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( Some Useful Expressions for Writing an A, , To report an increase, , , , « Hasrisen/increased/gone up/shot up..., « Hasexperienced/seenarise/anincrease in..., « Hasshown/registered a rise/an increase..., , « Hasreachedamaximum/a peak of..., , To report a decrease, , « Has fallen/gone down/come down to..., , « Hasdropped frome... tO sees, , + Hasexperienced/registered/showna fall/adecrease/a de, « Hashit/touched/reached its lowest/minimum level / poini, To report differences, , « Isbetterthan/more than double/halfas much/three times, « Notas bigas/asmuchas/aslarge as..., , « Many times over/more/less..., , To report similarity, , « Isthesameas/ similar to..., , « Is/Arecomparable with..., , « Canbe grouped together /classified together / clubbed with., « Show(s) similarity / similarities..., , « Thereare striking similarities between..., , To report comparisons and contrast, , « Ascompared to..., , « In(sharp) contrast to/ with..., , « Iscomparable/not comparable with..., , « Compares well with.../ Contrasts with..., , To report constancy or no change, , « Hasseen/registered / experienced / shown nochange..., , « Hasremained constant /unchanged/the same..., , Frequently Used Tense, Present Perfect : Example — The number of accidents!, Simple Past : Example— Fewer cases of theft were r, Will+ base verb : Example — At this rate the populatio, Will + have + past Example -— At this rate the populatio

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+ Isthesameas/similar to..., , « Is/Are comparable with..., , + Can begrouped together / classified together / clubbed with..., , + Show(s) similarity/similarities..., , + There are striking similarities between..., , To report comparisons and contrast, , « Ascompared to..., , + In(sharp) contrast to/with..., , « Iscomparable/not comparable with..., , + Compares well with.., , ./ Contrasts with..., , To report constancy or no change, , + Hasseen registered /experienced/shown nochange..., , « Hasremained constant /unchanged/the same..., , Present Perfect 2, Simple Past :, Will + base verb 3, Will +have + past, , participleverb =, , Passive Structures :, , Frequently Used Tenses, Example— The number of accidents has risen sharply., Example— Fewer cases of theft were reported; the sales rose up, Example-— At this rate the population will touch 1.5 billionr, , Example At this rate the population will have touched 1.5, year 2022., , Example — A few other alterations were also carried out in tl, , eS ee ed ee, , Given below are the results of a phone survey of a group of 1000 students aged 13-16 carried out byane, find out how effective online classes are. Study the data carefully and then write an analytical paragra, information. Make comparisons wherever appropriate and draw your own conclusions., , What Students aged 13-16 do during, their Online Classes (in %), , , , Take online classes very seriou:, , Switch on the class but mute, microphone and camera, , Write funny things on the teac!, white board, , Do not study textbooks or do, assignments on their own afte:, the class, , HO Ba, , Play games on another device ', the online class is on, , [— The given dati, reproduced at, , IA Teele Sore The pie-chart based on a phone survey of 1000 randomly selected | tobe interpre, , A topic sentence is an, introductory sentence, , constitutes. H, , that briefly describes students shows how school students aged 13-16 years are taking spalbciy ote, , what the paragraph, , is about. Here, the their online classes. A majority of respondents (45%) take their —, , ‘niacchart Shwe the, , significant ob:, , , , , , th

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213 A98@ 8 (ita «4 73%6, , € Special Onlin.. =l @, , , , , , , , What Students aged 13-16 do during Take online classes very seriously, their Online Classes (in %), Switch on the class but mute, , microphone and camera, , Write funny things on the teachers’, white board, , Do not study textbooks or do, assignments on their own after, the class, , Play games on another device while, the online class is on, , BOS #£@, , , , , , , , = [— The eiven data is notta be mechani, ; reproduced as shown in the input bi, es, | The pie-chart based on a phone survey of 1000 randomly selected | tobe interpreted as to what it sugge, oe ; constitutes. Here 45% constitutes 'a, sribes students shows how school students aged 13-16 years are taking mralority af respondents) wich ia, ba significant observation or analysis te, he their online classes. A majority of respondents (45%) take their — tere the author gives his/her own, ee based on the given data. Such tater, “ve online classes rather seriously, which is a good sign for the newly _| — ™aynotalways be needed. sometin, ‘question statements may preclude t, introduced online education system. It also indicates that this age "PNY of meKnasvenodservank, Fi 5 5 = «Such expressions are nat only effect, group is well-versed in the use of the internet and online education | — avoisings mechanical reproduction, given data but also help in rounding, platforms and applications. Alittle under one-fifth (18%) students data for a better understanding of it, said that they do join the online classes but mute their microphone —;— Thisis another example of the authe, ‘own opinion which indicates his/her, andcamera, whichmakesonline classes more manageable butdoes | *“t#"°u"’ Krowledae of the tote, not permit any interaction which is vital for any effective teaching, [— It refers back to 'those who do no, eee and learning. Then there are those who do not take the online eee =, ‘ernpst | Classesseriously. Fortunately, this group constitutes only 7% ofthe, survey population. They make mischief and disturb the class by], ‘Such expressions indicate the autho, writing funny things on their teachers’ white board. While 15% of all Ringed oreo, the respondents said they play games on their digital devices while, ir onli ji This expression refers back to the ex, their online classes are in progress, an equal number of students — This pressor imine nue, | admitted they do not study textbooks or do assignments on their “"**Y**¥°fcomparson, own after the classes. Clearly, a lot needs to be done to ensure — This is conclusion that the author F, =a inferred on the basis ofthe data and, lesa! | student compliance before online classes become truly effective. SRT ASIST OU OOM EGE AED, inclusion., caution or, donthe, put

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213A9@8 vere ay PAL, , € Special Onlin.. =I @, , , , 2 waring based on the, tals ofthe input, , SAMPLE ANALYTIGAL PARAGRAPH, (PROBLEM & SOLUTION BASED), , You are the General Manager of a restaurant. You have noticed that the cost of seafood items has gone up in recent times and, this has overshot the budgets of raw materials procurement. Your supplier explains that the supply chain of seafood items, is adversely affected due to bad weather and a disruption in transport due to a strike, and consequently the prices of seafood, items have gone up., , Write an analytical paragraph briefly describing how the cost of procuring seafood items has overshot the procurement, ‘budget of the restaurant and suggesting a solution to the problem in consultation with the restaurant chef and sales and, marketing manager such that the seafood continues to be on the menu but the restaurant does not incur any losses or lose, valuable customers to the competition. You might also like tointroduce a new menu with attractive alternatives to seafood., , The restaurant is finding it increasingly difficult these days to serve its patrons a range of seafood, items like prawns, shrimps, crabs, lobsters, oysters and tuna fish. While this may have left many of, our customers disappointed, the restaurant is unable to please them by overshooting its monthly, budgets of raw materials for sea-food dishes. Our vendor Messrs Bombay Seafood Suppliers have, expressed their inability to provide these items at the existing rates owing to the disruption caused, , intheir procurement due to inclement weather anda transport trike. Faced with this predicament,, the restaurant has the following options — one, increase the prices of sea-food based dishes; two,, offer smaller portions to save on raw materials; and three, take away ourcustomer'sinterestin sea, food by introducing a fortnight long food festival with anew menu of non-vegetarian items based, on chicken, mutton, lamb and fresh water fish and eggs as well as a whole new range of Indian and, Chinese vegetarian menu, including regular South Indian delicacies. This will not only help the, , restaurant save on its raw materials supply expenses but also keep our customers happy with a, variety of alternative food menu. This matter was discussed with the Chief Chef as well as the Food, and Beverages Manager, who are aligned to the proposal spelt out above. Subject to the, management approval, the new food festival cangolivenext weekend., , p ractice Exercise, , pour school has 4 buses each with a capacity of 50 students. The total number of students who actually, travel by these buses is 175. Another 150 students have applied for school transport. The school is not in, aposition to buy new school buses., , What should school authorities do to ensure that school buses run to full capacity and the students in, the waiting list for school transport gett., , Write an analytical paragraph in about 150 words to briefly describe and to suggest some practical or, , viable solutions to the problem.

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213 A988 tg «4 72°, , € Special Onlin.. =l @, , , , SAMPLE ANALYTIGAL PARAGRAPH (DATA BASED), A. BAR GRAPH, , Given belowis a bar graph showing some changes inthe public behaviour in city in a period of two years.Analyse the data, carefully and then summarise tin the form ofan analytical paragraph,, , Changes in Public Behaviour in 'X’ City in Two Years, , , , wo musta aay, , F oto. HB this year, , 3 200 , = 700 630, , $ e00, , s 500 a1 51], , 5 on, , 2 225, , 3 om, , 100 2 32, Spitting Smoking Osfacing walls Towing! Baring, inpubic _ingubic with graft dumping garbage_loudspoakers, and posters at pub, , insteets, , The bar graph presents some data on changes in public behaviour in city in the currentyear as compared, tothe last year on as many as five counts — spitting in public, smokingin public, defacing walls with graffiti, and posters, throwing litter at public places and in streets, and the blaring noise from loudspeakers. First a, couple of things to cheer about. Asis clear from the data, there has been a nearly 66% fall in the number of, , | incidents of spitting, Only 78 cases were registered as against 229 registered last year. Similarly, cases of, , | Smoking also decreased dramatically from 481 cases reported last year to a mere 92, a fall of more than, 80%, By sharp contrast, the menace of defacing walls with graffiti and posters has more than doubled., From about 457 cases last year, it recorded 983 cases in the current year. While the use of blaring, , loudspeakers has also come down marginally (from 690 this year as compared to the last year’s figure of, ) 761),not much has changed in people's habit of hrowing/dumping garbage. public placesandinstreets., , Overall, he public behaviour of people in'X'city hasshownimprovementsina couple of countslike spitting, and smoking but a lot remains to be done in areas like defacing public property with graffiti and dumping, garbage in public places. Similarly, the use of loudspeakers further needs to be reduced., , pa ractice Exercises, , 1. The following bar graph shows the points tally of four houses of Sacred Heart Convent School for the, year 2020-21. The data is to be used to adjudge the hest house of the year and the runners up. Study, , , , the data carefully and then write an analytical paragraph summarising the information. Make, , comparisons wherever appropriate and draw conclusions.