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y-biotechnology deals with the technique of using living organisms, produce products &processes usefultohumans, qT earners s, pean Federation of Biotechnology) defines biotechnology as “the integration of nate, and organisms or cells or parts or any molecular analogues for the product and servic, , , , , , , , , , , erage | yore, Old Biotechnology- use of natural strains of micro organisms for obtaining natural products. =, Eg. making of curd, bread or wine. | io avian, Modern Biotechnology - Use of genetically modified organisms. It is popularly known as recombinant, D NA technology. Modern biotechnology deals with the technique based on genetic engineering., , , , Genetic engineering Techniques/Recombinent DNA technology-This technology involves isolation of, one useful gene from an organism and insertion in to another organism to produce a new combination, , of D N A called recombinant D N A. This was invented by Stanley Cohen & Herbert Boyer ({972)jec%2 =, (They isolated kanamycin resistant gene from Salmonella typhimurium and introduced it in to a, , plasmid Pse-101 and then it was introduced in to E.coli in which the foreign gene was expressed.) A, , my ee, , e Paul Berg is called as the father of genetic engineering(biotechnology), e Term biotechnology is coined by Karl Ereky., , , , Modern biotechnology is based on two principles. :, a) Genetic engineering- it is the technique of developing genetically modified organism by either, , addition or deletion. it involves the technique, to alter the chemistry of genetic material, (RNA/DNA) to introduce this in to the host organism and change the phenotype of the host, organism., , b) Bioprocess engineering/Culturing sterile ambiance to derive the products on large, scale.(chemical engineering) It is the maintenance of sterile conditions in chemical engineering, process to enable the growth of only the desirable microbes in large quantities for the, manufacture of biotechnological products like ,antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes etc., , Genetic engineering technology-concepts /Advantages of G E over hybridization., *\/ariations can be created by hybridization procedure, but traditional hybridization techniques used wiz., , animal &plant breeding often lead to induction &multiplication of undesirable genes along with, , desirable genes. |, *The techniques of G E overcome this limitations and allow us to isolate and introduce only desirable, genes in to the target organism. Simply isolating a piece of DNA and transferring it in to a host cell will |, not bring the desirable result. It can multiply itself only when it gets integrated in to the genome ofthe |, , host cell. This multiplication of desired piece of DNA is called cloning., , , , Tools of Genetic Engineering-The major tools that are essential in recombinant technology areas, follows cana AMS, 1. Cell culture of organisms from which the foreign gene is to be isolated., , « iAP ee, | AAR, , ayy, :