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Real im, imuge., , Virtual Imag, if, called Virtual image., , Plane Mirror: , , , , , (1) Image will be virtual, : Le, , , , , , (2) size 01 image = size of object. A, , , , , (3) distance of object = distance age ie, u=Vv w— AB Pt, , E Plane mirror, , , , Concave and Convex Mirror: , , , , , 7, oe -~” (appears, to meet), , fi b= 1—4, Concave mirror » Convex mirror, Pole (P): - midpoint of reflecting surface of mirror is called pole., , Centre of Curvature (C): - If a spherical mirror can be considered as a part of sphere then centre of sphere will, be called centre of curvature,, , , , , , , , Radius of Curvature (R): - - Ifa spherical mirror can be considered as a part of sphere then radius of sphere, will be culled radius of curvature., , , , , , , , \D SHARMA.L-BA=14.Gaytri Nagar, H1M., See. 5.Udaipur.Tel- 9214467347] ta
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Bia, | Koeus ar Frinciple Focus or Focus Point (F) : - Incidence rays parallel to principe! axis after reflection meet, , at @ pus or seems to meet at a point this point is called focus point., , , , i, | Focal Length (f): - distance between pole (P) and focus point (F) is called focal length., , | Principal Axis: - imaginary line passing through pole, centre of curvature and focus is called principal axis., | Aperture (MN) :- effective diameter of mirror is called aperture., , Law of image formation by mirror :, , , , , , , , | Real, inverted, very small, or, point size at 7, , , , inite and Real, inverted, small size,, , between I and C,, , , , , , }, , | At rentre of, | curvature, C, |, , , , Real, inverted, same size of, object, at C., , , , , , , , Between FandC Real, inverted, large size,, , between C and infinite,, , , , , , , , At focus . Real, inverted, very large size., , , , , , Between F and P Virtual, erect, enlarge, behin«, , the mirror., , , , , , , , , , [ARVIND A 1-BA-14,Gaytri Nagar, H.M., Sec. 5,Udaipur,Tel- 9214467347
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u, , , , , , , , , , uvf uve, , , , , , ~ length of object h, from geometry of figure :, , length of image, m= =, , , , , , , , , , BP & AA'BP, 4A=2A' =90° & 2 APB =< A'PB, so Aare similar, , , , , , , , , , , , AB AP h' Vv, a Seb) eater eeee, A'P h u, vv YON v Vevey, => -s--- => -=--— | -=5-1 > -=, et ve uf v u Wi Tey, h vt, so} m C=, h u f, , , , , , , , , , , , ine mirror, asa looking gh, Convex mirror, as a rear view in vehicles, as a reflection in street bulb., , Concave mirror :, , as shaving mirror, in solar heating devices, in headlight’s of the vehicle., , s, at barber’s shop to see back slide, in periscope., , , , Refraction: when light ray travel from one medium to another then it, deviate from its path this phenomena is refraction of light., , , , Laws of Refraction: - x, (1) Incident ray, refracted ray and normal lie in same plane., , , , , , (2) If light ray travel from medium | to 2 then ' \ J, sini 3, it; =—— (Snell’s Law) a, sinr, \}o= reftactive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1, , * yemain Rawre, , Refractive Index of a medium: , Ratio of velocity of light in one medium (v; ), and velocity of light in another medium (v2), is called refractive index of medium, , If light travel from medium | to medium 2 then refractive index of medium 1 with respect to medium 2, , If light travel from medium 2 to medium | then refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium |, , Sia, , , , , (3) Velocity and wavelength of incident light and refracted light changes but frequency of refracted light, , , , , , , , , , [ARVIND SHARMA, 1-BA-14,Gaytri Nagar, H.M., Sec. 5,Udaipur, Tel. - 9214467347, , Ent
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| Absolute refractive index of a medium (1 5, ratio of velocity of light in vacuum (c) and velocity of light in, medium (¥) is called absolute refractive index of medium., , , , , , , , , , , , So refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1, , , , sini Ne, == —— =>p,sinr =p, sini, 4) sinr, , , , if >, (lightenter from rare todense medium) then Zi > Zr refracted lightdaviatetowardsnormal, if 12 (lightenter fromdense toraremedium) then Zi <Zr refracted lightdaviateaway fromnormal, , also * pty =, , , , , , , , , , Law of Reversibility:, , If light travel from medium (1) to medium (2) \ 4) =, , , , so from eqn. (1) and (2), , , , , , , , , , Phenomenon on Refraction: , , , (1) apparent position of sun at the time of sunrise & sunset: when sun rise than sun rays reaching at earth passes thru, , atmospheric of earth, when sun ray reach at earth then density, of atmosphere changes and sun ray get refracted, due to this, we can see the before actual time of sunrise., , (sun seems to be rise nearly 2 minute before the actual sunrise, & shift in position of sun is nearly 0.5°), , , , (2) Twinkling of Stars: when light rays emitted from stars reaching at earth then they passes thru atmospheric layers of different, densities, these layers acts as different mediums, light rays get refracted from these layers continuously,, direction of refracted rays changes continuously which give us impression that star's is twinkling., , (3) Apparent position of object at bottom of water : Consider a point object O which is at depth AO in water,, , light ray coming from point O passes thru dense to rare, medium then because of the refraction it shift away from, normal and reach to our eye and apparent position of, point object seems to be I, ( apparent depth of object is, Al) and, , apparent position of object is raised by some height, , , , in given fig. refractive index of air with respect to water, , , , = h =—— =— and fa, Ae ree ere Sint OB ees a ai, AB, “AO _ Al 5 1 real depth, => wha =a? = SH yw = = eee, as, AB AO. ma igh Ta ay, ay apperentdepth, &, , , , , , , , , , , , [ARVIND SHARMA, 1-BA-14,Gaytri Nagar, H.M., See. 5,Udaipur, Tel.~ 9214467347 | TI
