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EXPERIMENT, 8.1, AIM, To identify the functional group in the given organic compound., Experiment, Observation, Inference, 1. Litmus Test: Place a drop of the Blue litmus solution turns red., given liquid or a crystal of the solid, compound on moist blue litmus, The given organic compound is, an acidic compound. Presence of, COOH group or phenolic group, (Ar-OH) is indicated., рaper., 48, PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY CLASS XI
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Еxperime, 2. Sodium Bicarbonate Test: To 1-2 Brisk effervescences are, ml of 10% NaHCO, solution, add 5 seen., drops of the given liquid compound, or a few crystals of the given solid., The given compound contains, -COOH group., 3. Ester Test: To 1 ml of the given liquid Fruity smell., compound or about 0.5 g of the solid,, add 1 ml ethanol, 2-3 drops of conc., H,SO, Warm the test-tube in boiling, water for 5 minutes, then pour the, -COOH group is confirmed., contents into cold water., 4. Neutral Ferric Chloride Test: To 1 No red colour., ml of neutral ferric chloride solution,, add a few drops of the given liquid or, few crystals of the solid. Shake., Phenolic group is absent., RESULT, The given organic compound contains carboxylic acid group (-COOH).
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AIM, To identify the functional group in the given organic compound., Experiment, Observation, Inference, 1. Solubility Test: To a few drops or a The compound dissolves., few crystals of the given compound, add 2-3 ml dil HCI. Shake., -NH, group may be present., 2. Litmus Test: Place a drop or crystal Blue litmus turns red., of compound on moist red litmus, The given compound is basic in, nature, may contain-NH, group., рaper., 3. Carbylamine Test: 5 drops or few Unpleasant smell of, crystals of the compound + 5 drops carbylamine., chloroform + 2 ml alcoholic KOH., -NH, group is confirmed., Warm the test-tube gently., 4. Dye Test: Dissolve 1 g sodium nitrite Orange ppt., in 3 ml water, cool in ice (< 5°C). In, another test-tube, dissolve a few, The given organic compound is, aromatic primary amine., drops of the given compound in 1 ml, conc HCI. Cool in ice and mix the two, solutions. Pour the resulting solution, into a solution of B-naphthol in NaOH., RESULT, The given organic compound contains aromatic primary amino group (Ar-NH.)., EXPERIMENT 8.2(A). Test-tubes A, B and C contain three alcohols. Perform the Lucas test and identify which
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11) Dacyci, soln. Decolourization of pink colour., Ex, observallon Infrence, 2. TESTS FOR ALCOHOLIC GROUP, EX Sodium Test: Liquid + anhydrous calcium sulphate. Decant. Decantate + a dry piece of sodium metal., -observaHon, Brisk effervescence., (ii), Ester Test: 1 ml compound +1 ml acetic acid + 2-3 drops conc. H,SO. Warm, cool and pour into water., A fruity smell., (iii) Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Test: 1 ml compound in water or dioxane + few drops of ceric ammonium, obs, reagent. Appearance of pink or red colour. senva, (iv) Acetyl Chloride Test: 2 ml compound (water free) + 2-3 drops of acetyl chloride. Bring a glass rod, dipped in NH OH near the mouth of the test-tube. White fumes. observai, (v) lodoform Test: For ethanol, acetone and secondary methyl alcohols. 0.5 ml compound +1 ml 1% I, soln. + dropwise 5% NaOH soln. Warm on a water bath. Yellow ppt. bscY, (vi) Lucas Test: 1 ml of dry alcohol + 5-10 drops of Lucas reagent. Shake. Immediate cloudiness (tertiary),, cloudiness within 5 minutes (secondary), no cloudiness (primary)., CROUP, dnaes red.
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To prepare crystals of ferrous ammonium sulphate (Mohr's salt)., AIM, Mohr's salt is prepared by dissolving an equimolar mixture of hydrated ferrous sulphate and, ammonium sulphate in minimum amount of water containing a little sulphuric acid, evapo-, rating the resulting solution to crystallization point and then keeping it aside for cooling un-, disturbed when light blue crystals of ferrous ammonium sulphate, FeSO, (NH,) SO, 6H O, PRINCIPLE, separate out., FeSO, 7H,O +, FeSO, (NH,),SO,6H,O + H,O, (NH,),SO,, 278 g/mol, 132 g/mol, 392 g/mol, Two 250 ml beakers, china-dish, glass-rod, funnel, filter papers, wash-bottle, funnel stand,, sand-bath and tripod stand., APPARATUS, MATERIALS, 1. Ferrous sulphate 10 g, 2. Ammonium sulphate = 4.7 g, 3. Dilute sulphate acid = 2-3 ml, PROCEDURE, (i) Preparing Solution:, (a) Transfer 10 grams of ferrous sulphate crystals and 4.7, grams of solid ammonium sulphate provided to you in, packets into a clean 250 ml beaker. To this, add about 2-3, ml dilute sulphuric acid to prevent hydrolysis of ferrous, sulphate into ferrous hydroxide., Glass rod, (b) Take about 50 ml of distilled water in another clean beaker, and boil it for at least 5 minutes to expell dissolved air., (c) Add this boiling water in parts to the first beaker, containing salts and a little dilute sulphuric acid with, constant stirring using a glass rod till the salts dissolve., Try to dissolve the salts in minimum possible volume of, boiling water. Filter the solution (to remove impurities if, present) and collect the filtrate in a china-dish (Fig. 6.1)., Solid (residue) remains, on the filter paper, China dish, Stem touches inside wall, Filtrate, (ii) Concentration to Crystallization Point: Place the china, dish containing solution on a sand-bath which is directly, Fig. 6,1. Filtration using a funnel and filter paper, 35, PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY-CLASS XII
