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TENSIONS AND CONFLICTS, , 34, , Most of the former Soviet Republics are prone to conflicts, and many have had civil, wars and insurgencies., Complicating the picture is the growing involvement of outside powers., In Russia, two republics, Chechnya and Dagestan, have had violent secessionist movements., 1993. 1st war, Russia v/s Chechnya., (Militation), , Moscow’s method of, dealing with the Chechen, rebels and indiscriminate, military bombings have led, to many human rights, violations but failed to deter, the aspirations for, independence.
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In Central Asia, Tajikistan witnessed a civil war35, that went on for ten years till 2001., The region as a whole has many sectarian, conflicts., In Azerbaijan’s province of Nagorno, Nagorno-Karabakh,, some local Armenians want to secede and join, Armenia., In Georgia, the demand for independence has, come from two provinces, resulting, ulting in a civil war., There are movements against the existing regimes, in Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan and Georgia., Countries and provinces are fighting over river, waters., All this has led to instability, making life difficult, for the ordinary citizen.
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The Central Asian Republics are areas with vast hydrocarbon resources, which have brought them economic, benefit., 36, Central Asia has also become a zone of competition between outside powers and oil companies., The region is next to Russia, China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, and close to West Asia., After 11 September 2001, the US wanted military bases in the region and paid the governments of all Central, Asian states to hire bases and to allow airplanes to fly over their territory during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq., However,, Russia perceives these states as its ‘Near Abroad’ and believes that they should be under Russian influence., China has interests here because of the oil resources, and the Chinese have begun to settle around the borders and, conduct trade., In eastern Europe, Czechoslovakia split peacefully into two, with the Czechs and the Slovaks forming, independent countries., But, the most severe conflict took place in the Balkan republics of Yugoslavia., After, 1991, it broke apart with several provinces like Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Herzegovina declaring, independence., Ethnic Serbs opposed this, and a massacre of non-Serb Bosnians followed., The NATO intervention and the bombing of Yugoslavia followed the inter-ethnic civil war.
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INDIA AND POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES, 37
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