1485.96, 3] & 17.9 |. 0.0558 51.2 57.9 6.7 82.7 1480.33, 4 = 19.5 | 0.0513 55.1, 55.1 0 76 1482, “5 & 20.4° | 0.0490 56 62,7 —3.3 20 1483, 6| A 223 | 0.045 | 58 48.2 | —98 66.2 1476.3, , , , , , , , Physics Practical Manual, , Scanned with CamScanner, , Page 116

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Calculations: gers uekeer Va Rewer, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Px values + values values, Px1=86.5%17.2=14878 z= 3: = ax 103=58.1 x 103., Px1=85.4x17.4=1485.96 3 =" ax 103=57.4 x.103, , - Px1=82.7 x 17.9 = 1480.33 ae $= x 103255.8 x 105, Px1=76x 195 = 1482 , face aexd 103=51.3 x 103 A, Px1=72.7 x 20.4°= 1483 + $a OE x 103249 x 109, Pxl=66.2 x 223 = 14763 BaF RE x 10845 x 108, Table ;, s Position | Length jof Vertical heights of the 1 4, Ne +, of Air column ~ ends of mercury pellet h=h~h, T :, ° | The tube Lenn Glosed end(h,) [Open end (h,) ma wey, 1 8 17/2" 48.4 58.9 10.5 0.0581 1, 2| W 174 49.4 “BBB 94 0.0574, 3| & 17.9 ye: BQ. te 57.9 6.7 0.0558, 4|-= 19.5 55.1 55.1 0 0.0513, air 20.4 56 52.7 —33 | 0.0490, .| 6 A | 22.3 58 48.2 —98 - 0.045, Calculations:, , , , , , , , , , , , de, 7 values as above, , LL Otol a ideatives al Stan!, Lye anit Vaid = lox, , , , , , Atmospheric Pressure is, 77cm of Hg, , , , , , , , Observations: Scale. Let lem'= 50 gmt, , Papen To verify parallelogram law., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Forces (in gm.wt}! Sides in.cm. Diagonal: ., no| Pp 2 ee OB OD Gehan ecg?, 1 | 150 [ 150 | 15c! 3. 3" 3 5 180°, 2 [200 | 200 [| 200, 4 4 4 4 180°, Table-2: To find the weight of the stone. :, , Ss. P . OA OB : oc i, , no | gm.wt aa te cm. | cm. cm. W.= OC x scale., 1 150 150 3 gif 4.2 210gmwt, , 2 | 200 | 200 4°. 4 . 4.2 210gmwt, , , , , , , , , , , , -Physics Practical Manual : Pac, , Scanned with CamScanner