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Mechanical science and engineering, Unit-1, Engineering Materials and Their Properties
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Engineering Materials and Their Properties, The presentation includes, Introduction of Materials, Application and selection of materials for engineering purpose., Properties of materials, Material types. - , Metals and , Non metals- properties, 1.1 Ferrous metals- types – properties, 1.2 Non- Ferrous metals-Types-properties, Non metals 2.1 Types, 2.2 Properties, 5 . Conclusion
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METALS:, FERROUS METALS : The ferrous metals are the metals which mainly contains iron. It also contains small portion carbon, sulphur, phosphates, magnesium, and silicon etc., The major part of these metals is Iron and with small addition of other metals vary the propeties of that metal., Types of Ferrous Metals:, Pig iron, Cast iron, Wrought iron, Steel, Alloy steel.
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Pig Iron., Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate product of the iron industry in the production of steel which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.
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Cast Iron, It is produced by re-melting of pig iron with coke and limestone. This re melting is done in cupola furnace or electric furnaces. Cast iron is the metal containing the carbon 2.1% to 6.67%., Most general purpose cast iron contains 2.2% to 4% carbon., Carbon contains in free form like graphite., Casting is the only method to produce components hence it is called cast iron.
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Cast Iron properties, The properties of cast iron are,, It is hard, brittle and strong., Does not rust., Low ductile and malleable., Specific gravity is 7.5., It can be magnetized, Its melting temperature is 1250oc ., It can be hardened by heating and sudden cooling., Low Tensile Strength, High Compressive Strength., Can be cast into any complicated shapes easily.
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Applications of cast iron:, The cast iron can be used in following , Used in building fittings., Used for pipes, fittings and engine blocks., Agriculture implements., Used in machine parts., Used for cook ware and ovens., Types of Cast Iron, The cast iron is available in different types,, Grey cast iron, White cast iron, Malleable cast iron, Nodular cast iron, Alloy cast iron, Mechanite cast iron.
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Alloy Cast Iron, The cast iron contains small quantity of silicon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus. And it is called plain cast iron., The alloy cast iron is produced by adding nickel, chromium, magnesium, copper and molybdenum in sufficient quantities., Alloy cast iron has improved properties like high strength, wear resistant, corrosion resistant and heat resistant., These cast iron is extensively used in automobile applications like, gears, cylinders, liners, crank shaft cam shafts, wheels, brake drums and valve mechanism etc.
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Effect of impurities in cast iron, The cast iron contains the small quantity of silicon, manganese, sulphur and phosphorus. And these impurities effect the cast iron as follows., Silicon: It contains about 4% in cast iron. This provides the formation of graphite and makes the cast iron soft and easily machinable. It also produces sound casting free from blow holes., Sulphur: It makes the cast iron hard and brittle. Since too much casting gives unsound casting, therefore it should be kept well below 0.1% for most foundry purpose., Manganese: It makes the cast iron hard and white. It is kept below 0.75%. It helps to exert controlling over harmful effect of sulphur., Phosphorus: It aids fusibility and fluidity in cast iron. It reduces brittleness. It is rarely allowed to use exceed 1%. It is used for intricate complicated design of casting
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steel
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Applications of steel, The applications of steel are,, Used in automobile components, Used in manufacturing of bolt and nuts, Vehicle body, Used in vehicle chassis frame, Used for Construction materials, Used for all general purpose works, steel is mainly classified as, Dead mild steel (carbon 0.05 to 0.12%), Low carbon steel (carbon 0.1 to 0.3%), Medium carbon steel (carbon 0.3 to 0.6%), High carbon steel (carbon 0.6 to 1.7%)
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Effect of impurities
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Alloy steel, Ex: stainless steel
