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TERMS AND CONDITIONS, , These PowerPoint slides are a tool for lecturers, and as such:, YOU MAY add content to the slides, delete content from the slides, print out the slides, and save the slides onto your computer or server., YOU MAY NOT resell, reproduce or redistribute the content in any form whatsoever, without prior written permission from the copyright holder., , © Troupant Publishers (Pty) Ltd, 2016, Selected images used under licence from Shutterstock.com
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Safety measures relating to different engineering systems, Module 6
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Electrical and electronic systems, Unit 6.1
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Safety procedures, When to write safety procedures:, Designing a new job or task., Changing a job or task., Installing new equipment in the workplace., Reviewing a procedure.
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Safety procedures, Safety procedure should identify:, The supervisor and the employees., The tasks that pose risks., The equipment that is used in these tasks., The control measures., Any training or qualification needed., The PPE to be worn., Actions to be undertaken to address safety issues that may arise.
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VIDEO: Personal protective equipment
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Electrical systems, Dangers of , electricity, Figure 6.2 ‘Beware of high voltage’ sign
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Types of injuries associated with electricity, The four main types of electrical injuries:, Electrocution., Electric shock., Burns., Falls.
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Electrical accidents, Common causes:, Inattention and carelessness., Poor housekeeping., Taking chances., Overloading of electrical circuits., Not complying with sound work practices.
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Bypassing or ignoring safety procedures., Lack of knowledge., Fatigue., Faulty or unguarded machinery., Electrical accidents, Common causes:
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Electrical safeguards, Examples of electrical safeguards:, Circuit-breakers., Direct earthing., Isolating transformers., Double-insulated appliances., Earth leakage units.
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Safety precautions when working with or near electricity, Do not use power tools with faulty cords., Do not use outlets or cords that have exposed wiring., Use only cords or tools that are rated for the level of amperage or wattage that you are using., Wet or damp areas have a greater risk of electric shock., Know where the distribution board is.
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Safety precautions when working with or near electricity, Ensure that all circuit-breakers are labelled., Do not block access to circuit-breakers., Do not use metallic ladders near power lines., Lock out an isolator in the off position and place a tag on it., Electrical accident: always disconnect the current first before attending to the accident.
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Electric power tools, Basic safety measures for power tools
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Electric power tools, Basic safety measures for power tools (continued), Figure 6.4 Damaged cables
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Electric power tools, Basic safety measures for power tools (continued)
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Electric power tools, Basic safety measures for power tools (continued)
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Electric power tools, Basic safety measures for power tools (continued)
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Electronic systems, Basic safety measures for electronic systems
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Electronic systems, Basic safety measures for electronic systems (continued)
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Electrostatic charges, Handling semiconductor devices
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Electrostatic charges, Handling semiconductor devices (continued)
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Mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems, Unit 6.2
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Mechanical systems, Figure 6.11 Clothing can get caught in machinery
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Mechanical hazards include:, Movement of parts – rotating, sliding or reciprocating., Entanglement or catching hair, clothing or jewellery., Friction and abrasion., Cutting and shearing., Mechanical systems
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Mechanical hazards include:, Puncturing., Impact., Crushing., Drawing in., Compressed air or high-pressure fluids., Mechanical systems
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Non-mechanical hazards include:, Access problems. , Handling and lifting., Electrical., Chemical., Fire and explosion., Noise and vibration., Temperature., Radiation., Mechanical systems
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Machine guards, Figure 6.12 A guard fitted to prevent accidents
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Types of machine guards, Fixed guards., Interlocking guards., Adjustable guards., Self-adjusting guards.
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VIDEO: Machine guard
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Safety devices, The two main safety devices are:, Trip devices., Two-handed controls.
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Machine guards and safety devices, Table 6.1 Guards and safety devices
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Machine guards and safety devices, Table 6.1 Guards and safety devices (continued)
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Why and how workers are injured by machinery, Why and how workers are injured by machinery
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Why and how workers are injured by machinery, Why and how workers are injured by machinery (continued)
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Where mechanical hazards occur, The point of operation., The power transmission components., Other moving parts.
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General safety precautions relating to the use of machinery, Check the machine guards and safety devices regularly., Ensure that control switches are clearly marked to indicate which machine they control., Ensure that you are trained to work safely on machinery and that you wear appropriate protective clothing., Make sure you know how to stop the machine before you even start it.
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General safety precautions relating to the use of machinery, Inform your team leader if you think a machine is not working properly., A dusty workplace can be dangerous. , Machines that are poorly located or that are too close together may not be safe, even if guarded., With some machines, wear gloves to protect your hands from the sharp edges of the material being processed.
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General safety precautions relating to the use of machinery, Never attempt to clean a machine in motion; switch it off or use a lock-out procedure., Never use a machine that has a danger tag attached to it., Do not wear jewellery, loose clothing or long hair as it may get caught in moving parts., Adequate lighting is needed for the operation of machinery.
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Hydraulic systems and tools, Do not operate a hydraulic system or tool unless thoroughly trained or under the supervision of an instructor., Always wear safety equipment such as goggles, ear and head protection, as well as safety shoes when operating the tool., Do not inspect or clean the tool while the hydraulic power source is connected.
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Ensure that all hose connections are tight., Do not operate a damaged, improperly adjusted or incompletely assembled hydraulic system., Do not exceed the rated limits of the tool or use the tool for applications beyond its design capacity., Figure 6.16 Ensure that all hose connections are tight, Hydraulic systems and tools
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Hydraulic systems and tools, Always keep critical hydraulic system markings legible/visible., Keep in mind that hydraulic power tools can produce an extreme amount of pressure., Ensure that the surfaces are free of any oil., Figure 6.17 A warning sticker on a hydraulic valve
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Pneumatic systems and tools, Dangers associated with the use of pneumatic systems and tools
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Pneumatic systems and tools, Dangers associated with the use of pneumatic systems and tools (continued)
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Pneumatic systems and tools, Dangers associated with the use of pneumatic systems and tools (continued)
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Pneumatic systems and tools, Dangers associated with the use of pneumatic systems and tools (continued)
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Pneumatic systems and tools, Dangers associated with the use of pneumatic systems and tools (continued)
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The implications of non-adherence to safety measures as stipulated by the manufacturers, Severe bodily injury or loss of life., Damage to or failure of the equipment., Voiding of the warranty of the equipment.
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Summative assessment, Test your knowledge of this section by completing the Summative assessment (page 99 of your Student’s Book)
