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Overview of Bridge Engineering, , , , , , , , , , , Classification of bridges according to span, Purposo, material, life, alignment, H.F.L, Loading, level of bridge floor,, , for bridge. Bridge alignment-Factors Controtiing., , ring, freeboard, cut water, ease water,, Component parts of bridge: pier, abutment, wing wall, foundation, bearing, , Piers-tunction, requirements, types., , Wing wale nctone and yen, , Foundation — function, types of bridge foundations, + Bearing — tunctions, types of bearing, , Site selection and investigation, Factors affecting selection of site, Important technical terms- waterway, economic span, afflux, scou:, , 3.1 Bridge Engineering —, , , , , , ‘© Definition of Bridge, , , , , , , , eh fhe esi, ond maintenance of bridges is, , A bridge is an structure which facilitate communication route to cross an obstacle in the form of low ground or a stream, OF 8 river without closing the way beneath,, , Syllabus Topic : Classification of bridges according to span, Purpose, material, |Ife, alignment, H.F.L,, Loading, level of bridge floor, , , , 3.1.1 Classification of Bridges, , > (MSBTE - W-15, S-16, W-16, S-17), Q. List the types of bridges as por alignment,, , . Ciassity the bridges according to tunction, material, span length and alignment, Q. Classify bridges according to function, materials, span and according to level o bridge floor,, , , , , , Scanned with CamScanner

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v Railway., , +, (a), , (c), , (c), , (a), (c), (e), ra, (a), (c), (4), , (a), , and Bridge Engg. (MSBTE-Sem 4, ciyi, , , , , , 32, , , , (1) According to function, , (2) According to material use for construction }, (3) According to span length __], , (4) According to alignment, , , , , , , , , , (5) According to the position of HFL, (8) According to the size, , (a) Major bridges ], (b) Minor bridges }, (c) Important bridges }, , (8) According to Ife, , {9) According to the level of bridge floor, (10) According to the structural form, , Fig. C3.1 : Classification of Bridges, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Overview of Bridge Engin, , , , , , , , , , According to function, Aqueducts (b) _ Viaducts, Grade separations (d) Footbridge, Highway bridges (f) Railway bridges, According to material use for construction, , . Masonry bridges, deni wile y Reinforced cement concrete bridges, Prestressed concrete bridge, According to span length, a (o) Minor bridges, Major bridges (d) | Long span bridges, According to alignment, Straight bridge (b) Skew bade, , Scanned with CamScanner

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(a) Submersible bridge, , (b) Non-submersible, > (6) According to the size, , ‘The classification of bridge with reference to the size has been done differently |, , engineers,, , . 5 follows, According to the road engineers, the bridge are classified on the basis of lineal water WAY *, , (a) Culvert upto 6 m. (b) Minor bridge 6 m to 30 m., (c) Major bridge over 30 m., , — According to the Indian Railways the bridges are classified as follows :, , f 12m or over., (a) Major bridges : Total water way more than 18 m or having any span of clear water WAY of te, , than 12 m., (b) Minor bridges : Total waterway less than 18 m or having any span of clear water way less, , (©) Important bridges : Those major bridges having total waterway of 18 m and more of MOre the 110 m., > (7) According to loading, (a) Class ‘AA bridges (b) Class *A’ bridges, (c) Class ‘B’ bridges, > (8) According to life, (a) Temporary bridges (b) Permanent bridges, —> (9) According to the level of bridge floor, (a) Deck bridge (b) Semi- through bridge, (c) Through bridge, > (10) According to the structural form, (a) Beam type bridge : Such as R. C. C. tee beam, balance cantilever, steel girder etc,, (b) Arch type bridge : Such as barrel and rib type, filled spandrel etc,, , (c) Suspension type bridge., , 3.2 Site Selection and Investigation, , ~The first step in laying out a bridge is the selection of its site,, , rT tructui d to achieve economy in j co, i order to ensure safety of the bridge st ire an my in its “ ;, : ected. ‘On a Suitable site for bridge, must be sel, , The careful investigation at the preliminary stage avoids many errors at a later stage,, , Scanned with CamScanner

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33 _ Factors Affecting Selection of site of a Bridge, , 0. State factors alfecting site aueeh for bridges,, a. Explain various data required for design of bridge,, What are the informations required to be collected for design data of bridges 7, List any elght factors needed for selection of Ideal site for bridge,, , Explain the factors controlling selection of ideal site for bridge., , Describe in brief factors affecting bridge site Selection., , Exp elght factors affecting selection a ste of bridge wih thor portance., , ep 8 ©. 9, , Following are the factors to be carefully considered while selecting the ideal site for a proposed bridge., , Factors Affecting Selection, of Site of a Bridge, , (1) Width of river, , , , , , (2) A straight reach, , (3) Foundations, , , , (4) Connections with roads, , , , (5) Firm embankment, , , , , , (6) Materials and labour, , , , (7) Right angle crossing, (8) Velocity of flow, (9) Scouring and sitting, , (10) Minimum obstruction to water way, (11) Sound, economical and straight approaches, , (12) Location of river tributaries, , , , , , (13) Free board, , , , , , Fig. C3.2 : Factors Affecting Selection of Site of a Bridge, , > (MSBTE - W-14, 5-15, W-15, S-16, 5-17, S-1 48), , , , , , , , Scanned with CamScanner

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En, , overview 1B, and Bi (MSBTE-Sem 4, Civil 35, Width of river, The width of river indicates length of bridge. possible which will help in, , It is desirable to have well defined and a narrow channel at bridge site 25 far as, , providing least possible length of bridge. ost., : || as maintenance, The smaller the width of river, the cheaper will be the bridge in its initial cost as We", , Astraight reach, , : d downstream side of the, The river should have straight reach over a reasonable long distance on upstreau side 1”, , bridge site so that the utility of bridge can be maintained for the design period., ms during construction and, , On the other hand the curved reach of river is not desirable as it creates proble, maintenance of bridge,, , Foundations, , The nature of soil at bridge site should be such that good sound foundations should be available at reasonable, depth., , Such type of bridge site will save expense, labour and time required., , Connections with roads, , The bridge is constructed to connect the road on cither side of a river., , The bridge site should therefore form a proper link between the roads on cither side of a river., , The approaches at the bridge site should be such that they do not involve heavy expenditure., , Firm embankments, , ‘The embankment at bridge site should high, permanent, straight, solid and firm., , Such embankments will not get disturbed at the time of heavy floods and they do not allow the course of stream to, alter., , Materials and labour, , = site of the proposed bridge should be such that labour, construction Material should casily available nearby, site., , The transportation charges for material and labour at the bridge site should be minimum,, , This type of bridge site will provide economy in the overall cost of construction,, , Right angle crossing, , At eines site, the sa of flow 7 water should be nearly perpendicular to the coote-line of tities atl, crossing is known as right angle crossing., , This type of site will help in providing square alignment of bridge which Will result in, construction. “asy and economy in bridge, , , , , , Scanned with CamScanner