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Chapter No-8, Introduction to Microcontroller, Q1) What is Microcontroller? Explain the various applications of microcontroller?, Def: “ A microcontroller is a complete microprocessor system, consisting of microprocessor, limited amount of ROM, RAM and parallel I/O port, built on a single integrated circuit”, Applications of microcontroller, The microcontroller provides following different applications :, A home security system, a tape deck and intelligent multimeter can be builds by using microcontroller, A PC keyboard are implemented with a microcontroller. It replaces scanning, denouncing, matrix decoding and serial transmission circuit., Microcontroller is a single chip microcomputer. So they are used in medical instruments., Many low cost products such as electronic toys, electric drills, microwave ovens, VCRs are based on, microcontroller., Microcontroller are used as a independent controllers in machines or as a slaves in distributed processing., Microcontrollers are used as a machine tools, chemical processors and sophisticated guidance control., Q2) What are advantages of microcontroller same over the microprocessor based, The cost of microcontroller is less than a microprocessor based system., A microcontroller has more I/O components than a microprocessor based system., Microcontrollers can be used in wide variety of intelligent products such as in PC keyboards. But the microprocessor based system cannot be used in such intelligent products., any low cost products such as electronic toys, electric drills, microwave ovens, VCRs are based on, microcontrollers. This is not the case with microprocessor based system., Q3) Compare with 8051(microcontroller) and 8085 microprocessor?, Write a short note on complete microprocessor based system? OR, What is microcontroller? Discuss in brief?, A microcontroller is a complete microprocessor based system consisting of microprocessor, limited amount of ROM or EPROM, RAM and I/O ports built on a single integrated circuit., Microcontroller is in fact a microcomputer but it is called so because it is used to perform controlled functions., The designer of a microcontroller identify all the needs to build a simple microprocessor system and puts as many as possible in a single IC., The microcontroller must include full or nearly full implementation of standard microprocessor, ROM or EPROM, RAM, Parallel I/O ports, timer, a clock, serial ports etc., A microcontroller is more complex than a microprocessor because it consists of many I/O components., e.g. Intel‟s 8048 microcontroller (1st generation) and Intel‟s 8051 microcontroller ( 2nd generation), What are features provide by first generation microcontroller OR 8048 microcontroller?, The main features of 8048 microcontroller as listed below:, 8048 microcontroller has clock having frequency 2MHz to 4MHz., 8048 microcontroller has 27 I/O lines., microcontroller has 1KB ROM or EPROM, microcontroller has 64KB RAM., microcontroller has one 8-bit timer-event counter., Address capacity of 8048 microcontroller is 4KB, What are main features provided by second generation microcontroller OR 8051microcontroller?, The main features of 8051 microcontroller is as listed below:, The 8051 microcontroller has an 8-bit ALU., The 8051 microcontroller has 4KB i.e. 4KX8-bit ROM or EPROM., The 8051 microcontroller has 128 bytes i.e. 128X8 bit RAM., The 8051 microcontroller has dual 16-bit timer event counter., The 8051 microcontroller has 32 I/O lines for four 8-bit I/O port., The 8051 microcontroller has can addresses 64KB of program memory., The 8051 microcontroller has powerful instruction set which contains 111 instructions., The 8051 microcontroller has contains two external interrupts., The 8051 microcontroller has clock speed upto 12 MHz., The 8051 microcontroller has contains a full-featured serial port., Q8) Explain 8051 memory mapping for 8051 microcontroller with the help of neat diagram?, The 8051 microcontroller has contains two types of separate memory spaces as below. This memory space is also shown in the memory mapping diagram:, Program Memory Space, Data Memory Space, Program Memory Space :, The program memory space is read-only memory space i.e. ROM space., This memory space is used for storing programs and variables data., It is possible to reads program instructions from this space, but the processor cannot writes data into this memory space., All instructions fetches are taken from program memory space., The 4KB program memory can be expanded by an additional 60KB making it 64KB program memory., Data Memory Space :-(, The data memory space is a read/write memory space., The processor can reads data from this memory space and can writes data to this memory space., It cannot executes instructions from this memory space. The 8051 microcontroller internal RAM is in this memory space., The 128 bytes of internal RAM provides general read/write data storage. Some part of this is often referred to as registers., The 8051 microcontroller has 22 special function registers which are not part of 128 bytes of RAM. They occupy memory space from 80H to F8H. These registers are used for their intended purpose., The data memory can also be expanded to 64KB, The 8051 microcontroller can also be operated with common memory. In this case, 8051 microcontroller only has 64KB of total external memory. In this configuration 8051 can inputs block of data through its serial communication port which loads that data in memory and then executes that data as a program. This mechanism is known as downloading program. It is a very common technique used to change the program operating in a remote microprocessor based controller., Explain well labeled diagram of 8051 microcontrollers family of processors? Explain in detail other microcontrollers in 8051 microcontroller?, 8051 is a second generation microcontroller. It contains other microcontroller with various, features the microcontrollers included in 8051 microcontroller family such as follows:, a) 8048 b) 8049 c) 8050 d) 8052 e) 8031 f) 8032 g) 8052 AH-Basic, These all microcontrollers included 8051 family and provides various features as illustrated below:, 8048, 8049 and 8050 microcontrollers :-(, Intel’s first microcontroller was 8048. The 8048, 8049 and 8050 all have its own identical architectures with the exception of memory size., In each case, the memory is doubles. The 8048 supports 1 KB of internal memory whereas 8049 supports 2 KB of internal memory and 8050 supports 4KB of internal memory.., 8048 has 64bytes internal RAM, including 32 bytes of register or memory locations. The 8049 and 8050, have a total of 128 and 256 bytes RAM respectively., These microcontrollers are low cost products and hence are very popular., 8052 microcontroller: --(, 8052 is a simple expansion of 8051 microcontroller., It has upto 8KB of onboard ROM and 256 bytes of onboard RAM., 8052 allows programmers to write larger programs and that can use more data. The cost of 8052 is more than that of 8051 microcontroller., The 8052 also has one extra 16-bit counter-timer. This counter timer gives more flexibility, 8031 and 8032 microcontrollers : --(, The alternative version of 8051 and 8052 are 8031 and 8032., These devices do not have any onboard ROM. It may use external ROM for program memory. These are excellent devices for prototyping and low-volume products., Comparison between 8051 and 052 microcontroller