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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , CHAPTER, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , CONTENTS, , P.NO, , 1, , MULTIMEDIA AND DESKTOP PUBLISHING, , 5, , 2, , AN INTRODUCTION TO ADOBE PAMAKER, , 11, , 3, , INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, , 16, , 4, , INTRODUCTION TO HYPERTEXT PRE-PROCESSOR, , 23, , 5, , PHP FUNCTION AND ARRAY, , 30, , 6, , PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS, , 35, , 7, , LOOPING STRUCTURE, , 42, , 8, , FORMS AND FILES, , 51, , 9, , CONNECTING PHP AND MYSQL, , 57, , 10, , INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS, , 61, , 11, , NETWORK EXAMPLES AND PROTOCOLS, , 65, , 12, , DNS(DOMANIN NAME SYSTEM, , 69, , 13, , NETWORK CABLING, , 76, , 14, , OPEN SOURCE CONCEPTS, , 83, , 15, , E-COMMERCE, , 86, , 16, , ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS, , 92, , 17, , E-COMMERCE SECURITY SYSTEMS, , 98, , 18, , ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE -EDI, , 103, , 3, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 1. MULTIMEDIA AND DESKTOP PUBLISHING, 2 Mark, 1.Define Multimedia, Multimedia is an integration of many types of media like text, images, graphics, audio,, video, animation etc., 2. List out Multimedia Components, 1.Text, 2. Images, 3. Audio, 4.Video, 5. Animation, , 3.Classify the TEXT Component in multimedia, ❖ Static Text, ❖ Hyper Text, 4. Classify the IMAGE Component in multimedia, ❖ Raster or Bitmap image, ❖ Vector Images, 5. Define Animation, Animation is the process of displaying still images so quickly so that they give the, impression of continuous movement., 6. List out image file formats, 1.TIFF (Tagged Image File Format), , 4. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format), , 2. BMP (Bitmap), , 5.TGA (Tagra), , 3. DIB (Device Independent Bitmap), , 6. PNG (Portable Network Graphics, , 5, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 7. List out audio File Formats, 1. WAV (Waveform Audio File Format), 2. MP3 (MPEG Layer-3 Format), 3. OGG, 4. AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format), 5. WMA (Windows Media Audio), 6. RA (Real Audio Format), , 8. List out video file formats, 1. AVI (Audio/Video Interleave), 2. MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), 3.WMV (Windows Media Video), 4. FLV (Flash Video), , 9. Define Multimedia Production, Adequate time and efficient planning is required for multimedia production., , 10. List out Multimedia Production team members, 1. Production Manager, , 6. Computer Graphic Artist, , 2. Content Specialist, , 7. Audio and Video Specialist, , 3. Script Writer, , 8. Computer Programmer, , 4. Text Editor, , 9. Web Master, , 5.Multimedia Architect, , 6, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1. Briefly Explain about Multimedia Components, 1.Text, , It is the most common ways of communicating information to other, person., , 2.Image, , It is a vital component in multimedia., , 3.Audio, , It is a meaningful speech in any language., , 4. Video, , It is the display of recorded, event, scene etc., , 5.Animation It is the impression of continuous movement., , 2. Describe the features and techniques of animation., ❖ Animation may be in two or three dimensional, ❖ Animation tools are very powerful and effective., ❖ Two types of Animation Path animation and Frame animation., 3. Write roles and responsibilities of Production team members., Various roles and responsibilities like Production Manager , Script Writer, Text, editor, Graphics Architect, Multimedia Architect, and Web Master., , 4. Describe the various file formats in multimedia., 1, , 2, , Text Formats, , 3, , Audio File Formats, , ❖ RTF (Rich Text Format), , ❖ WAV(Waveform Audio File Format), , ❖ Plain Text, , ❖ MP3(MPEG Layer-3 Format), , Image Formats, , 4, , Video File Formats, , ❖ TIFF(Tagged Image File Format), , ❖ AVI (Audio/Video Interleave), , ❖ GIF(Graphics Interchange Format), , ❖ MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), , 7, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Explain in detail process of Multimedia, 1, , Conceptual Analysis and, Planning, , It is a appropriate theme, budget and content, availability., , 2, , Project Design, , Theme is finalized objectives, goals and activities are, the multimedia project., , 3, , Pre-production, , Based on the planning and design to develop the, project., , 4, , Budgeting, , Budgeting for consultants, hardware, software,, travel, communication and publishing., , 5, , Multimedia Production Team, , Team for Production Manager ,Script writer,, Editor, Graphics & Multimedia Architect, Web, master., , 6, , Hardware/Software Selection, , Hardware includes fastest CPU, RAM, Monitors,, Hard disks. Software is the selection of suitable, software., , 7, , Defining the content, , Content is the narration, bullets, charts and tables, etc., , 8, , Preparing the structure, , Structure defines the activities, responsible person,, start and end time for each activity., , 9, , Production, , Background music selection, pictures shot and video, clips project is ready by this time., , 10, , Testing, , The complete testing of the product avoiding failure, after launch., , 11, , Documentation, , It is a valuable information like contact details, email address and phone numbers., , 12, , Delivering the Multimedia, product, , Delivered on CD/DVD or in the Website and Internet., , 8, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Explain in detail Techniques of Animation, •, , Animation is the process displaying still images so quickly so that they give the impression, of continuous movement., , •, , The Least frame rate of at least 16 frames per second impression of smoothness. The Natural, looking of at least 25 frames per second., , •, , Animation may be in two or three dimensional. Two dimensional animation is a two axis X, and Y. Three dimensional animation is a three axis X, Y and Z, , •, , Animation tools are very powerful and effective. Two types of Animation Path animation, and Frame animation., , •, , Path animation involves moving an object on a screen. Ex. Cartoon character. Frame, animation is a multiple objects are allowed to travel and the background side changes., , 3. Explain in detail about production team roles and Responsibilities, 1, , Production Manager, , Production manager is a technology expert, efficient team, leader, good writing , Communication and budget management, skills., , 2, , Content Specialist, , It is a responsible for performing all research activities includes, program contents, applications content and project information., , 3, , Script Writer, , Script writer visualizes the concepts in three dimensional, environments., , 4, , Text editor, , Text editor is text to be structured, correct and grammatically, check the document., , 5, , Multimedia Architect, , It is include graphics, text, audio, video, music, photos and, animation., , 6, , Computer graphic Artist, , It is include backgrounds, bullets, buttons, pictures editing,, animation and logos etc., , 7, , Audio and video specialist, , It is include recording, editing, sound effects and digitalizing., , 8, , Computer Programmer, , Writes the line of code or scripts in any language., , 9, , Web master, , Web master is to create and maintain an internet webpage., , 9, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 4. Explain about different file format in multimedia files, 1, , 2, , 3, , 4., , Text Formats, , Image Formats, , Audio file, Formats, , Video file, format, , •, , RTF is a primary file format in 1987 by Microsoft., , •, , Plaintext file is opened, read, and edited with text editors., , •, , TIFF is common in DTP in world is a high quality output., , •, , GIF is a compressed image format., , •, , JPEG was designed to maximum image compression uses lossy, compression technique., , •, , TGA is the first popular format for high resolution images., , •, , WAV is the most popular file format in windows for storing, uncompressed sound files., , •, , MP3 is the most popular format for storing and downloading, music., , •, , WMA is a popular windows media audio format owned by, Microsoft, , •, , AVI is the video file format for windows. Sound and picture, elements are stored in the file., , •, , MPEG is a digital video and audio compression under the, International Standards Organization by the group of people., , 10, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. AN INTRODUCTION TO ADOBE PAGEMAKER, 2 Mark, 1.What is desktop publishing?, Desktop publishing is the creation of page layouts for documents using DTP software., , 2. Give some examples of DTP software., Adobe PageMaker, , Adobe InDesign, , QuarkXpress, , 3. Write the steps to open PageMaker., Start, , All Programs, , Adobe, , PageMaker 7.0, , Adobe PageMaker 7.0, , 4. How do you create a New document in PageMaker?, 1. Choose File, , New in the menu bar., , 2. Now Document Setup Dialog box appears., 3. Enter the appropriate settings., 4. Click on OK., 5. What is a Pasteboard in PageMaker?, The area outside of the dark border is referred to as the pasteboard., 6. Write about the Menu bar of PageMaker., File, Edit, Layout, Type, Element, Utilities, View, Window, Help., 7. Differentiate Ellipse tool from Ellipse frame tool., Ellipse tool, Used to draw circles and ellipses., , Ellipse frame tool, Used to create elliptical placeholders for, text and graphics., , 11, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 8. What is Text editing?, Entering a new text or modifying the existing text in a document is known as Text, editing., 9. What is text block?, A text block contains type, paste or import. You can’t see the borders of a text block, until you select the pointer tool., 10. What is threading text blocks?, A threaded text block can be identified by a plus sign in its top or bottom handles., 11. What is threading text?, The process of connecting text among Text blocks is called threading text., 12. How do you insert a page in Page Maker?, 1. Choose Layout, , Insert Pages in the menu bar., , 2. Dialog box appears., 3. Type the number of pages you want to insert., 4. Click on Insert., , 3 Mark, 1.What is pagemaker? Explain its uses., Adobe page Maker is a page layout software. It is used to design and produce, documents that can be printed. You can create anything from a simple business card to a large, book., 2. Mention three tools in PageMaker and write their keyboard shortcuts., Pointer Tool, , F9, , Rotating Tool, , Shift + F2, , Line Tool, , Shift + F3, , 12, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3. Write the use of any three tools in PageMaker along with symbols., Line Tool, , Used to draw straight lines in any direction., , Constrained line tool, , Used to draw vertical or horizontal lines., , Rectangle tool, , Used to draw squares and rectangles., , 4. How do you rejoin split blocks?, •, , Place the Cursor – bottom handle – second text block – drag and drop - up to top., , •, , Place the Cursor - bottom handle – first text block – drag and drop – if necessary., , 5. How do you link frames containing text?, 1. Draw a second frame, , 2. Click the first frame to select it., , 3. Click the red triangle, , 4. Click the second frame, , PageMaker flows the text into the second frame., , 6. What is the use of Master Page?, Master Pages commonly use logos, page numbers, headers, and footers., , 7. How to you insert page numbers in Master Pages?, 1. Click on Master Pages icon., 2. Click the Text tool., 3. Then Click the Left Master Pages., 4. Press Ctrl + Alt + P, 5. Page Number display on the Master Pages., , 13, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Explain the tools in PageMaker Toolbox., Tool, , Tool Box, , Use, , Pointer tool, , Used to select, move, and resize text objects and graphics., , Text tool, , Used to type, select, and edit text., , Rotating tool, , Used to select and rotate objects., , Cropping tool, , Used to orderly imported graphics., , Line tool, , Used to draw straight lines in any direction, , Constrained line, tool, , Used to draw vertical or horizontal lines., , Rectangle tool, , Used to draw squares and rectangles., , Rectangle frame, tool, , Used to create rectangular placeholders for text and, graphics., , Ellipse tool, , Used to draw circles and ellipses., , Ellipse, tool, , frame, , Used to create elliptical placeholders for text and graphics., , Polygon tool, , Used to draw polygons., , Polygon, tool, , Used to create polygonal placeholders for text and graphics., , frame, , Hand tool, , Used to scroll the page, , Zoom tool, , Used to magnify or reduce an area of the page., , 14, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Write the steps to place the text in a frame., 1. Click on one of a Frame tool from the Toolbox., 2. Draw a Frame with one of PageMaker’s Frame tools, 3. Click on File. The File menu will appear., 4. Click on Place. The Place dialog box will appear., 5. Locate the document select it., 6. Click on Open., 7. Click in a frame to place the text will be placed in the frame., 3. How can you convert text in a text block to a frame?, 1. Draw the frame of your choice using one of the PageMaker’s Frame tool., 2. Select the text block you want to insert in the frame., 3. Click the frame while pressing the Shift key. Now both elements will be selected., 4. Choose Element > Frame > Attach Content on the Menu bar., 5. Now the text appears in the frame., , 4. Write the steps to draw a star using polygon tool?, 1. Click on the Polygon tool from the toolbox., 2. The cursor changes to a crosshair., 3. Click and drag anywhere on the screen., 4. Choose Element > Polygon Settings in the menu bar., 5. Polygon Settings dialogue box appears., 6. Type 5 in the Number of sides text box., 7. Type 50% in star insert textbox., 8. Click OK. Now the required star appears on the screen., , 15, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3. INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, , 2 Mark, 1.Define Data Model and list the types of data model used., The database technology came into existence in terms of models with relational and, object-relational behavior.,  Hierarchical Database model,  Network Model,  Relational Model,  Object Oriented database model, 2. List few disadvantages of processing system, ❖ Data Duplication -, , Same data is used for processing system., , ❖ High Maintenance -, , Access control and verifying data., , ❖ Security, , Less security provided to the data., , -, , 3. Define Single and multi valued attributes., Single Valued Attributes, , Multi Valued Attributes, , A single valued attribute contains only one, value for the attribute., , A multi valued attribute has more than one, value for that particular attribute., , Example: Age – 13, , Example: Degree – M.Sc., B.Ed.,, , Roll No – 1234, , Bank – SBI, IOB, , 4. What are the ACID properties?, ▪, , Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and Durability, , 5. Which command is used to make permanent changes done by a transaction?, ▪, , COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SET TRANSACTION and SAVEPOINT, , 16, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 6. List any two DDL and DML commands with its Syntax., DDL, Commands, , Syntax, , DML, Commands, , Syntax, , CREATE, , CREATE database, databasename;, , INSERT, , INSERT INTO tablename, VALUES(value1,value2,value3);, , DROP, , DROP database, databasename;, , DELETE, , DELETE from tablename WHERE, columnname=”value”;, , 7. What is view in SQL?, ▪, , Views – A set of stored queries. Example: create a database to store the personal, details., , 8. Write the difference between SQL and MySQL, SQL, , MySQL, , SQL is a Structured Query Language, , MySQL is a database Software., , To query and operate database system., , Allows data handling, storing, modifying,, deleting., , 9. State few advantages of Relational databases., ▪, , The DBMS provides create, retrieve, update and manage data., , 10. What is DBMS?, ▪, , A database management system is system software for creating and managing, databases., , 11. What is SQL?, ▪, , SQL – Structured Query Language is a standard language used for accessing and, manipulating databases., , 17, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Explain on Evolution of DBMS., ❖ Storing the data started before 40 years in various formats., ❖ In earlier days they have used punched card technology to store the data., ❖ The file system were indexed, random and sequential access., 2. What is Relationship and List its types., In ER Model, relationship exists between two entities. Three types of relationships are, available in the Entity Relationship.,  One-to-One relationship,  One-to-Many relationship,  Many-to-Many relationship, 3. Discuss on Cardinality in DBMS, ▪, , Cardinality is defined as the number of items included in a relationship., , Types of Cardinality,  One to One – Ex: Person – Drives –Vehicles,  One to Many – Ex: Customer – Places – Order,  Many to Many – Ex: Student – Register – Course, 4. List any 5 privileges available in MySQL for the User., Select_Priv, , It is used to select rows from database tables., , Insert_Priv, , It is used to insert rows into database tables., , Update_Priv, , It is used to update rows of database tables., , Delete_Priv, , It is used to delete rows of database tables., , Create_Priv, , It is used to create a new tables in database., , 18, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Discuss on various Database Models available in DBMS., Database Models, ➢ The database technology came into existence in terms of models with, relational and object-relational behavior., Hierarchical Database Model, ➢ In this model each record has information in parent/child relationship like, a tree structure., ✓ Advantages less redundant data, efficient search, data integrity, and, security., Network model, ➢ In this model each member can have more than one owner. The many to, many relationships are handled in a better way., ✓ Network schema, , -, , It is the structure of database., , ✓ Sub schema, , -, , Controls on views of the database., , ✓ Language, , -, , basic procedural for accessing the database., , Relational model, ➢ Relational model is defined with two terminologies Instance and Schema., A relation (table) consists of attributes(columns) and tuples (rows)., ✓ Instance, , -, , A table consisting of rows and columns., , ✓ Schema, column., , -, , The structure including name and type of each, , Object oriented database model, ➢ In this model serves as the base of Relational model. Object oriented, model uses small, reusable software known as Objects., , 20, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. List the basic concepts of ER Model with suitable example., ER modeling basic concepts, 1. Entity or Entity type, 2. Attributes, 3. Relationship, 1.Entity or Entity type, An Entity can be anything area-world object or animation. An entity is represented by a, rectangular box., Types of Entity, 1. Strong Entity, , 2.Weak Entity, , 3. Entity Instance, , Strong Entity, , Weak Entity, , Entity Instance, , A strong entity is the, one which doesn’t depend on, any other entity on the, database. A strong entity will, have a primary key with it. It, is, represented, by, one, rectangle., , A weak entity is, dependent on other entities, and it doesn’t any primary, key. It is represented by, double rectangle., , Instances, are, the, values for the entity. We, consider animals as the entity, their instance will be dog, cat,, cow…etc., , 2.Attributes, , 3.Relationship Type, , An attribute is the information about, In ER Model, relationship exists between, the entity include quantify, qualify, classify, two entities. Three types of relationships are, and specify an entity., available in the Entity Relationship., Types of attributes, Relationship Type, 1. Key Attribute, 1.One-to-One relationship – (1:1), 2. Simple Attributes, 3. Composite Attributes, 2.One-to-Many relationship – (1:N), 4. Single valued Attribute, 3.Many-to-Many relationship –(M:N), 5. Multi valued Attribute, , 21, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3.Discuss in detail on various types of attributes in DBMS, Attributes,  An attribute is the information about the entity include quantify, qualify, classify,, and specify an entity., Types of attributes, 1. Key Attribute, 2. Simple Attributes, 3. Composite Attributes, 4. Single Valued Attributes, 5. Multi Valued Attributes, 1.Key Attribute, , Key, ,  Key attributes is a unique characteristic on an entity., 2.Simple Attribute,  Simple attributes is a single value for their entity. It cannot be separated., 3.Composite Attributes,  Composite attributes is a subdivided into simple attributes., Single valued attributes and Multi valued attributes., 4.Single Valued Attributes, , 5. Multi Valued Attributes, , A single valued attribute contains only, one value for the attribute., , A multi valued attribute has more than, one value for that particular attribute., , Example: Age – 13, , Example: Degree – M.Sc., B.Ed.,, , Roll No – 1234, , Bank – SBI, IOB, , 22, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 4. INTRODUCTION TO HYPERTEXT PRE-PROCESSOR, 2 Mark, 2 Mark, 1.What are the common usages of PHP?,  PHP can be used on all major operating systems. Ex. Windows, Linux, Mac OS,  PHP has also Support for most of the web servers. Ex. Apache and many others., 2.What is Web server?,  A web server is a software that uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol to serve the files that, form web pages to users., 3. What are the types of scripting language?, ✓ Client side scripting language, ✓ Server side scripting language, 4. Difference between Client and Server?, Client, , Server, , Client side environment used, to run scripts is usually a, browser., , Server side environment that, runs a scripting language is a, web server., , Ex. HTML, CSS, JS, etc., , Ex. PHP, Python, etc., , 5. Give few examples of Web Browser?,  Google chrome,  Mozilla Firefox,  Opera,  Safari,  Internet Explorer,  UC Browser, , 23, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 6. What is URL?,  URL is a Uniform Resource Locator, the address of a specific Web page or file on the, Internet., , 7. Is PHP a case sensitive language?, ✓ Yes, PHP a case sensitive language., 8. How to declare variables in PHP?, ◆ Variable name must always begin with a $ symbol. It is never start with a number., Variables are case sensitive., 9. Define Client Server Architecture.,  Client –Server Architecture is a Server provides resources and services to one or more, clients., 10. Define Web server?, ⚫ A web server is a software that uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol to serve the files that, form Web pages to users. A Web server contains one or more websites., , 24, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Write the features of server side scripting language.,  Greater protection for user privacy,  Reduces the loading time for web pages.,  Multiple processes for web server., 2. Write is the purpose of Web servers?,  A Web server is a software that uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol to serve the files that, form Web pages to users. A Web server contains one or more websites., 3. Differentiate Server side and Client Side Scripting language?, Client side, , Server side, , Client side environment used, to run scripts is usually a, browser., , Server side environment that, runs a scripting language is a, web server., , Does not need server, interaction, , Requires server interaction., , Ex. HTML, CSS, JS, etc., , Ex. PHP, Python, etc., , 4. In how may ways you can embed PHP code in an HTML Page?, •, , The First way is the HTML outside of your PHP tags., , •, , The Second way is the HTML with PHP using PRINT or ECHO, , 5. Write short notes on PHP operator., 1. Arithmetic operators, 2. Assignment operators, 3. Comparison operators, 4. Increment/Decrement operators,, 5. Logical operators, 6. String operators, , 25, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Discuss in detail about PHP data types, Data Types, String, , Description, , Example, , String is a collection of characters <? php, within the double or single quotes., $x=”Computer Application”;, $=’Computer Application’;, ?>, , Integer, , Integer is a data type which contains <?php, non decimal numbers., $x=1234;, ?>, , Float, , Float is a data type which contains <?php, decimal numbers., $x=1.23;, ?>, , Boolean, , Boolean is a data type which contains <?php, the possible two states., $x=true;, $y=false;, ?>, , Array, , Array is a data type which has <?php, multiple values in single variable., $x = array(“Computer”,, ”Application”);, ?>, , 26, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2.Explain Operators in PHP with Example., Operators in PHP, 1. Arithmetic operators, , 2.Assignment operators, , 3.Comparison operators, , 4. Increment/Decrement operators, 5. Logical operators 6.String operators, Arithmetic operators, Arithmetic operators in PHP perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division., Symbol, , Operator Name, , Purpose, , +, , Addition, , Adding numbers, , -, , Subtraction, , Subtracting numbers, , *, , Multiplication, , Multiplying numbers, , /, , Division, , Dividing numbers, , %, , Modulus, , Quotient remainder values, , Assignment Operators, Assignment operators in PHP perform numeric values to store a value to a variable., Assignment, , Description, , Assignment, , Description, , x=y, , Variable = value, , x=x*y, , Multiplication, , x=x+y, , Addition, , x=x/y, , Division, , x=x–y, , Subtraction, , x = x% y, , Modulus, , Comparison Operators, Comparison operators perform and action to compare two values., Symbol, ==, , Name, , Symbol, , Name, , Symbol, , Operator name, , Equal, , <>, , Not equal, , <, , Less than, , ===, , Identical, , !==, , Not Identical, , >=, , Greater than or equal to, , !=, , Not equal, , >, , Greater than, , <=, , Less than or equal to, , 28, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5. PHP FUNCTION AND ARRAY, 2 Mark, 2 Mark, 1.Define Function in PHP, A Function is a type of sub routine or procedure in a program. A Function will be, executed by a call to the Function and the Function returns any data type values or NULL, value is called Function., 2. Define User Defined Function, User defined function in PHP gives a privilege to user to write own specific operation, inside of existing program module., 3. What is parameterized Function., PHP Parameterized functions are the functions with parameters or arguments., , 4. List out System defined functions., ✓ is_bool(),, ✓ is_int(),, ✓ is_float(), ✓ is_null(), , 5. Write Syntax of the Function in PHP., Syntax, function functionName(), {, Code to be executed;, }, , 30, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 6. Define Array in PHP, Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type in single array, variable. Array is a data type which has a multiple values in a single variable., , 7. Usage of Array in PHP, Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type in single array, variable. Array is a data type which has a multiple values in a single variable., 8. List out types of Array in PHP,  Indexed Arrays,  Associative Array,  Multi-Dimensional Array, , 9. Define Associative Array, Associative arrays are arrays that use named keys that you assign to them., 10. Array Syntax in PHP, $Array_Variable = array(“value1”, “value2”, “value3”);, , 3 Mark, 1.Write the features System define Functions, A function is already created by system it is a reusable piece or block of code that, performs a specific action., , 2. Write the purpose of parameterized Function, The parameter is also called as arguments, it is like variables. PHP Parameterized, functions are the functions with parameters or arguments., , 31, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3. Differentiate user define and system define Functions., User Defined Function, , System Define Function, , User defined function in PHP gives a privilege A function is already created by system it is a, to user to write own specific operation inside reusable piece or block of code that performs, of existing program module., a specific action., , 4. Write Short notes on Array, Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type in single array, variable. Array is a data type which has a multiple values in a single variable.,  Indexed Arrays,  Associative Array,  Multi-Dimensional Array, , 5. Differentiate Associate array and Multidimensional array, Associate array, , Multidimensional array, , Associative arrays are arrays that use, named keys that you assign to them., , A multidimensional array is an, array containing one or more arrays., , Syntax, , Syntax, , array(key=>value, key=>value,, , array(, , key=>value…);, , array(elements),, array(elements),, );, , 32, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Explain Function concepts in PHP, Functions in PHP, A Function is a type of sub routine or procedure in a program. A Function, will be executed by a call to the Function and the Function returns any data type values, or NULL value is called Function., , , , , User defined Function, Pre-defined or system or built-in function, Parameterized Function, , 1. User Defined Function, , 2. Function calling, , User defined function in PHP gives, A function declaration part will, a privilege to user to write own specific, be executed by a call to the function., operation inside of existing program, Syntax, module., functionName();, , Syntax, function functionName(), , Example, , {, , <?php, function insert( ), {, echo “ Student details”;, }, insert(); //call the function, , Code to be executed;, }, , ?>, 3. Parameterized Function, The parameter is also called as arguments, it is like variables. PHP, Parameterized functions are the functions with parameters or arguments., Example, function insert($sname){, , // Parameterized function, , echo $sname.”Student details”;, } ?>, , 33, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Explain Array concepts and their types, Array, Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type in single, array variable. Array is a data type which has a multiple values in a single variable., Types of Array in PHP,  Indexed Arrays,  Associative Array,  Multi-Dimensional Array, Array Syntax, $Array_Variable = array(“value1”, “value2”, “value3”);, Indexed Arrays, The index can be assigned automatically in a collection of data set., Example, <?php, $student_name= array(“name1”, “name2”, “name3”);, ?>, Associative Arrays, Associative arrays are arrays that use named keys that you assign to them., Syntax, array(key=>value, key=>value, key=>value…);, Multidimensional Array, A multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays., Syntax, array(, array(elements),, array(elements),, );, , 34, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 6. PHP CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS, 2 Mark, 1.Define Conditional Statements in PHP., Conditional Statements are useful for writing decision making logics., important feature of many programming languages including PHP., , It is most, , 2. Define If statement in PHP, If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is, satisfied as per the user expectation., 3. What is If else statement in PHP, If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is, satisfied by the user expectation., 4. List out conditional statements in PHP, if Statement, if…else Statement, if…elseif…else Statement, Switch Statement, , 5. Write Syntax of the If else statement in PHP, if(condition), {, Condition is true;, }, else, {, Condition is false;, }, , 35, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 6. Define If…elseif…else Statement in PHP, If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement. More than one statement, can execute the condition based on user needs., , 7. Usage of Switch statement in PHP, The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions., 8. Write syntax of Switch statement., Switch(n){, case label 1:, Code to be executed label 1;, break;, case label 2:, Code to be executed label 2;, break;, case label 3:, Code to be executed label 3;, break;, ….., default:, Code to be executed n;, }, , 36, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 9. Compare If and If else statement, If Statement, , If else Statement, , •, , If statement executes a statement or, a group of statements if a specific, condition is satisfied as per the user, expectation., , •, , If statement executes a statement or, a group of statements if a specific, condition is satisfied by the user, expectation, , •, , Condition is true., , •, , Condition is true or false., , 3 Mark, , 1.Write the features conditional statements in PHP, Conditional Statements are useful for writing decision making logics., important feature of many programming languages including PHP., , It is most, , 2. Write is the purpose of if -elseif-else statement., If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement. More than one statement, can execute the condition based on user needs., 3. Differentiate switch and If else statement, Switch statement, , If else statement, , It is uses single expression for It is uses multiple statement, multiple choices., for multiple choices., It is executed one case after, another., , It is executed true or false., , It is test only for equality., , It is test only for equality as, well as logical expression., , 37, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 4. Write Short notes on Switch statement, The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions., Switch statement test only for equality., , 5. Differentiate if statement and if- elseif- else statement, If statement, , If- elseif -else statement, , It is a single statement. No else statement., , It is a combination of if-else statement., , Only one statement s can execute., , More than one statement can executed., , Condition is false there is no alternatives., , Condition is false more than alternatives., , 38, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Explain Functions of conditional statements in PHP, PHP Conditional Statements, Conditional Statements are useful for writing decision making logics. It is most, important feature of many programming languages including PHP.,  if Statement,  if…else Statement,  if…elseif…else Statement,  Switch Statement, If statement, If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is, satisfied as per the user expectation., If …else statement, If statement executes a statement or a group of statements if a specific condition is, satisfied by the user expectation., If…elseif…else statement, If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement. More than one statement, can execute the condition based on user needs., Switch statement, The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions., Switch statement test only for equality., , 39, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Discuss in detail about Switch statement with an example, The switch statement is used to perform different actions based on different conditions., Switch statement test only for equality. It is execute one case after another till a break statement., Syntax, Switch(n){, case label 1:, Code to be executed label 1;, break;, case label 2:, Code to be executed label 2;, break;, case label 3:, Code to be executed label 3;, break;, ….., default:, Code to be executed n;, }, , 40, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 7. LOOPING STRUCTURE, 2 Mark, 1.Define Looping Structure in PHP., Looping Structures are useful for writing iteration logics. It is the most important, feature of many programming languages, including PHP., , 2. Define for loop in PHP., For loop is an important functional looping system which is user for iteration logics., , 3. What is for each loop in PHP?, foreach loop is exclusively available in PHP. It works only with arrays. The loop, iteration depends on each KEY value in the Array., , 4. List out looping Structure in PHP, •, , For loop, , •, , Foreach loop, , •, , While loop, , •, , Do While loop, , 5. Write Syntax of for loop in PHP, for (int counter; test counter; increment counter), {, Code to be executed;, }, , 42, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 6. Write Syntax of For each loop in PHP, for each ($array as $value), {, Code to be executed;, }, 7. Write Syntax of while loop in PHP, While (condition is true), {, Code to be executed;, }, 8. write syntax of Do while loop in PHP, do, {, Code to be executed;, } while(condition is true);, 9. Compare for loop and for each loop., For loop, for loop is an important functional looping, system which is user for iteration logics., , For each loop, foreach loop is exclusively available in PHP. It, works only with arrays., , 10. Usage of for each loop in PHP, The foreach loop works only on arrays, and is used to loop through each key/value pair, in an array., , 43, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Write the features Looping structure, Looping Structures are useful for writing iteration logics. It is the most important, feature of many programming languages, including PHP., ❖ For loop, ❖ Foreach loop, ❖ While loop, ❖ Do While loop, 2. Differentiate for each and while loop, foreach loop, , While loop, , Foreach loop is exclusively available in PHP., It works only with arrays. The loop iteration, depends on each KEY value in the Array., , While loop is an important feature which is, used for simple iteration logics. The condition, is true or false, , for each ($array as $value), , While (condition is true), , {, , {, , Code to be executed;, , Code to be executed;, , }, , }, , 3. Differentiate While and Do while loops., While loop, , Do while loop, , While loop is an important feature which is, used for simple iteration logics. The condition, is true or false, , Do while loop always run the statement, inside of the loop block at the first time, execution. The condition is true or false., , While (condition is true){, , do{, , Code to be executed;, , Code to be executed;, , }, , } while(condition is true);, , 44, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Explain Looping Structure in PHP., Looping Structures are useful for writing iteration logics. It is the most important feature, of many programming languages, including PHP., ➢ for loop, ➢ foreach loop, ➢ While loop, ➢ do While loop, For loop, For loop is an important functional looping system which is user for iteration logics., Foreach loop, Foreach loop is exclusively available in PHP. It works only with arrays. The loop, iteration depends on each KEY value in the Array., While loop, While loop is an important feature which is used for simple iteration logics. The, condition is true or false, Do While loop, Do while loop always run the statement inside of the loop block at the first time, execution. The condition is true or false., , 45, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 8. FORMS AND FILES, 2 Mark, 1.Define HTML form controls, Text inputs contain textbox and text area controls. Buttons may contain Submit button,, Reset button and Cancel Button. Form tag is used to control the entire HTML document., 2. Define for Form Handling method in PHP.,  Post Method, , - it is designed to get data from server., ,  Get Method, , - it is designed to send data to the server., , 3. What is Form Validation in PHP?, Validation is a process of checking the input data submitted by the user from client, machine.,  Client Side Validation,  Server Side Validation, 4. List out HTML control to support PHP language.,  Text inputs,  Buttons,  Checkbox,  Radio box,  File Select,  Form Tag, 5. Write Syntax of Text box in HTML, Type, <input type = “text”>, , Description, Defines a one-line text input field., , 51, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 6. Define File handling in PHP, File handling is an important part of any web application. PHP has several functions for, creating, reading, uploading, and editing files., , 7. Define Browse button in HTML., Browse button is used to upload a single file or multiple files. It is one of the types of, button., , 8. Write Syntax of Browse button in HTML., Syntax:, <input type = “file” name = “myfile”>, , 9. Compare Text box and Text Area., Text Box, , Text Area, , Text box is generally used for Text Area is generally used for, collecting information such feedback or comments. It is a, as names, email address etc. multiline text., Tag: <input>, , Tag: <textarea>, , 10. Usage of File open function., fopen() is helps to open a file in the server. It contains Two parameters 1. File, 2. Read/Write mode., , 52, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Write the features of Form Handling., → Forms are used to get input from the user and submit it to the web server for, processing., → Form tag contains input box, check boxes radio buttons etc., → It is a back-end application. Form tag <form> </form>., 2. Write the purpose Get method and Post method.,  Get method displays the form values in the URL. $_GET [variable name];,  The users to book mark the results.,  Post method is when submitting login details to the server. $_POST [variable name];, 3. Differentiate Get and Post Method., GET, , POST, , Values visible in the URL, , Values not visible in the URL, , Supports only string data types., , Supports many different data types such as, string, numeric, binary etc., , Faster to send the request, , Little slow compare to get method., , 4. Write short notes on File handling., File handling is an important part of any web application. You often need to open and, process a file for different tasks. File handling is done by using any programming language., 5. Write short notes on File handling functions., fopen(), , open a file in the server., , fread(), , read a file in the server, , fclose(), , used to close an opened file., , fwrite(), , used to write a file, , 53, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Discuss in detail about HTML form controls., Values of type, attribute, , Description, , Text, , Create a Text box. All kind of text input such as name, address etc.,, , Password, , Similar as Text box. But, while entering data ,the characters are, appearing as coded symbols such as Asterisk., , Check box, , Check box is a small square box. It is used to select multiple options., , Radio button, , Radio button is a small circle. It is used to select any one of the multiple, options., , Reset, , It is a special command button used to clear all the entries made in the, form., , Submit, , It is also special command button used to submit all the entries in the, form., , Button, , It is a standard graphical button on the form used to call functions on, click., , 3. Explain the process File handling, File handling is an important part of any web application. You often need to open and, process a file for different tasks.File handling is done by using any programming language., PHP has several functions for creating, reading, uploading, and editing files., 1.Five major operations file are, , 2.Steps for Processing a File, •, •, •, ,  Creation of a new file,  Opening a n existing file.,  Reading data from a file.,  Writing data in a file., , •, ,  Closing a file., , Declare a file pointer variable., Open a file using fopen() function., Process the file using the suitable, function., Close the file using fclose(), function., , 55, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5. Give few examples of MySQLi Queries.,  mysqli_query($con, “SELECT * FROM Person”);,  mysqli_query($con, “INSERT INTO Persons (Name, Age) VALUES (‘name’,18)”);, , 6. What is connection String?, A connection string is a string that specifies information about a data source and, connecting to it., , 7. What is web Database?, A web database is a database application designed to be managed and accessed through, the Internet., , 8. What is mysqli_fetch_assoc() Function?,  The mysqli_fetch_assoc() function fetches result row as an associative array., Syntax:, , mysqli_fetch_assoc(result);, , 9. Define mysqli_connect_error() Function,  The mysqli_conncet_error() function returns error description from the last, connection., Syntax:, , mysqli_connect_error();, , 10. Define mysqli_affected_rows() function,  The Mysqli_affected_rows() function returns the number of affected rows in the, previous SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, REPLACE, or DELETE query., Syntax:, , mysqli_affected_rows(connection);, , 58, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, , 1. Discuss in detail about MySQL functions with example, MySQLi is extension in PHP scripting language which gives access to the MYSQL, database. MYSQLi extension was introduced version 5.0.0., ➔ MySQL COUNT Function, ➔ MySQL MAX Function, ➔ MySQL MIN Function, ➔ MySQL AVG Function, ➔ MySQL SUM Function, 1. The MySQL COUNT function is used to count the number of rows in a database table., Example: mysql>SELECT COUNT (*) FROM employee;, 2. The MySQL MAX function is used to select the highest value for a certain column, Example mysql> SELECT MAX(Number)-> FROM employee;, 3. The MySQL MIN function is used to select the lowest value for a certain column., Example: mysql> SELECT MIN(Numberr)->FROM employee;, 4. The MySQL AVG function selects the average value for certain table column., Example: mysql> SELECT AVG (Number) -> FROM employee;, 5. The MySQL SUM function is used to selecting the total for a numeric column., Example: mysql> SELECT SUM(Number)-> FROM employee;, , 60, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 10. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS, 2 Mark, `1.Define Computer Network, A set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resource is called as, computer networks., 2. Define Internet, The Internet is a network of global connections comprising private, public, business,, academic and government networks linked by wireless and fiber-optic technologies., 3. What are the common uses of computer Network.,  Communication,  Resource Sharing,  Data or Software sharing,  Money savings, 4. List out some feature of Mobile Network.,  Less consumption of power,  Huge capacity than a large transmitter, at single frequency,  Covering large area than a single transmitter, 5. Difference between wired and wireless networks., Wired Network, , Wireless Network, , A wired network system connected with A wireless network is connecting Devices, network cable., without cables, Example: Speakers, CCTV, Printers etc.,, , Example: WiFi Tablets, Indoor cameras etc.,, , 61, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Define ARPANET, First in 1969, Advanced Research Projects Agency Network, four nodes of connected, between four universities using the 50kbps circuits., 2. What is the usage of cloud storage and cloud computing?, Cloud Storage: Just a storage of data on online, access in different area ., Cloud Computing: It is based on Internet computing, to share resources, software and, information., 3. What is meant by Artificial Intelligence?, Artificial intelligence will help to maintain, manage, speech recognition, learning,, planning, problem solving and protect it., 4. List out some usefulness of social networks.,  Group information sharing over long distances.,  Broadcast announcements.,  Fostering diversity of thought., 5. How computer networks saves the money saving?, Computer networking, It’s important financial aspect for organization because it saves, money. It reduces the paper work, man power and save the time., , 5 Mark, 1.Mention some uses of network at business, home, mobile, social application., Business, , : Resource Sharing, Server Client Model,, , Communication Medium,, , E- Commerce, Home, , : Access to remote information, Person to person communication,, interactive entertainment, E-commerce., , Mobile, , : Hotspots, SMS, GPS, Connectivity etc., , Social App, , : Twitter, Face book, Whatsapp, etc.,, 62, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2.Define computer networking and Internet. Explain different developments on compute, network and Internet., S. No, 1, , Period, , Method, , History, , Late 1950, , SAGE(Semi-Automatic, Ground Environment), , U.S Military Radar System, , 1960, , SABRE(Semi Automatic, Business Research, Environment), , Online connected with Two main, frame computers., , 1963, , Intergalactic, Network, , 1965, , Telephone Switch, , First widely used Telephone switch, was introduced by Western, Electric, , 1966, , WAN(Wide Area Network), , Published, by, Thomas, and, Lawrence in the area of time, sharing., , 1969-1970, , ARPANET, , First in 1969, Advanced, Research, Projects, Agency, Network, four nodes of connected, between four universities using the, 50kbps circuits., , 1972, , X.25 TCP/IP, , Using commercial services for, expanding TCP/IP networks., , 1973, , Hosts, , Reliable delivery of data., , 1973-1979, , Ethernet, , Distributed Packet switching for, local Computer Networks., , 1976, , ARCNET, , First to share the storage device in, 1976., , 1995, , New, FIBRE, CABLES, , 2., , 3., , Computer Computer engaged to access, communication with users of, computes., , 4., , 5., , 6., , 7., 8., 9., , 10., , 11., , OPTIC Highest speeds up to 100 Gbps to, grow easily, , 63, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 11. NETWORK EXAMPLES AND PROTOCOLS, 2 Mark, 1.Define Intranet, Intranet is a website used by organization to provide a place where employees can, access company related information., 2. What are the uses of mobile networks?, ➔ Can connect the network without cable, ➔ Less consumption of power, ➔ Huge capacity than a large transmitter, ➔ Covering large area than a single transmitter., 3. List out the benefits of WIFI,  It provides mobility.,  It provides connection to internet.,  Flexibility of LAN.,  Ensures connectivity., 4. How many types of RFID system available and what are they?,  Active RFID,  Passive RFID, 5. Expand HTTP, HTTPS, FTP,  HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol,  HTTPS – Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure,  FTP – File Transfer Protocol, , 65, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Compare Internet, Intranet and Extranet., Internet, , Intranet, , Extranet, , Public, , Private, , Private, , Large number of, connected devices, , Limited number of, connected devices, , Limited number of, connected devices, over Internet, , Not owned by anyone, , Owned by a particular, organization, , Owned by one or, more Organizations., , WWW, Email, Social, media, , Departments,, company,, organizations., , Suppliers, customer,, and vendors., , 2. List out the components of a RFID enabled system.,  RFID tag: It has silicon microchip attached to a small antenna and mounted on a, substrate.,  Reader: It has a scanner with antennas to transmit and receive signals, used for, communication.,  Controller: It is the host computer with a microprocessor which receives the reader, input and process the data., , 3. Write short notes on HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, ◆ HTTP – It is used between a web client and a web server and it guarantees non-secure, data transmissions., ◆ HTTPS- It is used between a web client and a web server ensures secure data, transmissions., ◆ FTP- It is used between computers for sending and receiving file., , 66, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Discuss about OSI (Open System Interconnection)model with its layers., OSI Layers, , Definition, , 1. Physical Layer, , This is the 1st layer, it defines the electrical and physical, specifications for devices., , 2. Data Link layer, , This is the 2nd layer, it guarantees that the data transmitted., “802.3 for Ethernet” and “802.11 for Wi-Fi”, , 3. Network layer, , This is the 3rd layer, determining the path of the data packets is, using IP Address., , 4. Transport layer, , This is the 4th layer guarantees the sending data is successful., It includes error checking operation., , 5. Session layer, , This is the 5th layer identifies the system session between, different network entities., , 6. Presentation layer, , This is the 6th layer Encryption and decryption protocols, occur in this layers such as Secure Socket Layer(SSL), , 7. Application layer, , This is the 7th layer it acts the user interface platform, comprising of software within the system., , 3. Difference between TCP/IP and OSI Reference Model., TCP/IP, , OSI, , Implementation of OSI Model, , Reference Model, , 4 Layers, , 7 Layers, , Horizontal approach, , Vertical approach, , Supports only connection less, Communication., , Supports connectionless and connection-oriented, communication, , Protocol dependent standard, , Protocol independent standard, , Considered more reliable, , Considered a reference tool, , 68, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 7. What is a domain?, Domain is a sub tree, in domain name space tree structure. The domain can be further, divided into sub domains., 8. What is a Zone?, A group of contiguous domains and sub domains in the Domain Name Space., 9. What is a resolver?, A program which is responsible for initiating the translation of a domain name into an, IP Address., 10. What are the categories available in domain name space?, ☺ Commercial Organization, ☺ Educational Institutions, ☺ Government, ☺ Military groups, 11. Write any four generic Top Level Domain,  Com, , -, , Commercial Organization, ,  Edu, , -, , Educational Institutions, ,  Gov, , -, , Government, ,  Mil, , -, , Military groups, , 70, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Write a note on DNS., Domain Name System an internet service that translates domain name into IP Address., Ex: www.google.com IP Address: 198.105.232.4, 2. Differentiate IPv4 and IPv6., IPv4, 32 bits, , IPv6, 128 bits, , Binary and Dotted-decimal notation Hexadecimal notation, 4billion addresses, , 16 billion addresses, , 3. Differentiate Domain Name and URL, Domain Name, , Uniform Resource Locator (URL), , An identification string that helps to uniquely, identify a specific website, , Address of a specific webpage or a website, on the internet., , Ex: google.com, , Ex: http://www.google.com//, , 4. Difference between Absolute URL and Relative URL, Absolute URL, , Relative URL, , Used to link web pages on different websites, , Used to link web pages within the same, website., , Difficult to manage., , Easy to manage., , Protocols, hostname, folder name and file, name, , Folder name and file name., , 71, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5. Write a note on domain name., Domain name is the sequence of labels separated by dot (.). The domain name is, always read from the leaf node to root node. The root node always represent NULL string. So, All the domain name ends with dot., 6. Differentiate web address and URL, Web Address, , URL, , A web Address more commonly defines a, unique name that helps people remember a, URL, , A URL is the address of a particular website, or document available on the web., , It is like a memorable street address, can help, people find you online., , It is the Internet address of a particular site or, document available the world wide web., , 5 Mark, 1. Classify and Explain the IP address., Internet Protocol address is simply the logical address in the network layer. Ex: The, door number or flat number is used to differentiate individual house from others in the same, apartment IP address is also used to find the host system in the whole network., Heading, , Internet Protocol Version 4, , Internet Protocol Version 6, , Deployed, , 1981, , 1999, , Address Size, , 32-bit number, , 128-bit number, , Address Format, , Dotted Decimal Notation, , Hexadecimal Notation, , Notation, , 192.149.252.76, , 3FFE:F200:0234:AB00:, 0123:4566:8901:ABCD, , Configuration, , Manually or DHCP, , Auto-configuration or DHCP, , Number of Address, , 232 = 4 billion address, , 2128 = 16 billion address, , Address types, , unicast, multicast, broadcast, , unicast, multicast, anycast, , Packet Fragmentation, , Routers and sending hosts, , Sending hosts only, , 72, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Explain briefly the components of DNS., 1. Namespace, , 2.Name server, , 3.Zone, ,  Name Space, The domain names must be very unique and appropriate. The names should be selected, from a namespace., ◆ Flat name space, ◆ Hierarchical name space, Flat name space, Flat name space is where the name is assigned to the IP address. They do not have any, specific structure., Hierarchical name space, Hierarchical name space is where the name is made up of several parts., ◼ 1st part- Nature of Organization, ◼ 2nd part – Name of Organization, ◼ 3rd part –Department of Organization,  Name Servers, Name Server is a main part in the Domain Name System. It translate the domain names, to IP addresses. Name server contains the DNS database ., Types of Name Servers, Root Name Server –top level server which contains entire DNS, maintained by ICANN. There, are 13 servers., Primary/Master Name Server – Contains a zone resource records. These records are updatable, by domain name holders such as Organizations., Secondary/Slave Name Server – Contains a copy of primary server files. This server has no, authority to update, but reduce the workload.,  Zone, The entire name space is divided into many different zones. Zone is defined as a group, of contiguous domains and sub domains. If the zone has a single domain, then zone and domain, are the same., , 73, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3. Explain about Name Server?,  Name Server is a main part in the Domain name System (DNS). It translates the, domain names to IP addresses.,  Name server contains the DNS database which consists of domain names and their, corresponding IP addresses.,  There is a need to store large number of domains for the world wide usage.,  So, plenty of servers are used in the hierarchical manner.,  Name servers do the important task of searching the domain names., Types of Name Servers,  Root Name Server, Top level server which contains entire DNS tree, maintained by ICANN. There are 13, servers.,  Primary/Master Name Server, It contains a zone resource records. These records are updatable by domain name, holders such as organizations.,  Secondary/Slave Name Server, It contains a copy of primary server files. This server has no authority to update, but, reduce the workload of master server by sharing the queries., 4. Explain how the DNS is working., ➔ The users enters the URL in the browser, the system first checks its DNS cache for the, corresponding IP address., ➔ If the IP address is found in the cache then the information is retrieved from cache., ➔ The system needs to query the resolver about the IP address from Internet Service, Provider (ISP), ➔ Each resolver has its own cache and if it is found in that then that information is, retrieved., ➔ The computer browser which is then viewed by the user., , 74, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5. What is domain name space? Explain., ⚫ Domain name space was designed to achieve hierarchical name space., ⚫ The names are represented as a tree like structure with root element on the top., ⚫ This tree can have a maximum of 128 levels starting from root element taking the level 0, to level 127., ⚫ Each node in the tree has a label and a domain name., Label,  It is a string which can have maximum of 63 characters.,  Domain is a sub tree in domain names space tree structure. The domain can be further, divided into sub domains., Domain Name,  It is the sequence of labels. In domain name the sequence of labels are separated by, dot(.).,  The domain name is always read from the lower level to higher level form the leaf node, to root node.,  The root node always represent NULL string, all the domain name ending with dot., Basic Rules of Domain Names,  Domain can consists of Alphabets a to z and the digits 0 to 9,  Hyphens are allowed, but hyphens can not be used as first character of a domain, name.,  Spaces are not allowed.,  Special symbols ( !, $, &, _ ) are not permitted.,  Domain names have the minimum length of 2 and the maximum length of 63, characters.,  It may by upper, lower or mixing of both case letters., , 75, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 13. NETWORK CABLING, 2 Mark, , 1.Write a note on twister pair cable., It is type of cable with two or more insulated wires twister together. It started with the, speed of 10 Mbps., 2. What are the uses of USB cables?, Universal Serial Bus, connects all the peripheral devices with the computers., 3. Write a note on the types of RJ45 connector., There are two wiring schemes available to terminate the twister-pair cable on each end,, which are T-568A and T-568B., 4. What is an Ethernet port?, The Ethernet port is the jack where the Ethernet cable is to be connected. This port will, be there in both the computers and the LAN port., , 5. What is the use of Crimping tool?, The crimping tool is a physical tool which is used to connect the patch wire and the, Ethernet connector (RJ45), , 6. What are the types of twisted pair cables?,  Shielded Twister pair (STP),  Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP), 7. What is meant by Champ connector?,  RJ-21 connector has 50 pins with 25 pins a the one end and 25 pins at the other end it is, also called as champ connector., , 76, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Write a note on crossover cables., The first coloured wire at one end of the cable is the third coloured wire at the other, end of the cable. It is called crossover cables., 2. Write a short note on RJ45 connector., The RJ45 Ethernet connector is a small plastic cup which will be used to connect the, wire inside the connector and ready to use to connect the Internet., 3. What are the differences between serial and parallel ports?, Serial port, , Parallel port, , 9 pins, , 25 pins, , Male port, , Female port, , Purple in color, , Green in color, , Slower than Parallel port, , Faster than Serial port, , 2 wires used, , 8 or more wires, , 4. What is meant by null modem cable?, A communication method directly connects two computers without modem or any, equipment., 5. What are the components involved in Ethernet cabling?,  Patch cable (Twisted pair),  RJ45 Connector,  Ethernet Ports,  Crimping tool, 6. What are the types of Fiber optic cables?, Single mode cables are used for long distance transmission and at a high cost whereas, the multimode cables are used for short distance transmission at a very low cost., , 77, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, , 1.What is meant by Registered Jack? Explain briefly the types of Jacks., A Registered Jack commonly known as RJ is a network interface used for network, cabling, wiring and jack construction., The primary function of the registered jack is to connect different data equipment and, telecommunication devices., The commonly known registered jacks are RJ-11,JR-45,RJ-21, and RJ-28, The Registered Jack refers to the male physical connector (Plug), a female physical, connector (Jack) and it’s wiring., RJ-11,  It is the most popular modern form of registered jack.,  It is found in home and office.,  This Registered jack is mainly used in telephone and landlines.,  There are 6 pin where,  The two pins give the transmission configuration.,  The two pins give the receiver configuration,  The two pins will be kept for reserved., RJ-14 and RJ-61, ⚫ The RJ-14 is the same as RJ-11 which will be used for telephone lines where same it as, 6 pins whereas the RJ-61 will have 8 pins., ⚫ This RJ-61 will use the twisted pair cable with a modular connection., RJ-21, ⚫ RJ-21 connector has 50 pins with 25 pins at one end and 25 pins at the other end., ⚫ It is also called as champ connector., ⚫ The RJ-21 interface is typically used for data communication trucking applications., , 78, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Explain wiring techniques used in Ethernet cabling., There are three types of wiring techniques to construct the Ethernet cable., 1) Straight-Through Wiring, 2) Cross-over Wiring, 3) Roll-over Wiring, Straight-Through Wiring,  Ethernet cables used for Ethernet connections are “straight through cables”.,  These cable wires are in the same sequence at both ends of the cable .,  That pin 1 of the plug on one end is connected to pin 1 of the plug on the other end., (T568A & T568B),  The straight through wiring cables are most used for connecting PC/NIC card to a hub.,  This is a simple physical connection used in printers, computers and other network, interfaces., Cross-Over Wiring,  Crossover cable is used to connect two computers or Ethernet devices directly together, without a hub.,  That pin 1 & 2 of the plug on one end are connected with pin 3 & 6 of the plug on, other end.,  The Null modem cables are the example of the crossover cables., Roll-over Wiring,  Rollover cable is a type of null-modem cable that is often used to connect a device, console port to make programming changes to the device.,  That pins on one end are connected with other end in reverse order.,  Rollover cable is also known as Yost cable or console cable ., , 79, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3. Explain the components used in Ethernet cabling., Three main components are used in the Ethernet cabling., 1. Patch cable (Twisted pair), 2. RJ45 Connector, 3. Ethernet Ports, 4. Crimping Tool,  Patch Cable (Twisted Pair), These cable are generally made up of 8 wires in different colors., Four of them are solid colors and the others are striped., The eight colors are 1.White green, 2. White orange, 3. White blue, 4. White brown,  RJ45 Connector, The RJ45 connector is a small plastic cup which will be used to connect the wire inside, the connector and ready to connect the Internet., Each RJ45 connector has eight pins and connected to each end of the Ethernet cable., There are Two wiring schemes available to the twisted-pair cable on each end, which are, T-568A and T-568B,  Ethernet card and Port, Ethernet card is a Network Interface Card (NIC) that allows computers to connect and, transmit data to the devices on the network., Ethernet card which is inserted into PCI slot on motherboard of a computer., Now a days’ most of the computers come with built-in Ethernet cards which resides on, motherboard.,  Crimping tool, The Crimping tool is a physical tool which is used to connect the patch wire and the, Ethernet connector (RJ45), The crimping tool looks like a small cutting handle with two mold of Ethernet port., , 80, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 4.Explain the type of Network Cables.,  Coaxial Cables,  This cable was invented at late 1880’s which is used to connect the television sets to, home antennas.,  This cable is used to transfer information in 10 mbps. The cable is divided into thinnet, and thicknet cables.,  Coaxial cables are also used for dish TV where the setup box and television is, connected using the coaxial cable only.,  Twisted Pair Cables,  It is type of cable with two or more insulated wires twisted together. It started with the, speed of 10 mbps.,  There are two types of twisted pair cables, Unshielded Twisted Pair and Shielded, Twisted pair cables,  Fiber Optics:,  This cable strands of glass and pulse of light is used to send the information.,  They are mainly used in Wide Area Network (WAN),  These cables are placed in deep underground to avoid any damage to the cables.,  Single-mode cables are used for long distance transmission and at a high cost.,  Multi-mode cables are used for short distance transmission at a very low cost.,  USB Cables,  The Universal Serial Bus are used to connect keyboard, mouse and other peripheral, devices.,  To connect the Internet through the USB called dongles.,  The dongle is a small peripheral device with a sim slot and connects the Internet., , 81, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], ,  Serial and Parallel cables,  In the year of 1980s to 1990s the Ethernet and the USB were not developed.,  Then the Serial and Parallel interface cables are used to connect the Internet to the, system.,  The serial port will send 1 bit at one time. The parallel port will send 8 bit at one time.,  Parallel cables are used to connect to the printer and other disk drivers.,  Ethernet Cables,  Ethernet cable is the most common type of network cable mainly used for connecting the, computer or devices at home or office.,  This cable connects wired devices within the local area network for sharing the, resources and accessing Internet.,  This cable works at a speed of 10Gbps and more., , 3. Explain about RJ45 Connector,  The RJ45 connector is a small plastic cup which will be used to connect the wire inside, the connector and ready to connect the Internet.,  The RJ45 connector looks similar like a telephone jack but it looks a slightly wider.,  The Ethernet cables are sometime called as RJ45 cables.,  In RJ45 the “RJ” stands for the Registered Jack and “45” simply refers to the number of, interface standard in the cable.,  Each RJ45 connector has eight pins and connected to each end of the Ethernet cable.,  There are Two wiring schemes available to the twisted-pair cable on each end, which are, T-568A and T-568B, , 82, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 14. OPEN SOURCE CONCEPTS, 2 Mark, 1.What is meant by network simulator?, A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a, computer network., 2. What is trace file?, A document file, consists of every incident happens in a simulation., 3. Write short notes on NS2., Network Simulator Version 2 : OTCL and C++ used to create and run NS2. It works, on Windows and Linux that supports wired or wireless network., 4. Explain NRCFOSS, National Resource Centre for Free and Open Source Software an Institution of, Government of India. To help in development of FOSS in India., 5. Write short note on Open NMS?, Open NMS (Network Management System) is a free and open-source initiative grade, network monitoring and management platform., , 3 Mark, 1.What are the uses of Open source Network Software?, ➔ Select and use any software, ➔ Without any cost and restrictions., ➔ Software are very user friendly., ➔ Program writing skills., , 2. Explain Free software., Free software a concept developed in the 1980s by an MIT computer science researcher,, Richard Stallman is defined by four conditions, by the nonprofit Free Software Foundation., , 83, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Differentiate Proprietary and open source software., Proprietary Software, , Open Source Software, , It is owned by the individual or organization, , It is developed and tested through Open, Collaboration, , The Project is managed by developers and, programmers, , The Project is managed by group of, individuals or team work., , It provides limited scope with restrictions and, all, , It provides better flexibility and more, freedom, , Not Edit the source code, , Edit the source code, , Ex: Android, Firefox etc.,, , Ex: Windows, Mac Os etc.,, , 2. List out the Benefits of Open Source Software,  There are many open source software’s. so, we can select and use any software.,  The complete options of the software can be used without any cost and restrictions.,  We can share our ideas with the team, write the required code and share it with many.,  We can learn many ideas and make our program writing skills more efficient.,  Many open source software are very user friendly., 3. Explain various Open Source License., 1. Apache License 2.0, , 6. MIT License, , 2. BSD 3-Clause “New” or “Revised”, license, , 7. Mozilla Public License 2.0, , 3. BSD 2-Clause “Simplified” or, “FreeBSD” license, , 8. Common Development and, Distribution License, , 4. GNU General Public License(GPL), , 9. Eclipse Public License, , 5. GNU Library or “Lesser” General, Public License(LGPL), , 85, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 15. E-COMMERCE, 2 Mark, 1.Define E-Commerce., E-Commerce can be described as the process of buying or selling products, services or, information via Internet., 2. Distinguish between E-Business and E-Commerce., E-Commerce, , E-Business, , Subset, , Superset, , Commercial transactions Business transactions, Website, , Website, CRM, ERP etc.,, , Internet, , Internet, Intranet, Extranet, , 3. Differentiate tangible goods and electronic goods with example of your own., Tangible, , Electronic(intangible), , They have a physical, Existence., , They do not have a physical, Existence., , Ex: Vehicle, plant,, machinery etc.,, , Ex: Software, Logo, patent, etc.,, , 4. What is dotcom bubble and dotcom burst?,  The Dotcom Bubble was a historic excessive growth.,  The Dotcom Burst was Nasdaq-Composite stock market index., 5. Write a short note on out-sourcing.,  Hiring third party service providers to handle business on behalf., 6. Write a short note on the third wave of E-Commerce., The third wave is brought on by the mobile technologies. It connects users via mobile, devices for real-time and on-demand transactions., , 86, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Describe how E-Commerce is related to socio-technological changes.,  Growth of E-Commerce is also related to the socio-technological changes.,  Increase of users, increases the markets.,  Technology facilitates E-Commerce’s growth., 2. Explain B2B module in E-Commerce., B2B E-Commerce, commercial transactions take place between different business, organizations, through the Internet. Ex: A cycle company may buy tyres from another, company for their cycles., 3. Write a note on name-your-price websites., These websites generate revenue through affiliate links, sponsored advertisement or, even a small commission in every booking. Ex: Name-your-price websites., 4. Write a note on physical product dispute of E-Commerce., Physical product disputes are a major disadvantage in E-commerce. E-commerce, purchases are often made on trust. This is because, we do not have physical access to the, product., 5 Mark, 1.Write about the development and growth of Electronic Commerce.,  The First Wave of Electronic Commerce: 1995-2003, The Dotcom companies of first wave are mostly American companies. Websites were, only in English.,  The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce: 2004-2009, The second wave is the rebirth of E-Commerce after the dotcom burst. The second wave, is considered as the global wave.,  The Third Wave of Electronic Commerce: 2010-Present, The third wave is brought on by the mobile technologies. It connects users via mobile, devices for real-item and on-demand transactions., , 87, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. List all the E-Commerce Business models and explain any four briefly., 1. Business to Business (B2B), 2. Business to Consumer (B2C), 3. Business to Government (B2G), 4. Consumer to Business (C2B), 5. Consumer to Consumer (C2C), 6. Consumer to Government (C2G), 7. Government to Business (G2B), 8. Government to Consumer (G2C), 9. Government to Government (G2G), 1. Business to Business (B2B), B2B E-Commerce, commercial transactions take place between different business, organizations, through the Internet. Ex: A cycle company may buy tyres from another, company for their cycles., 2. Business to Consumer (B2C), B2C E-Commerce, commercial transactions take place between business firms and their, consumers. Ex: A book company selling books to customers., 3. Business to Government (B2G), B2G is a business model that refers to business organizations sells products, services or, information to Governments. Ex: A Government buys laptops for students from a business., 4. Consumer to Business (C2B), C2B is websites generate revenue through affiliate links, sponsored advertisement or, even a small commission in every booking. Ex: Name-your price websites., 5. Consumer to Consumer (C2C), C2C in E-Commerce provides opportunity for trading of products or services among, consumers who are connected through the Internet. Ex: Olx.com, , 88, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 6. Consumer to Government (C2G), C2G models usually include income tax or house tax payments, fees for certificates or, other documents. Ex: People paying for renewal of license online., 7. Government to Business (G2B), G2B is a part of e-governance, provides information about business rules, requirement, and permission needed for starting new business. Ex: websites support auctions, tenders and, application submission., 8. Government to Consumer (G2C), G2C in E-Commerce is very similar to C2G. The government provides platform for its, citizens to services and information through internet. Ex: paying taxes, registering vehicles etc.,, 9. Government to Government (G2G), G2G is the online interaction between Government organizations or departments., Ex: internal facing or local level, External facing or international level., , 3. How would you differentiate a traditional commerce and E-Commerce?, Traditional Commerce, , E-Commerce, , Traditional commerce is buying or selling of, products and services physically., , E-Commerce carries out commercial, transactions electronically on the Internet., , Scope of business in limited to particular, area., , Scope of business is global., , Resource focus supply side., , Resource focus Demand side., , Business Relationship is Linear (face to face)., , Business Relationship is End-to-end., , Marketing is one way marketing., , One-to-one marketing., , Payment: is made by cash, cheque, cards etc., , Payment: credit card and through fund transfer, , Most goods are delivered instantly., , It takes time to transport goods., , 89, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 4. Explain any five E-Commerce revenue models.,  Affiliate site, The affiliate site may be a price comparison service or shopping. Ex: offering more, information.,  Auction site, Auction site is a kind of website, that auctions items on the Internet and some, commission from the sales Ex: ebay.com,  Banner advertisement site, Banner advertisement site displays advertisements of other companies in its websites, and earns revenue.,  Bulk-buying sites, Bulk-buying sites collect a number of users together all of who want to buy similar items., The site negotiates a discount with the supplier and takes a commission.,  Digital publishing sites, This sites e-books or magazines on the web. Profits in a number of ways such as, advertising, selling etc.,,  Licensing sites, Licensing sites allow other websites to make use of their software. Ex: search engines, which allow a visitor of the site to search within the website more easily.,  Name-your-price sites, It is normal retail sits. The retailer for a particular product or service.,  Online shopping mall site, It allows multi E-Commerce traders to assemble together on a single website., Ex: All sell Luxury goods., , 90, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of E-Commerce to a consumer?, Advantages of E-Commerce, ◼ E-Commerce system is operated on all days business 24 x 7., ◼ Speed is a major advantage in E-Commerce., ◼ More cheaper and effective product., ◼ Comparing and evaluating the same product at different websites., ◼ Customers can shop from home or any where., ◼ Payments can also made through online., Disadvantages of E-Commerce, ◼ E-Commerce we should wait between placing the order and the product in hand., ◼ We can see pictures of a cloth, but not its quality., ◼ Delivery and security issues., ◼ The possibility of credit card number theft., ◼ Transaction problems., ◼ Lack of touch and feel of product., , 91, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 16. ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS, 2 Mark, 1.Define Electronic Payment System., Electronic payment refers to a payment made form one bank account to another bank, account using electronic methods., 2. Distinguish micro electronic payment and macro electronic payment., Micro electronic payment, , Macro electronic payment, , On-line payment system designed to allow, efficient and frequent payments of small, amounts., , Macro electronic payment systems support, payments of higher value., , In order to keep transaction costs very low,, the communication and computational costs, are minimized here., , The security requirements are more rigorous, in macro payment systems because of huge, money transactions., , 3. List the types of micro electronic payments based on its algorithm., Hash chain, Hash Collisions, Shared secrete keys, probability based micro electronic, payment systems., 4. Explain the concept of e-wallet., Electronic purses allow users to make electronic transactions quickly and securely., 5. What is a fork in crypto currency?, The authors make only a few minor changes in parameters like time, date, distribution, of blocks, number of coins, etc. These currencies are called as fork., , 92, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Define micro electronic payment and its role in E-Commerce., Micro electronic payment is an on-line payment system designed to allow efficient and, frequent payments of small amounts., Role in E-Commerce,  Electronic payment for online transactions,  Increasingly popular due to the widespread use of the internet-based shopping and, banking., 2. Compare and contrast the credit card and debit card., Credit card, , Debit card, , Credit card is pay later., , Debit card is pay now., , Interest is charged, , No interest is charged., , To pay the credit card bill, The amount is directly deducted from the, within 30 days of every month, customer’s Account, , 3. Explain briefly Anatomy of a credit card.,  Plastic cards of size, , - 85.60 mm width x53.98 mm height, ,  Rounded corners with a radius, , - 2.88mm to 3.48mm, ,  Thickness, , - 0.76mm, , 4. briefly explain the stored value card and its types., Stored value card is a type of debit card that is pay before. Customers don’t need to, have a bank account. Types: Closed loop (single purpose) Ex: Chennai metro rail travel card., Open loop (multipurpose) Ex: Visa Gift cards., 5. Write a note on mining in crypto currency., The crypto currency units are created by the solution of cryptographic tasks called, mining. The miners not only generate new monetary units, but also initiate new transactions, to the block chain., , 93, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.What is credit card? Explain the key players of a credit card payment system and bring, out the merits of it., Credit card,  Credit card is an electronic payment system normally used for retail transactions.,  A credit card enables the bearer to buy goods or services from a vendor, based on the, cardholder’s promise to the value later with an agreed interest., Key players in opearations of credit card, 1. Bearer, The holder of the credit card account who is responsible for payment of, invoices in full or portion of the balance., 2. Merchant, Storekeeper or vendor who sell or providing service, receiving payment made, by its customers through the credit card., 3. Acquirer, Merchant’s bank that is responsible for receiving payment on behalf of merchant, send authorization requests to the issuing bank through the appropriate, channels., 4. Credit card Network, It acts as the intermediate between the banks. That process credit card payments, worldwide and interchange fees. Ex: Visa, MasterCard, Rupay, 5. Issuer, Bearer’s bank, that issue the credit card, set limit of purchases, decides the, approval of transactions, issue invoices for payment, charges the holders etc.,, , 94, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. Briefly explain Electronic Account Transfer and its types., Electronic Account Transfer, Apart from card based payment systems there are many alternative electronic payment, systems., Types of Electronic Account Transfer, 1. ECS(Electronic Clearing Services), 2. EFT(Electronic funds transfers), 3. RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement System ), Electronic Clearing Services (ECS),  Electronic clearing service can be defined as repeated transfer of funds from one bank, account to multiple bank accounts or using computer and internet technology., Electronic Funds Transfer,  Electronic Funds Transfer is the “electronic transfer” of money over and online, network.,  Bank may charge commission for using this service.,  The amount sent from the sender’s bank branch is credited to the receiver’s bank, branch on the same day in batches., Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS),  Real Time Gross Settlement system (RTGS) is a payment system particularly used for, the settlement of transactions between financial institutions, especially banks.,  Real-item gross settlement is generally employed for large-value interbank funds, transfers.,  High-value payment settlements among financial institutions., , 95, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3. Write a note on a) Internet banking b) Mobile banking, a) Internet banking,  Internet banking is a online banking, E-banking, virtual banking , direct banks, web, banking and remote banking.,  This is a very fast and convenient way of performing any banking transactions.,  The online banking system will typically connect to the core banking system operated, by customers themselves ( Self-Service banking),  It enables customers of a bank to conduct a wide range of financial transactions, through its website., b) Mobile banking,  The term mobile banking also called m-banking refers to the services provided by the, bank to the customer of mobile phones.,  These transactions include balance checking, account transfers, payments, purchases, etc.,  transactions can be done at any time and any where., , 4.What is crypto currency? Explain the same.,  A crypto currency is a unique virtual asset designed to work as a medium of exchange, using cryptographic algorithm.,  This algorithm secures the transactions by recording it in block chain and controls the, creation of additional units of the currency.,  Crypto currency is also called as crypto coins, e-cash, alternative currencies or virtual, currencies and are classified as a subset of digital currencies.,  Crypto currency can be defined as distributed accounting system based on, cryptography, storing information about the state of ownership in conventional units.,  The state of ownership of a crypto currency is related to individual system blocks, called “portfolios”., , 96, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5.Explain in detail: Unified Payments interface,  Unified Payments Interface is a real time payment system developed by National, Payments Corporation of India (NCPI) to facilitate inter-bank transactions.,  It is simple, secure and instant payment facility.,  UPI is developed on the basis of Immediate Payment Service (IMPS).,  Global address includes bank account numbers and IFSC.,  Local address is a virtual payment address.,  UPI withdraws and deposits funds directly form the bank account whenever a, transaction is requested., Advantages.,  Immediate money transfers through mobile device round the clock 24x7,  Can use single mobile application for accessing multiple bank accounts.,  Single click Authentication for transferring of fund.,  It is not required to details such as Card no, Account number, IFSC etc. for every, transaction.,  Electronic payments will become much easier without requiring digital wallet or credit, or debit card., , 97, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 17. E-COMMERCE SECURITY SYSTEMS, 2 Mark, 1.Write about information leakage in E-Commerce.,  The content of the transaction between the vendor and customer is stolen by the third, party.,  The documents provided by the merchant to the customer or illegally used by the, another., 2. Write a short note on typopiracy., Some fake websites try to take advantage of users common typographical errors typing, a website address and direct users to a different website. Ex: www.goggle.com,, www.faceblook.com, 3. Define not-repudiation., Non-repudiation: prevention against violation agreement after the deal., It ensures that the signer who digitally signed the document cannot deny having signed it., 4. List the different types of security technologies in E-commerce.,  Encryption technology,  Authentication technology,  Authentication protocols, 5. Write about digital signature., A digital signature is a mechanism that is used to verify that a particular digital, document, message or transaction is authentic., , 3 Mark, 1.Write a note on certification authorities (CA), Digital certificate is an electronic document used to prove the ownership of a public, key. This certificate includes the information about the sender’s identity, digital signatures,, passports and driving licenses. Digital certificates are issued by recognized Certification, Authorities (CA)., , 98, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 2. List some E-Commerce Security Threats?, ◆ Information leakage, ◆ Tampering, ◆ Payment frauds, ◆ Malicious code threats, ◆ Distributed Denial of Service Attacks, ◆ Cyber Squatting, ◆ Typopiracy, 3. Differentiate asymmetric and symmetric algorithms., Symmetric Key Encryption, , Asymmetric Key Encryption, , Same key is used for both encryption and, decryption, , Different keys are used for encryption and, decryption, , Speed of encryption or decryption is very fast, , Speed of encryption or decryption is slow, , Plain text and cipher text are of same size, , The size of cipher text is always greater than, plain text., , 4. Write a note on PGP., Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption uses a serial combination of hashing, data, compression, symmetric-key cryptography and works on the concept of “web of trust”, 5. Explain 3D secure payment protocols., 3D Secure is a secure payment protocol on the Internet. It was developed by Visa to, increase the level of transaction security, ant it has been adapted by Master Card.,  Acquirer Domain,  Issuer Domain,  Interoperability Domain, , 99, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1.Write about dimensions of E-Commerce Security.,  Authenticity: conforming genuineness of data shared.,  Availability: prevention against data delay or removal.,  Completeness: unification of all business information.,  Confidentiality: protecting data against unauthorized disclosure.,  Effectiveness: effective handling of hardware, software and data.,  Integrity: prevention of the data being unaltered or modified.,  Non-repudiation: prevention against violation agreement after the deal.,  Privacy: Prevention of customers personal data being used by others.,  Reliability: providing a reliable identification of the individuals or businesses.,  Review ability: capability of monitoring activities to audit and track the operations., 2. Differentiate Digital Signatures and Digital Certificates., Digital Signature, , Digital Certificate, , Digital Signature is a mechanism that is used, to verify that a particular digital document., , Digital Certificate is a computer file Which, officially approves the certificate., , Digital signatures are used to verify the, trustworthiness of the data being sent, , Digital certificates are used to verify the, trustworthiness of the sender., , It provides authentication, non-repudiation, and integrity, , It provides authentication and security., , A digital signature is created using a Digital, Signature Standard (DSS). Ex: SHA1 SHA2, , A digital certificate works o the principles of, public key cryptography standards (PKCS)., Ex: X.509 or PGP format., , The document is encrypted at the sending end, and decrypted at the receiving end using, asymmetric keys., , A digital certificate consist of certificates, owner name and public key, expiration date,, Certificate Authority’s name and digital, Signature., , 100, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3. Explain Encryption technology.,  Encryption technology, Encryption technology is an effective information security protection. It is defined as, converting a Plaintext into meaningless Cipher text using encryption algorithm thus ensuring, the confidentiality of the data., Two Encryption technologies, ◆ Symmetric key encryption, ◆ Asymmetric key encryption,  Symmetric key encryption,  The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a Symmetric key data encryption, method.,  Same key is used for both encryption and decryption.,  Speed of encryption or decryption is very fast.,  Plain text and cipher text are of same size.,  Algorithms like DES, AES,RC4 uses symmetric key encryption.,  Provides confidentiality.,  Asymmetric key encryption,  The Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) is a Asymmetric key encryption method.,  Different keys are used for encryption and decryption.,  Speed of encryption or decryption is slow.,  The size of cipher text is always greater than plain text.,  Algorithms like RSA,ECC,DSA use asymmetric key encryption.,  Provides confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiation., , 101, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 4. Define Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) and its features.,  Secure Electronic Transaction is a security protocol for electronic payments, with credit cards, in particular via the Internet.,  SET was developed in 1996 by VISA and Master Card, with the participation of, GTE, IBM, Microsoft and Netscape.,  SET is based on the used of digital signatures and the encryption of transmitted, data with asymmetric and symmetric encryption algorithms., Features,  Using public key encryption and private key encryption ensure data, confidentiality.,  Use information digest technology to ensure the integrity of information.,  Dual signature technology to ensure the identity of both parties in the, transaction., , 5. Briefly Explain Secure Sockets Layers (SSL)., ◼ The most common Cryptographic protocol is Secure Sockets Layers., ◼ SSL is a hybrid encryption protocol for securing transactions over the, Internet., ◼ User using an internet browser to connect to an SSL secured E-Commerce site., ◼ Today, all browsers in the market support SSL, and most of the, Secure Communications., ◼ The URL starts with https:// instead of http:// where the “s” obviously means, Secured., , 102, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3 Mark, 1.Write a short note on EDI., The Electronic Data Interchange is the exchange of business documents between one, trade partner and another electronically. Delivery notes, invoices, purchase orders, advance, ship notice, functional acknowledgements etc., 2. List the various layers of EDI., ⚫ Semantic layer, ⚫ Standards translation layer, ⚫ Transport layer, ⚫ Physical layer, 3. Write a note on UN/EDIFACT., United Nations/Electronic Data Interchange For Administration, Commerce and, Transport (UN/EDIFACT) is an International EDI – standard developed under the, supervision of the United Nations., 4. Write a note on EDIFACT message., The basic standardization concept of EDIFACT is that there are uniform message, types called United Nations Standard Message (UNSM). Six uppercase English alphabets. The, message begins with UNH and ends with UNT., 5. Write about EDIFACT separators., Character, , Uses, , Apostrophe ‘, , Segment terminator, , Plus sign +, , Segment tag and data element separator, , Color :, , Component data element separator, , Question mark, ?, , Release character, , Period ., , Decimal point, , 104, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 5 Mark, 1. Briefly explain various types of EDI., ◼ Direct EDI/Point-to-Point, It is also called as Point-to-Point EDI. It establishes a direct connection between, various business stakeholders and partners individually., ◼ EDI via VAN, EDI via VAN (Value Added Network) is where EDI documents are transferred with, the support of third party network service providers., ◼ EDI via FTP/VPN, SFTP,FTPS, When protocols like FTP/VPN, SFTP and FTPS are used for exchange of EDI based, documents through the Internet or Intranet., ◼ Web EDI, Web based EDI conducts EDI using and web browser via the Internet. To use any, browser to transfer data to their business partners. Web based EDI is easy and convenient for, small and medium organizations., ◼ Mobile EDI, Smart phones or other such handheld devices are used to transfer EDI documents it is, called as mobile EDI. Mobile EDI applications considerably increase the speed of EDI, transactions., 2. What are the advantages of EDI?,  Improving service to end users,  Increasing productivity,  Minimizing errors,  Slashing response times,  Automation of operations,  Cutting costs,  Integrating all business and trading partners,  Providing information on process status,  Optimizing financial ratios, , 105, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com

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Muhyiddeen, Matric Hr. Sec. School-Kayalpatnam, Tuticorin dt, www.kalvisolai.com, , D.JENISwww.studymaterial.kalvisolai.com, MCA., Email: [email protected], , 3. Write about structure of EDIFACT., EDIFACT is a hierarchical structure where the top level is referred to as an, interchange, and lower levels contain multiple messages. The message consist of segments., The final iteration is a data element.,  Segment Tables, Segment table lists the message tags. Ex: C10 indicates repetitions of a segment or, group between 0 and 10.,  EDI Interchange, ▪, , Interchange is also called as envelope., , ▪, , The top level of EDIFACT structure is Interchange., , ▪, , Interchange may contain multiple messages. It starts with UNB and ends with, UNZ., ,  EDIFACT Message, The basic standardization concept of EDIFACT is the there are uniform message types, called United Nations Standard Message (UNSM). The message begins with UNH and, ends with UNT.,  EDIFACT Segments, It is the subset of message. A segment is a three-character alphanumeric code., Segments may contain one or several related user data elements.,  EDIFACT Elements, The elements are the piece of actual data. These data elements may be either simple or, composite., , 106, , www.books.kalvisolai.com, , www.tamilgk.kalvisolai.com