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Class 12 Biology Chapter-7, , (Evolution), , 65 MCQs & Answers, , Q.1.Variations during mutations of meiotic recombinations are, (a) random and directionless, (b) random and directional, (c) random and small, (d) random small and directional, Answer:, (a) random and directionless, Q.2.One of the possible early sources of energy was/were, (a) CO2, (b) chlorophyll, (c) green plants, (d) UV rays and lightning., Answer:, (d) UV rays and lightning., Q.3.Abiogenesis theory of origin supports, (a) spontaneous generation, (b) origin of life from blue-green algae, (c) origin of life is due to pre-existing organisms, (d) organic evolution is due to chemical reactions., Answer:, (a) spontaneous generation, Q.4.Who proposed that the first form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic, molecules?, (a) S.L. Miller, (b) Oparin and Haldane, (c) Charles Darwin, (d) Alfred Wallace, Answer:, (b) Oparin and Haldane, Q.5. According to one of the most widely accepted theories, earth’s atmosphere before origin of life was, (a) oxidising, (b) oxidising along with H2, (c) reducing with free O2 in small amount, (d) reducing with oxygen absent in O2 form., Answer:, (b) oxidising along with H2, Q.6.According to Oparin, which one of the following was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the, earth ?, (a) Methane, (b) Oxygen, (c) Hydrogen, (d) Water vapour, Answer:, (b) Oxygen, Q.7.The correct sequence for the manufacture of the compounds on the primitive earth is, (a) NH3, CH4, protein and carbohydrate, (b) protein, carbohydrate, water and nucleic acid, (c) NH3, CH4, carbohydrate and nucleic acid, (d) NH3, carbohydrate, protien and nucleic acid., Answer:, (d) NH3, carbohydrate, protien and nucleic acid, Q.8.Early at mosphere contained methane and other hydrocarbons. They have been now replaced by

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(a) nitrogen, (b) oxygen, (c) carbon dioxide, (d) hydrogen., Answer:, (c) carbon dioxide, Q.9.The first life originated, (a) on land, (b) in air, (c) in water, (d) all of these., Answer:, (c) in water, Q.10.Coacervates are, (a) colloid droplets, (b) nucleoprotein containing entities, (c) microspheres, (d) both (a) and (b), Answer:, (d) both (a) and (b), Q.11.The theory of spontaneous generation stated that, (a) life arose from living forms only, (b) life can arise from both living and non-living, (c) life can arise from non-living things only, (d) life arises spontaneusly, neither from living nor from the non-living., Answer:, (c) life can arise from non-living things only, Q.12.Animal husbandry and plant breeding programmes are the examples of, (a) reverse evolution, (b) aritifical selection, (c) mutation, (d) natural selection., Answer:, (d) natural selection., Q13.Palaentological evidences for evolutaion refer to the, (a) development of embryo, (b) homologous organs, (c) fossils, (d) analogous organs., Answer:, (c) fossils, Q.14.The bones of forelimbs of whale, bat, cheeah and man are similar in structure, because, (a) one organism has given rise to another, (b) they share a common ancestor, (c) they perform the same function., (d) the have biochemical similarities., Answer:, (b) they share a common ancestor, Q.15.Analogous organs arise due to, (a) divergent evolution, (b) artificial selection, (c) genetic drift, (d) convergent evolution., Answer:, (d) convergent evolution.

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Q16.(p+q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 represents an equation used in, (a) population genetics, (b) Mendilian genetics, (c) biometircs, (d) molecular genetics., Answer:, (a) population genetics, Q.17.Appearnace of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of, (a) adaptive radiation, (b) transduction, (c) pre-existing variation in the population, (d) divergent evolution., Answer:, (c) pre-existing variation in the population, Q.18.Fossils are generally found in, (a) sedimentasry rocks, (b) igneous rocks, (c) metamorphic rocks, (d) any type of rock., Answer:, (a) sedimentasry rocks, Q.19.Which type of selection is industrial melanism observed in moth, Biston betularia?, (a) Stabilising, (b) Directional, (c) Disruptive, (d) Artificial, Answer:, (b) Directional, Q.20.Which of the following is an example for link species ?, (a) Lobe fish, (b) Dodo bird, (c) Seaweed, (d) Chimpanzee, Answer:, (a) Lobe fish, Q.21. First life from on earth was a, (a) cyanobacterium, (b) chemoheterotroph, (c) autotroph, (d) photoautotroph., Answer:, (b) chemoheterotroph, Q. 22.Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicated that, (a) fishes were amphibious in the past, (b) fishes evolved from frog-like ancestors, (c) frogs will have gills in future, (d) frogs evolved from gilled ancestors., Answer:, (d) frogs evolved from gilled ancestors., Q.23.The character that proves that frogs have evolved from fishes is, (a) their ability to swim in water, (b) tadpole larva in frogs, (c) similarity in the shape of the head, (d) their feeding on aquatic plants.

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Answer:, (b) tadpole larva in frogs, Q.24.Identify the correct arrangement of periods of Palaeozoic era in ascending order in geological time, scale., (a) Cambrian → Devonian → Ordovician → Silurian → Carboniferous → Permian, (b) Cambrian → Ordovician → Silurian → Devonian→Carboniferous → Permian, (c) Cambrian → Ordovician → Devonian → Silurian → Carboniferous → Permian, (d) Silurian → Devonian → Cambrian → Ordovician → Permian → Carboniferous, Answer:, (b) Cambrian → Ordovician → Silurian → Devonian → Carboniferous → Permian, Q.25. Which is the correct order of increasing geological time scale for a hypothetical vertebrate evolution ?, (a) Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Palaeozoic, Proterozoic, (b) Cenozoic, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Proterozoic, (c) Proterozoic, Cenozoic, Palaezoic, Mesozoic, (d) Proterozoic, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Answer:, (d) Proterozoic, Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic, Q.26.The ‘Devonian period’ is considered to be as, (a) age of fishes, (b) age of amphibians, (c) age of reptiles, (d) age of mammals., Answer:, (a) age of fishes, Q.27.Amphibians were dominant during _______ period., (a) Carboniferous, (b) Silurian, (c) Ordovician, (d) Cambrian, Answer:, (a) Carboniferous, Q. 28.The primate which existed 15 mya was, (a) Homo habilis, (b) Australopithecus, (c) Ramapithecus, (d) Homo erectus, Answer:, (c) Ramapithecus, Q.29. The extinct stone ancestor, who ate only fruits and hunted with stone weapons was, (a) Ramapithecus, (b) Australophecus, (c) Dryopithecus, (d) Homo erectus, Answer:, (b) Australophecus, Q.30. One of the oldest, best preserved and most complete hominid fossil commonly known as ‘Lucy’, belongs to the genus, (a) Austraolopithecus, (b) Oreopithecus, (c) Dryopithecus, (d) Pithecanthropus, Answer:, (a) Austraolopithecus, Q.31.The brain capacity of Homo eractus was about

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(a) 650 c.c., (b) 900 c.c., (c) 1500 c.c., (d) 1400 c.c., Answer:, (b) 900 c.c., Q.32.The ship used by Charles Darwin during the sea voyages was, (a) HMS Beagle, (b) HSM Beagle, (c) HMS Eagle, (d) HSM Eagle., Answer:, (a) HMS Beagle, Q. 33.Fitnes according to Darwin refers to, (a) number of species in a community, (b) useful variation in population, (c) strength of an individual, (d) reproductive fitness of an organism., Answer:, (d) reproductive fitness of an organism., Q.34.Alfred Wallace worked in, (a) Galapagos Island, (b) Australian Island Continent, (c) Ma lay Archipelago, (d) none of these., Answer:, (c) Ma lay Archipelago, Q. 35.The theory of natural selection was given by, (a) Lamarck, (b) Alfred Wallace, (c) Charles Darwin, (d) Oparin and Haldane., Answer:, (c) Charles Darwin, Q.36.The preserved fossil remains of Archaeopteryx show that, (a) it was a flying reptile from the Permian period, (b) reptiles gave rise to birds during Jurassic period, (c) it was a flying reptile in the Triassic period, (d) reptiles gave rise to birds during Permian period., Answer:, (b) reptiles gave rise to birds during Jurassic period, Q.37.Which of the following isotopes is used for Finding the fossil age maximum about 35,0000 years ?, (a) 238U, (b) 14C, (c) 3H, (d) 206Pb, Answer:, (b) 14C, Q.38. Which of the following statements is True ?, (a) Wings to birds and insects are homologous organs., (b) Human hands and bird’s wings are analogous organs., (c) Human hands and bat’s wings are analogous organs., (d) Flipper of penguin and dolphin are analogous organs., Answer:, (d) Flipper of penguin and dolphin are analogous organs.

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Q.39. Replacement of the lighter-coloured variety of peppered moth (Biston betularia) to its darker variety, (Biston carbonaria) in England is the example of, (a) natural selection, (b) regeneration, (c) genetic isolation, (d) temporal isolation., Answer:, (a) natural selection, Q.40.Phenomenon of ‘industrial melanism’ demonstrates, (a) geographical isolation, (b) reproductive isolation, (c) natural selection, (d) induced mutation., Answer:, (c) natural selection, Q. 41. Which one of the following scientist’s name is correctly matched with the theory put forth by him ?, (a) de Vries – Theory of natural selection, (b) Darwin – Theory of pangenesis, (c) Weismann – Theory of continuity of germplasm, (d) Pasteur – Theory of inheritance of acquired charcters, Answer:, (c) Weismann-Theory of continuity of germplasm, Q. 42. Single step large mutation leading to speciation is also called, (a) founder effect, (b) saltation, (c) branching descent, (d) natural selection, Answer:, (b) saltation, Q.43. At a particular locus, frequency of allele A is 0.6 and that of allele a is 0.4. What would be the, frequency of heterozygotes in a random mating population at equilibrium ?, (a) 0.36, (b) 0.16, (c) 0.24, (d) 0.48, Answer:, (d) 0.48, Q.44.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is known to be affected by gene flow, genetic drift mutation, genetic, recombination and, (a) evolution, (b) limiting facrtors, (c) saltation, (d) natural selection., Answer:, (d) natural selection., Q. 45.The Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if, (a) a population does not migrate for a longtime to a new habitat., (b) frequent mutations occur in the population, (c) the population has no chance of interaction with other populations, (d) free interbreeding occurs among all members of the population., Answer:, (b) frequent mutations occur in the population, Q. 46. Genetic drift operates only in

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(a) larger populations, (b) Mendelian populations, (c) island populations, (d) smaller populations., Answer:, (d) smaller populations., Q.47. Which of the following is most important for speciation ?, (a) Seasonal isolation, (b) Reproductive isolation, (c) Behavioural isolation, (d) Tropical isolation, Answer:, (b) Reproductive isolation, Q. 48. The factors involved in the formation of new species are, (a) Isolation and competition, (b) gene flow and competition, (c) competition and mutation, (d) isolation and variation., Answer:, (d) isolation and variation., Q. 49.Stabilising selection favours, (a) both extreme forms of a trait, (b) intermediate forms of a trait, (c) environmental differences, (d) one extreme form over the other extreme form and over intermediate forms of a trait., Answer:, (b) intermediate forms of a trait, Q.50. The different forms of interbreeding species that live in different geographical regions are called, (a) sibling species, (b) sympatric species, (c) allopatric species, (d) polytypic species., Answer:, (c) allopatric species, Q.51.Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin’s concept of natural selection in organic, evolution ?, (a) Development of transgenic animals, (b) Production of “Dolly’, the sheep by cloning, (c) Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects, (d) Development of organs from ‘stem cells’ for organ transplantation., Answer:, (c) Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects, Q.52. The phenomenon ‘ontogeny repeats phylogeny’ is explained by, (a) recapitualtion theory, (b) Inheritcance theory, (c) mutation theory, (d) natural selection theory., Answer:, (a) recapitualtion theory, Q.53. The presence of gill slits, in the embryos of vertebrates, supports the theory of, (a) metamorphosis, (b) biogenesis, (c) organic evolution, (d) recapitulation

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Answer:, (d) recapitulation, Q.54. Which is not a vestigial organ in man ?, (a) Nictitating membrane, (b) Tail vertebrae, (c) Vermiform appendix, (d) Nails, Answer:, (d) Nails, Q.55.Which one is not a vestigial organ ?, (a) Wings of kiwi, (b) Coccyx in man, (c) Pelvic girdle of python, (d) Flipper of seal, Answer:, (d) Flipper of seal, Q.56. By the statement ‘survival of the fittest’, Darwin meant that, (a) the strongest of all species survives, (b) the most intelligent of the species survives, (c) the cleverest of the species survives, (d) the species most adaptable to changes survives., Answer:, (d) the species most adaptable to changes survives., Q.57. Which of the following are the two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution ?, (a) Genetic drift and mutation, (b) Adaptive radiation and homology, (c) Mutation and natural selection, (d) Branching descent and natural selection, Answer:, (d) Branching descent and natural selection, Q.58. According to Lamarckism, long necked giraffes evolved because, (a) nature selected only long necked ones, (b) humans preferred only long necked ones, (c) short necks suddenly changed into long necks, (d) of stretching of necks over many generations by short necked ones., Answer:, (d) of stretching of necks over many generations by short necked ones., Q.59. Which of the following evidences does not favour the Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired, characters ?, (a) Lack of pigment in cave-dwelling animlas, (b) Melanisation in peppered moth, (c) Absence of limbs in snakes, (d) Presence of webbed toes in aquatic birds, Answer:, (b) Melanisation in peppered moth, Q. 60.“Human population grows in geometric ratio while food materials increase in arithmetic proportion”. It, is a statement from, (a) Darwin, (b) Bateson, (c) AmartyaSen, (d) Malthus., Answer:, (d) Malthus., Q.61.Which of the following statements js correct regarding evolution of mankind ?

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(a) Homo erectus is preceded by Homo habilis., (b) Neanderthal man and Cro-Magnon man were living at the same time., (c) Australopithecus was living in Australia., (d) None of these, Answer:, (a) Homo erectus is preceded by Homo habilis., Q.62.The cranial capacity was largest among the, (a) Peking man, (b) Java ape man, (c) African man, (d) Neanderthal man., Answer:, (d) Neanderthal man., Q.63. Which of following represents correct order of evolutiton ?, (a) Amoeba → Leucosolenia → Hydra → Ascaris, (b) Leucosolenia → Hydra → Amoeba → Ascaris, (c) Ascaris → Amoeba → Leucosolenia → Hydra, (d) None of these, Answer:, (a) Amoeba → Leucosolenia → Hydra → Ascaris, Q. 64. The extinct human who lived 1,00,000 to 40,000 years ago, in East and Central Asia, used hides to, protect their bodies and had brain capacity of 1400 c.c. were, (a) Homo habilis, (b) Neanderthal man, (c) Cro-Magnon man, (d) Ramapithecus., Answer:, (b) Neanderthal man, Q.65. Which of the following statements is correct ?, (a) Australopithecus has large brain around 900 c.c., (b) Neanderthal man lived in East Africa and the fruits., (c) Homo erectus had brain capacity 900 c.c., (d) Homo sapiens arose in Central Asia and moved to other continuents and developed into distinct, races., Answer:, (c) Homo erectus had brain capacity 900 c.c.