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TEXT: SPRINGS, English Course Book, Second Year Pre-University, , 1. ROMEO AND JULIET, -William Shakespeare, , Answer the following in a word, phrase or a sentence [1 mark each], , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , QUESTIONS ANSWERS, 1__| What did Juliet teach the torches? To burn bright, 2 | Where did Juliet seem to hang upon? Upon the cheek of night, 3 | To which ornament was Juliet compared? A rich jewel in Ethiope’s, ear, 4 | What does the phrase ‘earth too dear’ A rare beauty, mean?, 5 | Whois compared to a snowy dove? Juliet, 6 | When do the hands of Romeo become When he touches Juliet, blessed?, 7__| what does Juliet compare Romeo with? To the day in night, 8 | What does the phrase ‘new snow’ mean? Love as pure as snow, 9 | What does Juliet want Romeo to become Little stars, after her death?, 10 | Why does Juliet want Romeo to become So that all the world will, little stars after her death? be in love with night, 11 | When will Romeo make the face of heaven__| When he is cut and made, so fine? into little stars, 12 | Had Romeo ever seen true beauty till that No, night?, KEY POINTS ON THE POEM, e The city of Verona, e Romeo and Juliet, e Noble families-Montagues and Capulets/animosity, e Capulets’ party, e Intense and passionate love, e Romeo's glorification of Juliet’s beauty, e Juliet’s beauty surpasses the brightness of torches, e Arich jewel, e Juliet is compared to a snowy dove, e Romeo meets after the dance, e Juliet praises Romeo, e Compares to the day in night, e New snow on ravens back, e She wants Romeo to be little stars after her death

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QUESTIONS, 1) How does Romeo glorify Juliet’s beauty?, 2) Why according to Juliet would all the world stop worshipping the garish sun?, , The poem Romeo and Juliet is an extract from William Shakespeare’s tragedy ‘Romeo, and Juliet’. Montagues and Capulets were the two noble families of Verona. They were, arch rivals and known for their animosity. Though Romeo belonged to Montagues, he, attended the party hosted by Capulets, in disguise. There in the party he saw Juliet and, was fascinated by her enchanting beauty. The poem expresses Romeo and Juliet’s, intense and passionate love for each other., , Romeo glorifies the beauty of Juliet. He finds that her beauty, surpasses the brightness of the burning torches. And she seems to hang upon the, cheek of night like a rich jewel in Ethiope’s ear. Romeo was fascinated by the rich and, rare beauty of Juliet. He compares her with a snowy dove among the trooping crows., He expresses his desire to meet and touch her. So that his rude hands will become, blessed. He openly admits that he had never seen such a true beauty in his life., , Juliet is also equally fascinated by the handsome and _ bright, personality of Romeo. She compares him to the day in night and praises his attractive, disposition. She calls his love a new white snow which is pure and perfect. Juliet wants, Romeo to be cut into little stars after her death, so that he will make the face of heaven, so fine. And the entire world will fall in love with night forgetting the garnish Sun., , 2. TOO DEAR, - Leo Tolstoy, , Answer the following in a word, phrase or a sentence [1 mark each], , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , QUESTIONS ANSWERS, 1 | Where did the kingdom of Monaco lie? | Near the borders of France and, Italy, 2__| What was the population of Monaco? __| Seven thousand, 3 | How many soldiers did the army of Sixty soldiers, Monaco have?, 4 | Name the things that were taxed in Tobacco, wine, spirits and a, Monaco. poll-tax, 5 | Where did the special source of Gaming house, revenue come from for the king?, 6_| Name the game played in Monaco. Roulette, 7 | What was the unusual incident that A murder, happened in Monaco?

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8 | What was the hitch in the execution of, the criminal?, , They neither had a guillotine, nor an expert., , , , 9 | What was the punishment awarded to, the criminal?, , To have his head cut off/death, punishment., , , , 10 | What help did the king of Monaco seek, from France?, , A machine and an expert to cut, the head off, , , , 11 | Who did the king of Monaco consider, the ‘brother of monarch’?, , The king of Italy., , , , 12 | What was the only way to get rid of the, criminal?, , To pay him pension, , , , 13 | What was the sum fixed as pension?, , 600 Francs, , , , 14 | Where did the criminal settle at the, end?, , Across the frontier, , , , 15 | What did the criminal do with his, annuity?, , He bought a bit of land, , , , 16 | What was new item of expenditure that, the king noticed?, , , , , , , , The expenses of the criminal, and the guard., , , , KEY POINTS ON THE LESSON, , Monaco- a tiny little kingdom, , Various taxes, , Gaming house- a special source of income, Murder- the unusual incident, , Death sentence, , No guillotine or an expert, , 600 francs annual maintenance, , The criminal does not want to leave, Pension/one third of annuity in advance, The criminal leaves, , 899g HTH, , QUESTIONS, , King writes to France and Italy but proved costly, Change of death sentence into life imprisonment, , , , 1) What made the king of Monaco alter his decisions in dealing with the criminal?, 2) Why did the authorities in Monaco fail to carry out the death sentence?, , 3) Why was the criminal finally offered pension in ‘Too Dear’? How did this offer, benefit him?, , ANSWER, , “Too Dear”, is one of the finest short stories written by Leo Tolstoy. It ridicules the way, that the decisions are made by the kings and administrators. And explains how the, criminals are let go freely without being punished severely.

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Monaco was a little kingdom with seven thousand populations. It was near the, borders of France and Italy. It had a king, ministers, courtiers and a small army of sixty, soldiers. The king used to collect taxes on the things such as tobacco, wine, spirits and, a poll tax. But the special revenue came from the gaming houses. The people played, roulette which was generating a lot of income for the king., , Once, an unusual incident happened in Monaco. It was a murder. The criminal, was tried in the court and awarded the death punishment. But the problem was, they, had neither a machine nor an expert to cut the head off. So the king sought the help of, France and Italy. Both the countries were ready to help by charging 16000 francs and, 12000 francs respectively, but the king thought that it was too costly. Then the army of, Monaco was requested to execute the punishment, this was refused on the ground that, the army was not trained in it., , Finally the king decided to alter the death punishment into life imprisonment., Accordingly a guard was appointed and the criminal was put in a cell. Even this also, proved costly as the king found a new item of expenditure of 600 francs every month., The guard was dismissed but the criminal didn’t run away. He had nowhere to go and, had forgotten to work. The only way to get rid of the criminal was to pay him a pension., The criminal agreed to it, and received one third of annuity. He left Monaco and settled, across the frontier. There he lived peaceably and well., , 3.0N CHILDREN, -Khalil Gibran, , Answer the following in a word, phrase or a sentence [1 mark each], , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , QUESTIONS ANSWERS, , 1__| Who does the word, ‘He’ refer to? God/Prophet, , 2 | Who do the children really belong to? To the life, , 3 | What can the parents give their children? Love, , 4 | What can't the parents give their children? Their thoughts, , 5_| What can the parents house? Bodies of the children, , 6 | What can’t the parents house? Souls of the children, , 7 | Where do the souls of the children dwell? In the house of, tomorrow, , 8 | Where can't the parents visit in their dreams? | The house of tomorrow, , 9 | What should the parents strive for? To be like their children, , 10 | What should not the parents seek? Make the children to be, like them, , 11 | Who are the ‘bows’? The parents, , 12 | Who are the living arrows? The children, , 13 | Who sees the mark upon the path of infinite?__| The archer, , 14 | Who does the God love? Both the parents and, children

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KEY POINTS ON THE POEM, , A woman requesting prophet to speak on children, Children belong to life not to parents, , Parents can give love but not thoughts, , Parents may give shelter to bodies but not their souls, Children’s souls dwell in the house of tomorrow, Bows- parents. Living arrows- children., , God- the archer, , Archer loves both children and parent, , VVVVVVVV, , QUESTIONS, 1) How should parents raise their children according to the speaker of ‘On Children’?, 2) How is the parent-children relationship brought out using the metaphor of bows, and arrows in ‘On children?, , ANSWER, , “On Children” is a philosophical poem written by Khalil Gibran. The theme of the, poem is the relationship between the parents and children. Traditionally the parents, exercise a lot of authority over their children. And they try hard to impose many things, on them. It is just because they have given births to them., , But the poet thinks in other way. The children don’t belong to their parents;, they really belong to the life. The parents can’t own or claim their rights over the children., Though the children come from their parents but they belong to life. The parents can, give their love but not their thoughts as the children have their own individual, personality., , The parents can only protect the bodies of their children but not their, souls. The souls of the children lie in the house of tomorrow. They can try to be like the, children but should never attempt to make the children to be like them. The children, belong to the future and not to the past. The future never stays with yesterday., , The parents are like the bows through which the living arrows are sent. It, is the archer, the God who sees the mark upon the path of infinite. Therefore the, parents should act like the guiding lights to the children and never be so authoritative in, their attitudes. The children are the creation of God and they have to be free from any, bondage., , 4, EVERYTHING I NEED TO KNOW | LEARNED IN THE FOREST, - Vandana Shiva, , Answer the following in a word, phrase or a sentence [1 mark each], , , , QUESTIONS ANSWERS, , , , 1 | Where did Vanadana Shiva’s ecological | In the Himalayan forests., journey start?, , , , , , , , , , 2__| What was Vandana Shiva’s father? A forest conservator.