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_ hone: ae Bee CH,COO indicated., Fe Burblaey ae Br 7 NO, > NO, may be present., ‘umes T indicated,, : 8. Smell of NH, NH,” indicated,, 2. Sublimate formed 1. White sublimate NH," indicated., 2. Grey or black Hg”* salt., | 3. Purple or black solid I indicated., . ie ing ue on Heating Pb(NO,), or Ba(NO,), may be present., 4, sees of solid PO,> or Al indicated., 5, Residue colour 1. White when hot and blue when cold Cu’ indicated., 2. Yellow when hot and white when cold Zn** indicated., 3. Blue when hot and rosy red when cold Co** indicated., 4. Dark brown when hot and yellow when cold Pb” indicated., 5. Brown when hot as well as cold Cd?* indicated., 6. White residue glows on heating Ba’*, S?*, Ca”*, Mg”, Al** indicated., 7. Dirty white or yellow on hot and green when cold Ni’, Fe?" indicated., 8. Black residue Cu*, Fe?*, Co™, Ni*, Fe™*, Mn”™*, indicated., , , , 3. FLAME TEST, , Soar ae form volatile chlorides with conc. HCl which impart characteristic colour to the flame by which cation can be, identified., This test is used to detect the presence of certain basic radicals such as Ba’*, Sr’*, Ca®* and Cu"., 5 URE, 1. Take a platinum wire and, dip it in cone. HCl taken, , , , , , , , PASTE OF THE, on a watch glass and heat MIXTURE IN, it strongly in the flame. CONC. HCI PLATINUM,, , Repeat this process till the WIRE, wire does not impart any, colour to the flame., , 2. Dip platinum wire in conc., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , HGlepu thea touche rae Fig. 8.1 MAKING A LOOP _Fig. 8.2 DIPPING THE PLATINUM WIRE Fig. 8.3 INTRODUCING THE, a given salt and heat it in OF PLATINUM WIRE IN THE PASTE OF SALT AND HCI WIRE IN THE FLAME, the flame of bunsen, burner. Observe the colour of the flame and draw the inferences according to the following table., Colour of the Flame al, With naked eye Through blue glass i Inference, i Invisible Na’ indicated., , 1, Persistent golden yellow ou Ry aodicalss, 2. Violet colour for short time i - sndies, 3. Brick red flame Light yellowish green Ca‘ indicated., 4. Apple green flame Green Ba’ indicated., 5. Crimson red flame Crimson Sr indicated,, 6. Intense blue surrounded by green flame vis ee indies, A Ghee eee Bluish green Zn?* and Mn** indicated, , , , , , , , , , , , 4, BORAX BEAD TEST, This test i lied only for coloured salts, e.g., Cu", Fe", Mn**, Ni**, Co**, Cr are detected by borax bead test. This test is based, on the fact that borax bead reacts with metal oxides to form metaborates which have characteristic colours., , SBROCEDURE, , 1. Make a small loop at the end of platinum wire., , | til it is red hot. Eee ate, s ary pn ci a watch glass and heat again. The borax will first swell up and will then fuse giving a, G y, , colourless, transparent, glass like bead.