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CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE, , 16, Buif Revi, CHEMICALS, , These, Antifertility drugs., , IN MEDICINE, , called medicines or drugs., , are, , Chemotherapy. The treatment of diseases with, , For, , Some common medicines are :, , example,, , and, combination of norethindrone, , These, , Antihistamines., , For example, aspirin, novalgin, etc., , actions, , Antipyretics. These are used to lower down the, body temperature in case of high fever., , Antacids. H.S.E.B. 2018) These, , to, , substances, , For example. dettol, iodoform., , pH, , to, , excess, , remove, , to, , carbonate,, , soap to impart antiseptic, Bithional is added, properties, 0.2% solution of phenol., , i, , used, , used, , the chemical, acid and raise, , are, , appropriate level in stomach., For example, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium, the, , can be applied on living tissues., , are, , reactions., , niramine. promethazine etc., , kill or prevent the growth of micro-organisms and, , (H.S.E.B. 2017) These, , allergic, , For example, diphenylhydramine, chlorphe, , paracetamol. phenacetin, etc., are, , of, , prevent thee, , For example, aspirin (acetyl salicyclic acid),, Antiseptics. (H.S.E.B. 2017) These, , the chemical, , are, , diminish o r abolish the main, substances which, and hence, histamine released in the body, , Analgesics. These are used to relieve pain., , Disinfectants., , also called oral contraceptives., , cthynylestradiol, mifepristonc. etc., , the help of ehemicals is called chemotherapy., , used, , the pregnancy. These, , conirol, , substances used to, , The chemicals used for treatment of diseases are, , the chemical, , are, , magnesium, , trisilicate, aluminium, , hydroxide gel, sodium bicarbonate and, , aluminium, , phosphate., , to, , kill micro-organisms but cannot be applied on, , Omeprazole, , living tissues., , antacids., , For example, 1.0% phenol solution., , and, , lansoprazole, , are, , also used, , as, , Antibiotics. (H.S.E.B. 2017) These are substances, , Germicides. These are used to kill germs, fungi, , which are produced by micro-organisms that can, , and viruses., , inhibit the growth or even destroy the other micro-, , For example, chlorine. phenol, cresols., , Tranquillizers., , These, , are, , used, , to, , organisms., , release mental, , For example, penicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin,, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, etc., , tensions and anxielies., , For cxample, equanil, derivatives of barbituric, , amytal, membutal, luminal, seconal, etc), diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, meprobamate, acid, (veronal,, , etc. Valium and serotonin are also used as, tranquillizers., , Antimicrobials. These, , (H.S.E.B. 2018; 2013), are, , the, , chemical, , substances used to cure infections due to micro-, , Antidepressants. These act on the central nervous, system and produce a feeling of well being and, improve the working eficiency of a person in the, depressed mood., For example, cocain, benzedrine, etc., , CHEMICALS, , IN FOOD, , organisms., , These are chemical substances which are added to, , For exampe, derivatives of sulphanilamides such, , food for, , as, , sulphadiazine, sulphadimidine, sulpha-, , dimethoxine, sulphasomidine., 194, , preservation, , For example:, , and, , enhancing, , their, , appeal.

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Food preservatives, CalasOsogNa, , These, , prevent the spoilage of food due to microbial, growth. e.g. Sodium benzoate, salts of propionic, , acid, sorbic acid., Artificial sweeteners, , benzene, , Ciz2s OSO, Na, , (H.S.E.B. 2015, 2014), , These are food additives for sweetening the food., , Sodiun donreyl nulphat, , e.g. sacehann, aspartame, alitame, sucralose., , CLEANSING, , Delergents may be, , AGENTS, are, , e.g. sodium sterate (C17H3s COONa). These cannot be used in hard water. On the other hand,, synthetic detergents are sodium salts of long chain, , CH0so Na, .Cationie : CH(CH2hs NCH3),C, Neutral, , sulphonates and sulphates., , OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS, (B) 0.20.4 ppm Chlorine in H;, , Select the correct choice:, Which enzyme converts sucrose into glucose, , (C), , and fructose ?, , of 1 in Water., D) 2-3% solution, 2013), (H.S.E.B. 2019, 2015,, , A), , Invertase, , (B) Zymase, , (C), , Diastase, , (D) Maltase., , (H.S.E.B.2013), , 4., , 5., , (B) Aspartame, , e) Saccharine, , (D), , Which of the, , Sucralose, , following, , (B) Antiseptic, , (C), , B, , Antibiotic, , 0.2% solution, Antibiotic, , (C), , Disinfectant, , Which is, , Antipyretic., , used as, , a, , Phenol, , Paracetamol, , (D) Antiseptic., , 2-3%, , ?, , an antacid, , A r Rantidine, , (B) Aspirus, , (C) Naproxen, , (D) Penicillin, (H.S.E.B. 2015), , 10., , Chloramphenicol is:, , (A) Antacids, B-Broad spectrum antibiotic, , an:, , (D) Analgesic., , (D) Artifical sweetening agent., (H.S.E.B. 2013), , Tranquilizer ?, , 11., , (D), , Which, , drug is, , used to reduce, , (C), , Tetracycline., , D, , Antibiotie, , (B), , is:, , Ranitidine, Chloramphenicol., , (H.S.E.B. 2011), , of, , :, , lh,, , in, , Alcohol, , ?, , Antacid, , (H.S.E.B. 2014), , (H.S.E.B. 2011), antibiotic, , acidity, , (B) Antiseptic, , (A) Analgesic, , (B) Naproxin, , of Iodine is, solution, , of the following is, , (C) Tranquillizer, , D), , Tincture, , Which, , (H.S.E.B.2011)|, , broad spectrum, , JA, , Analgesic, , B) Antiseptic, , (C) Aspirin, 7., , 9., , (H.S.E.B. 2011), , of Phenol is, , (A), , (A), , (B), , Antibiotic, , :, , (H.S.E.B. 2013), , reduces fever ?, , (A) Analgesic, , A, , used as, , Tranquillizer, , (H.S.E.B. 2013), , AT Equani, , 6., , (A), , are, , ?, has the lowest sweetnesS value, , (A) Alitame, , (C), , lodoform, , Barbiturates, , 8., , Among the following which artifficial sweetener, one, , 3., , CH(CH)1,COO(CH,CH,O),, , CH,CH,OH, , OTQ, , 2., , nc, , Anionic : CH,(CH2160SO, Na, , potassium, higher fatty acids, sodium, containing long chains of 16 or 18 carbon atoms., , 1., , depending upon, , classified, , nature of surface active group., , The detergents are substances which are used fo, , detergents which, cleaning.orSoaps are common, salts of, , suiphonte, , doleryl, , p, , I, , 12., , Which of the, , following, , is not, , an, , artifical, , sweetening agent ?, , AA) Aspartame, (C), , Sucrolose, , (B) Alitame, (D) Sodium benzoate., , (H.S.E.B. 2013)

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13., , Which is a preservative ?, (A), , (C), , Phenol, , (B), , Toluene, , 16., , NaI, , y, , (A, , y, , Aspin, , TB), , Disnlectant, , (.S.E.B. 2014), , .2% solulion ol, , 17., , A), , Chleowamplenico, , Antiseptic, , (D) Antiallergic, , (CAalgese, , Stndium benzate., (.S.E.. 20014), , 14. A broad spectrum antibiotie is:, (A) Paraetmol, (, Ranitinline, (C), , Dettol is used as, , Phenol is, , an, , ABT Antiseptic, , Anlsbeote, , (C)Disinlettant D, , Analgesic., , Whieh of the following, , is, , (H.S.E.B. 2014), , (.s.E.B. 2014)|, 15. Whiech of the following is naturl sweetner ?, (A), () Sertn, Ispirin, (C) Benzene, D r Sucrose., , I8., , A), (C), , Ranitidine, , ?, , Apirin, , ), , (D), , PenIcillm, , analgesic, , an, , Notic of the above., , (I.S.E.B. 2014), , (.S.E.B. 2014), , ANSWERS, . ( A ) 2 (C), , 3. (D) 4. (B). 5. (A) 6., , (D), , 7. (A), , 8. (C) 9. (A), , 10. (B), , 11. (D) 12. (A), , 13. (D) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (B) 17. (B) 18. (B), , VSATQ VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS, Name, , one broud spectrum antibioties., , Q., , The drugs used for allergic, , 11., , (H.S.E.B. 2012), , (H.S.E.B. 2012) called..., , Ans. Chloramphenicol., , Ans. Antihistamines., , Q:2. Why is biothional added to soap?, (H.S.E.B. 2012), , Q.12. Heroine is a, , Ans. It acts as a deoclorant., , Ans. Narcotic., , Q.3. Barbiturie acid is used as a, , *********, (H.S.E.B. 2012), , times as sweet as, , onn, , (H.S.E.B.2012), , cane sugar., , Ans. 100., Q.5. Name the medicine which reduces fever., , (H.S.E.B. 2012), Ans. Aspiin., Q.6. Tincture of iodine iS ..eaosoow, , (H.S.E.B. 2012), Ans. AntiSeptic., , 7 . Aspartame is'used as., Ans. An Artificial, , (H.S.E.B. 2012), , Q. 13. What are analgesics, Ans. These are the chemical substances used to, , relieve pain., , Ans. Tranquilizer., , QA. Aspartame is, , reactions are, , . (H.S.E.B. 2012), , sweetening agent, , Q.8. Name one Tranquillizer., , (H.S.E.B. 2012), , Q. 14. What are antimicrobials ?, are, chemical substances used to cure, Ans., These, the, infections due to micro-organisms., , Q. 15., , Cimetidine is, , used, , as, , m, , Ans. Antacid., , Qp6. Name a substance which can be used as an, antiseptic as well as disinfectant., Ans. Phenol, (a) 0.2% solution of phenol is used as an antiseptic., (b) 1% solution of phenol is used as a disinfectant., Q., , 17., , What, , do, , you, , mean, , chemotherapy?, , Q.10. What is use of Ranitidine ? (H.S.E.B. 2012), Ans. It is used as an antacid., , Q., , 18. Give the, , name of aspirin., Ans. Aspirin is, formula is, , the, , term, , (H.S.E.B. 2010), , Ans. Equanil., Ans. Chemotherapy is the treatment, 9 . Name one artificial sweetener. (H.S.EB.2012) the help of chemicals, Ans. Aspartame., , by, , of diseases with, , struetural formula and IUPAC, , acetyl salicylie acid., , Its, , structural

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CHEMISTRY, , 201, , LATQ LONG, Q.1. why, , do we necd, , ways, , ANSWER TYPE, , to classify drugs in different, , Ans. There are a large variety of, drugs, purposes or dlagnosis, prevention, reliel, , different diseuses. These have, various, , criteria, etfect, upon, to, , depending, , been, , for, , a purticular, , 1ype ol, alon, , ) Classl, biochemical prexess, , of, , cure, , classificd according, , upon their, , them the whule range, , Beol, ditlerent, , or, , QUESTIONS, , lead, , pharnacolkogical dr, , compound, , of ugs ava, diseane, the basis of, , desgnig, , for, , action, , on, , e, , turc, , helps to ckesign the drugs nai, , activity und then seleeung the drug, , o c least, cole, toxicity., , ii) Classilication om the baw, , of, , their, , own, , usefulness., , For, , desireu, , a, , y, , basis or nolecular largets, etc. These elussification have, , a, , particula, , a, , athesis of, , particular biochemical, their action, process. on the basis of their chemical structure, on the, on, , of, , molecular, , ety, , larget, , the basis, ( ) Classification on, thut they c a n design, chemists, useful for medicinal, acceptor, a particular, most effective for, drug which is, , example,, , so, , the basis of, () Classification, pharmacological, f, oe, effect of the drugs is useful to doctors because il provides, on, , site, site., , Q.2. List main differences between soap and detergents., Ans. Differences between soaps and detergents, The man points of dilferences between soaps and detergents are given below, , Synthetic Detergents, , Soaps, are, , Soaps, , (), , sodium salts of, , long, , chain, , fatty, , Synthetic detergents, , (0), , sulphonates., (ti) They, (iii) They, , be used in acidic solutions., , cannot, cannot, , used in, , hard, , Soaps, , They, , 3. Explain, , the, , following, , detergents, , (c) neutral detergents., Ans., cationic, , bromides, chlorides or, cetyltrimethyl, For example,, CH(CH)1sN(CH3)3/°C, , 6) Anionic, , detergents, , hydrophilic group., alcohols., , are, , are, hese are, These, , For, , Can, , mostly, , example,, , ammonium, , solutions., , do, , as, , synthetic, Therefore,, , dctergents, , they pollute, , are not, , nver, , and, , salts., , chloride, , are esters of, Neutral detergents, , Torm, , contain, acids. These, , fatty, , nydrogen, , high, , stearate, , :, , groups which, , polar, , bonds with water., , molecular, , For example., , CH3(CH2)16COO, , (CH2CH;O),CH;CH2OH., |, , Q., , 4. Discuss the, , cleansing, , action of soaps and, , detergents., , :, , Explain, , Or, the cleansing action of soaps., H.S.E.B. 2014), , cleansing action of soaps and detergents, principle. Soaps and detergents consists, , Ans. (a) The, have anionic, those which, o E | follows, follows the same, from, Irom l, long, manufactured, , manufactured, , sodium, , auryi, , suipite, , of two parts:, (i) A, , CuHCHOsO,Na, benzene, , the, , of, , polyethylene glycol, , acetates,, , ammonium, , of quarternary, , in acidic, , benzene, , alkyl, , they, in hard water, be used even, ions., with Cas* or Mg-", form any precipitates, , mass with, , which have, are those, , Cationic detergents, These are, hydrophilic group., , chain, , chain, , can, , Some, , (c), , (H.S.E.B.2019), , (a), , even, , salts of long, , lake water., , (TBO), 1O, (H.S.E.B. 2019), , and, , can be used, , biodegradable., , terms with suitable, , (a) cationic detergents, anionic, , not, , pollution problems., , examples, , chain, , (ii), , they do (iv), , not cause any, , (6), , as they, , water, , They, , ions., with Ca** and Mg*", produce precipitates, Theretfore,, are biodegradable., , (v), , Q., , be, , (ti), , sodium, , sulphates or long, , alkyl, , acids., , are, , sulphonate:, , p-dodecyl, , Sodium, , CpHsO), s o , Na", , non-polar part, , hydrocarbon, , which consists of, , part. It is called, , non-pular, , long, , chain, , tail. This part is, , insoluble in water but soluble in oil and grease. This is, also called water repelling or hydrophobie part.

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CHEMISTRY, , Ans. (i), allergy such, , 199, , Antihistamines are drugs used to treat, skin rashes,, e.g, diphenyl hydramine. conjunetivities, rhinitis, ele,, as, , (i) Antioxidants, , are tle, , the action of oxygen, , on, , preservation., , fowd additives wlich, therelby Iel, , hydroxyteoluene, , antiseptie, , dilfer from, , OJ, , retal, , the food and, , e.g.. butylated, How, Q.8., do, dilTer from, How does an antibiolic, , OCH5, , in, , t), , it, , NHCOCH;, , NICOT, , disinfeclants, , Phenacetin, , ?, , these two, , ), , Analgesies. Theve are, , meedicines used to relieve, , (f.S.E.B. 2017, 20I1,, , 2010)pains. Aspirin and some other antipyrene, disnlectants kill oran, analgesics. Certain narcetICs (whic", O micoorganisnns. Antiseptics are and unconsciousness) are also uea a* p, lissues (cuts, wounds). But disinfectantsexample, morphine, codeine, heToin., *, , n, , preve, , grwn, , applied to Iiving, are, , applied, , to, , maninate, substance, , The same, as a disinfectant by, , solution used., ", , For, , objects only, can act, , as, , (tlwr, instunents)., , antiseptic, , an, , are, , example., , 0.2%, , as, , be habt, , to, , hese, , ina., , forming., , cause, , of, , solution of, , phenol, , AliSepue And ius Tc solution is a disinfectant.this problem ? Name two druRS., Ans. Noradrenaline induces, , is a chemical substance, , which kills, These, prevents, nmicro-organisms., growth of, anu, substances are produced by micro-organisms., , to, , known, , well, , ., T, , of noradrenaline is the, leveltype, Q. 12. Tow, Varying the concentration of thedepression., What, of drugs are **, needed to cure, , An antibiotic, , (), , use, , nd, , inusepucs, , a, , of well, , feeling, , being, , the, in changing the mood. I, Ce, activity of, sending, then, the, signal, is, noradrenal1ne, low,, , and, , helps, , Q.9. Explain the following with suitable examples:, , the hormone becomes low and the person surters ro, , ) Tranquillizers (i) Anaesthetics., , depression. In such, , depressant drugs, , Ans. (7) Tranquillizers. These are substances used, relieve mental diseases. They reduce tension and, , They act o n higher centres of nervous system., These are the constituents of sleeping pils. The, , anxiety., , drugs, , barbituric acid, cquani. luminal,, , of, , Derivatives, , dizepam. methedrine. ete., , (), , These, , Anaesthetics., or, , produce general, sensations., , local, , Cocaine,, , diethyl, , Chlorofom., , are, , and other, , local anaesthetics., , ethers. ete. are general, , vinyl, , and, , pains, , to, , insensibility, , inovacaine, , which |, , substanees, , are, , the patient needs, , which inhibit, , the, , enzymes, , anti, wnicn, , catalyse the degradation of noradrenaline. The common, , used, , as, , commonphenelzine., , examples are, , cases,, , Q., , 13., , Why, , anti-depressant, do, , iproniazid, , are, , to, , drugs designed, , ailments in one organ in the body, a n example., parts ? Explain with, , not, , and, , cure some, , affect, , the other, , ailments, , in, , one, , Drugs designed to cure, because, do no affect the other parts, an n ne dOdy, secretion, On a i e r e n t receptors. For example., O, to, of histamine causes allergy. It also c a u s e s acidity due, in the stomach., excessive hydrochlornc acid, release, some, , Ans., , ol, , anaesthetics., , 0, What are antibioties ? Name any twoSince antiallergic and antacid drugs work on different, antibiotics which a r e, , for certain, , specilie, , (H.S.E.B. 2017), are, , These, Ans. Antibiotics., , the, , other, , inhibii the growth, , can, , micro-organisIns., , 11. Explain, , 1ower, Most, , are, , the, , the, , body, , temperalure, , antipyretics, , acid), (ii) paracetamol, Their, , destroy, , are, , (), , aspirn, , high, , n, , given, , Q. 14. What are biodegradable and non, example of each., biodegradable delergents ? Give, H.S.E.B. 2015, 2014), one, , used, , d, , ., , detergents. e.g., sodium, sulphate, KIHUn, sodium p-dodecyl|, p-dodecyl benzene sulphonate., The, , ever., , ad, , are, , while, , allergy, , called bio-degradable, , laceiyi salieylie, , (4-acetamidopheho), , structures, , cure, , are easily decomposed by miero-organisms and are, :, , substinces, , below, , receptors, therefore, antihistamines, antacids remove acidity., , Ans. Detergents having straight hydrocarbon chains, , with examples, , Analgesics, , These, ol, , common, , enacetin., , (b), , Antipyretics., , the, , even, , antibiotics are:, , the following, , Antipyreties, , Ans. (a), , or, , Tung a, , (ii) Streptomycin., , (i) Penicillin, , Q., (a), , Two, , substances, , chemical, , (Dacteri,, , micro-organisms, produced by, moulds) which, , diseases., , (i), , t), , Are, , nol, , called, , Caled, , lauryl, , detergents having branehed hydrocarbon chains, easily decompose!, , non-biodegradable ddetergents., , non-biodegradable, , e.g.., , sodium, , -(,3,5,7-letramethy loctyi) benzene sulphonate., , 4

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MBD, , 200, Q. 15., , Ir, , water, , contains, , dissolved, , one, , will you use for, , AIs. Calcum, , eleaning, , bieabate, , makes, , waler, , w, give precipitate, Cannot be Ised tor ceming, , in, , hard, , ches not gIVe preeipiliale, asynthetie delergent, water., salt is also solutble in, water because its caleium, can be used for cleanig, Therefore. sy nthetie detergent, clothes im hand water., , (H.S.EB.2014), , chemical, , The, , |, , metabisulphile, clc., , soapless soaps ?, , (TBQ), , detergents have, Ans. The synthetic, similar to soap but donot, all the, salls of latty acids., , structures, , properties, , contain, , be taken, Q.16. Why the, 14), ?, (H.S.E.B., 2010,, doctors, without consulting, usual soaps like sodium, Ans. The drugs or medicines have side effects also. | these are called soapless soaps., medicines should not, , molecules, , In addition to normal desired therapeutic elfect, drugs, , Q. 21. Explain target, , may also cause other effects which may be beneficial or, , used in medicinal chemistry., , hamful. These side effects arise because the drug may, bind, , to, , etOr, , must, , be, , has maximum, , one, , affinity, , Ans., , Target, , Therefore, the, , type of receptor., consulted to choose the right dnug, , more than, , for, , a, , particular, , receptor, , neract, , With, , which, sile, , to, to, , advise for, have the desired effect. The doctor will also, in higher, the comect doses because some drugs like opiates, , sodium, , benzoale,, , are called, , delergents, , Q. 20. Why, , xdium, , cxanple,, , to relain, , called food, perioxds are, , their, , preservatives. For, , and, , spoilage, , thcir, , added to, , are, , which, , substances, , to prevent, the oml naterals, or long, utritive value, , hurnl. Soap, , thercfor,, ith this hard water nud, otter a d ,, cothes, On tlhe, , will, , Ans, , elothes ?, , (XII HR), , ? Give one, food preservatives, , are, , example., , «delergents, bicarbonate, out of soaps and synthetic, which, , 19. What, , Q., , caleium, , MASTER, , EXAMINATION, , carbohydrates,, called, , molecules, , or, , drug targets., , Therelore,, , drug targets, , drug lurgets. Drugs, such, , as, , proteins,, , and nucleic acids and, These, , thee, , (H.S.E.B. 2011), , macromolecules, , lipids, , or, , and, , these are, , drug, body., , macromolecules, , or, , pertorm several roles in the, Q. 22. What are Antagonists and Agonists drugs?, , to, targets are known, , doses may act as poISons leading to serious problems, , (H.S.E.B. 2013), , and even may cause death., , Ans. Antagonists drugs. These are the drugs which, , Q. 17. Why do drugs designed to cure some, , ailments in one organ in the body not affect the other bind to the receptor and inhibit or retard their, parts ? Explain with an example., , (7BQ)functioning., , These, , are, , quite effective, , in, , blocking, , the, , Ans. Drugs designed to cure some ailments in one messages by the messengers., Agonists drugs. These are the drugs which in a way, organ in the body do not affect the other parts because, they work on different receptors. For exampe, secretion ury to befool the natural messenger by switching on the, , of histamine causes allerey. t also causes acidity due to reception and therefore playing their roll effectively., release of excessive hydrochloric acid in the stomach., Since antiallergic and antacid drugs work on, , Q. 23. Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic, , dierent parts in the following compounds:, , receptors. therefore, antihistamines cure allergy while, Q.18. Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better, antacids than sodium bicarbonate or, or, , magnesium, aluminium bydroxide ?, (7BQ), Ans. If excess of wdiun bicarbonate,, Mg(OH)> or, , AMOH), is used, il wil make the stomach alkaline and, trigger the productti even more HCl which may, causc ulcers in the stoacn., in contrast, cimetidine and, ranitidine prevent the interdction o, histamine with the, , receptor cells present in, it >er anlouni ol, HCT., , the stomach wall., , This releases, , (TBO, , () CH(CH)1oCH,OSONa*, (6) CH(CH2)hsN*(CH3),Br, c) CH(CH)i%COo(CH,CH,0),CH;CH,OH, , antacids remove acidity., , Ans.(a), , CH, CH)10 CH,-OsO,Na, Hydruphobic purt, , (b), , Hydrophilie part, , CH,(CH)s, , N (CH,), Br, , Hydrophobie purt, , Hydrophile part, , tc) CH,(CH,, , h6-COOCH,CH,O), CH,CH,OH ., , Hydruphobic part, , Hydrophilic part

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MBD, , Q., , 33. What is tincture of iodine ? What is its, , Ans. 2-3% iodine solution of, tincture of iodine. lt is a, , ?, , alcohol-water, , MASTER (XII HR.), , Q. 34. Why is use of aspartame limited to cold, foods and drinks?, , (TBQ), is called, , powerful antiseptic, , applied on wounds., , use, , EXAMINATION, , Ans., , and is, , and, , Asparlame, , (TBQ), is unstable at, , Therefore,, , decomposes., , cooking temperature, , it is used, , as, , sugar substitute, , in cold drinks and soft drinks., , IISATQ, , SHORT ANSWER TYPE, , Q., , QUESTIONS, , 1. What are, soaps ? What are hard and soft, Give, the, soaps, limitations of soaps. (H.S.E.B. 2008), Ans. Soaps. Soaps are sodium and, potassium salts, of higher fatty acids., , Q. 5. (a) What is meant by the term "broad, ? Explain. (H.S.E.B. 2018, 2011), spectrum, , Hard soap. These are sodium, acids., Soft soaps. These are, , (c) What problem arises in, artiicial sweetener ?, , acids., , Soaps, 2., , of, , higher fatty |, , potassium salts of higher fatty, as, cleansing agents in hard, , acidic medium., Why are Sucralose, , and, , L-Glucose used, , artificial sweeteners ?, Ans. Sucralose and L-Glucose, sweeteners because they, , energy. These are, Q. 3. What, , (H.5.E.B., are, , used, , as, , (H.S.E.B. 2015, 2014), using alitame as, , examples., , Ans. (a) These are the antibiotics which are, effective against several types of harmful, organisms. Therefore. these are used to cure a variety, of diseases. For, is, example., , can't be used, , water and in, , Q., , salts, , antibiotics, , (6) What are artificial sweetening agents ? Give two, , micro, , chloramphenicol effective, as, typhoid, acute, fever. dysentery, whooping, cough., eye, intections., certain urine infections, etc. Other, broad spectrum, are, , as, , against, , Z008), , artificial, , a, , variety, , of diseases such, , provide sweetness and not, antibiotics tetracycline. oflaxacin etc:, at, cooking temperature., (b) The chemical substances which, ? How, give, , also stable, is, act as, , preservative, , food but do not add any calorie tosweetening, our, body, are called artificial, sweetening agents. For example., saccharin, aspatame., () Alitame is a high, Chemical substances which are used to, potency artificial sweetening, food agent. Therefore, it, poses a problem to control the, against bacteria. yeasts and moulds protect, are called, Sweetness of the food., preservatives., Q. 6. Give one, The, important use of each of the, preservative action of sodium meta bisulphate folowingg:, is, to, (Na2S205) due SO; which dissolves in water to, ) Bithional, give sulphurous acid., ti) Chloramphenicol, , metabisulphite, , sodium, , effect, , preservative and in which food, articles it is used?, (H.S.E.B. 2008), Ans. Preservative, , (it), , NaS20,-* NaS03 SO2, 7, , SO+ H20, , HS0, , Sulphurous acid inhibits the growth of yeasts,, , metabisulphate, , is used, , as a, , than sugar, , sweet taste, , the food and, is an artific1al, , to, , provide colours., sweetner. It is used, , Saccharin, patients and by those peopie wnose Deed, , of colours. It is 550 times sweeter, than, , to, , by diabetic, , control intake, , sugar., , an, , antiseptic, , and is, , reduce the odour, , Chloramphenicol, , tor, , the substances, , to, , (iv) Paracetamol., , is, , added, , to, , by, decomposition of organic matter produced, the skin., , bacterial, (ii), can be used, for, , moulds, , (H.S.E.B. 2008), which provide, , ?, , Bithional, , medicated soaps, , food products such as, preservalive, jams, squashes, pickles etc., Q.4. What are artificial, sweetners ?, an artificial, sweetener is used by whom ? Saccharin,, How many, times it is more sweeter, Ans. The sweetners, are, , Streptomycin, , Ans. (i), , and bacteria., , Sodium, , to, , on, , is broad, , curing typhoid,, , spectrum antibiouc, , ana, , acute fever., dysentery, whooping cough, pneumonia, certain, urine, , (n), , |, , Streptomycin, treatment of, , is, , infections etc., , an, , antibiotic used, , for the, , tuberculosis, meningitis,, intection etc., pneumonia,, , local, , (iv), he, , Paracetamol is used to lower the, temperature, body in high fever and as, to, , Q.7. State, each of, :, , the, , analgesic, , function along with, , () Antihistamines, , of, , relieve pain., one, , example, , (i) Antioxidants., (H.S.E.R 2017