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Q4. In the First Past the Post System, that c:, (a) Secures the largest number of postal ballots., , (b) Belongs to the party tt i, y that has highest numbe vote: ‘oe, (c) Has more votes than any other . aio, , (d) Attains first position by se, , andidate is declared winner who, , , , andidate in the constituency., Ke ; curing more than 50% votes, , . (c) Has more votes the i i, Ans. es than any other candidate in the constituency, , Q5. Me ie coe eee the system of reservation of constituencies and the systern, of separate electorate? Why did the Constitution makers reject the latter?, , Ans. There is much difference between the system of reservation of constituencies and system, of separate electorate:, , (a) Separate electorate system:, (i) It has been a curse to India., (ii) The British started this system to divide votes between the Sikhs, the Muslims,, and some other minorities., (iii) These groups elected their own representatives by separate vote., (iv) In separate electorate system, the candidates are elected by those voters, who, belong to that particular community., (b) System of reservation of constituencies:, (i) All voters are eligible to vote., (i) Candidate must belong to a particular community for which seat is reserved., (iii) The constitution provides the reservation of seats in the Lok Sabha and the, State Legislative Assemblies., The constitution-makers rejected the latter because they were aware that the system of, separate electorate destroyed the spirit of national integration., Which of the following statements are incorrect? Identify and correct them by substituting,, adding or rearranging only one word or phrase., (a) FPTP system is followed for all the elections in India., (b) Election Commission does not supervise Panchayat and Municipal elections., (c) President of India cannot remove an Election Commissioner., (d) Appointment of more than one Election Commissioner in the Election Commission, is mandatory., _ Ans. (a) This is incorrect, the correct statement is FPTP system is followed for all elections, , in India except election of the President, the Vice President and for the elections to, the Rajya Sabha and the Vidhan Parishad., , (b) This is correct statement, , (c) This is incorrect because the President can remove an Election Commissioner., , (d) This is also incorrect. The correct statement is the appointment of more than one, Election Commissioner is not mandatory., , g, , _- -However, we are yet to have even 10 per cent women members in our legislatures. What, measures would you suggest to improve the situation?, , Ans. The Indian Constitution provides the reservation for SCs and STs in our legislatives, , But it lacks the similar reservation for disadvantaged groups. As there should be Some, , more reservation for women through the constitutional amendment, whi, only be a proposal, but also be passed. » Which should not, , Q7. Indian eléctoral system aims at ensuring representation of socially disadvantaged sections., o

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., , , , Q8. Here are some wishes expressed in a conference to discuss A constitution for a new country,, Write againat each of these whether FPTP or Proportional Representation system is more, suited to meet each of these wishes,, (a) People should clearly know who is their re, or her personally accountable, spread all oy, , (b) We have small linguistic minorities who are, r representation to them., , presentative ao that they can bold him, , er the country; we should, , , , ensure, (c) There should be no diserepaney botw, (d) People should be able to elect a good candidate, , cen votes and seats for different parties., even if they do not like his or her, , polities! party, Ans. (a) FPTP (b) Proportional Representation, (c) Proportional Representation (d) FPTP, ection Commissioner ig, , Jomminsioner joined a polit), One view is that a former 10), ical party and to contest election,, oan affect the impartiality of, rs must not be allowed to, , , , val party and contested elections,, , Q9. A former Chief Election C, There are various views on this issue,, an independent citizen and has a right lo join any polit, , other view, leaving this possibility open ¢, , former Hlection Commissione, , According to the, with and why?, , the Election Commission, So,, contest any elections, Which position do you agree, , Ans. Election Commission of India is a constitutional independent body set for conducting, elections of the Union Parliament, the state Legislative Assembly, President and Vice, President under the Article 824(i) of India Constitution, The Election Commission, ions in country, Hence, Election, , is an impartial agency to conduct free and fair electi, ~ Commissioner must not be allowed to contest, any election because it can affect the, , impartiality of the Commission,, , , , , , , , , i, , , , from a crude First Past the Post system to a, , Q10. “Indian democracy is now ready to shift, system of Proportional Representation”, Do you agree with this statement? Give your, , reasons for or against this statement., Ans. Yes, | agree with the statement alongwith the following reasons:, 1, India enjoys a multi-party system including regional parties, hence to provide the, shape to all the political parties, the proportional system is far better., 2, Decentralization of power strengthens the sense of responsibility alongwith national, , , , unity and integrity,, 3. Representation democracy makes the democracy more effective and trustworthy., , 4, It ensures the political parties 4o get seats alongwith proportionate votes., 6, The election system has allowed the voters to change governments peacefully both, , at the state and the national level,, 6. Voters have consistently keen interest to the election process. Hence, the number, oss. Hence,, , of candidates and parties are continuously on rise., , , , , , , , MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED, STIONS [1 Mark], , , , I, VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QU, , Qv. What is Democracy?, Anis, Democracy is a type of government of the people, for the people and by the people., , ae oh. emer. xX!

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2. What is meant by a direct democracy?, oe In direct democracy, the citizens directly parte ipate in day-to-day decision making and, E brect GeMmoe c , ?, , ie Cireece, in the running of the government. Exe, , %, SPR It Franchise, Q8. What do you mean by Universal Adu, Son All adult citizens of a country above maturity age Are entitled to enjoy the right to vote, & au c me wy y ', , f y shise, Without any discrimination, known a8 Universal Adult FPranchis, , Q4. What does FPTP and PR stand for?, Ans. FPTP: First Past the Post System, , PR: Proportional Representation, Q5. Mention the amendment made in constitution of India in 1989, , ample, , Ans. It reduced the eligibility age of Universal Adult Franchise from 21 to 18., , li. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [2 Marks}, , Ql. What do you mean by Election System? f }, , Ans. Election system is a medium to elect the representatives especially in indirect democracy, to form the government. The representatives are elected by the people to act in accordance, with the wishes of the people., , Q2. What is electoral behaviour? () | ), Ans. Through elections people participate in election process to determine who will hold, ower. Hence, elections are visible expression of public interest which is determined by, ridual’s own reasons and perceptions as well as his being a part of a group. Electoral, behaviour depends on both short term and long term influences., What is Direct Method of Election?, Ans. In Direct Method of Election:, 1. A voter participates in election directly., 2. A voter casts his vote to a candidate of one’s own choice., , 3. Secret method of ballot is used., , 4. Elected representatives hold the rein of government of the country., Q4. What is an Indirect Method of Election?, Ans. In Indirect Method of Election:, , 1, Voters do not elect the representatives directly., , 2. Woters elect intermediary electors who are collectively known as Electoral College., 3. Electoral college elects the representatives to the legislative assemblies., , What do you understand by Simple Majority Representation System?, , The Simple Majority Re i, y Kepresentation System declare: i, votes more than others I s the candidate elected who secures, , : n this system to secure absol jority i, this eos ! ‘olute majority is not necessary. In, cplephio | hit case of multi-cornered contests, candidate even with less than 50%, °8 is elected, c, , Q6. a is Political Minority? goles, , » Political Minority ref ‘ ed, > forms th ae a to the opposition party. After elections, the party who, and known ag ool nt and other parties who do not get majority becom, , oer litical minorit ‘ : :, Majority demoer aie ae who enjoys the right to con, , , , , , 8

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Mention the shortcomings of the Simple Majority System of Hlectione, , » Simple Majority System of Blections declares the candidate to be winné? even in the, case of not getting an absolute majority or if even more than 50% voters do not like the, , candidate., , Q8. Define Secret Ballot system., “oy Secret Ballot system refers to the secret ballot-when everyone chooses on Jd not pi, in secret as well as does not disclose one’s choice also, s° that others could not F, the one., What are Mid-term Elections? he term of Lok Sabha, Mid-Term Elections refer to elections held before the expiry oT if Lok Sabha or state, or State Legislative Assembly due to some reasons or the cawernor before expiry of the, Legislative Assemblies are dissolved by the President or, terms of Lok Sabha or Legislative Assemblies., , . WwW 7 » Bye-election? 2, , ge Oe Secs held on creating some sudden reasons which make, , Bye-election refers to the elections me, the seat vacant, i.e. resignation or the sudden death of the member, ©, [4 Marks}, , R TYPE QUESTIONS, , a democracy”. J ustify the statement., democracy for the following reasons:, any discrimination on any ground., deprived of right to vote., ie. 18 years in India, 21 years, , , , , , ea own candidate, ressurise, , , , Il. SHORT ANSWE, “Universal Adult Franchise is important in, is important in a, , 1., “a Universal Adult Franchise, 1. Right to vote is enjoyed by every adult without, 2. Only lunatics, bankrupts, minors or criminals are, 3. The age of adulthood differs from country to country,, in the USA and 23 years in Norway and so on., 4. Everyone is treated equally., 5. This provides political education to the citizens and develop self-respect., Q2. What is political participation?, Ans. 1. To elect the representatives or to be elected as a representative., 2. To be 2 member of executive., 3. To be selected for government post., 4 A steady increase in percentage of voters turnout despite some functions., Q3. What is Election Manifesto? Explain., Ans. Election Manifesto is a document to let the voters know about programmes, policies and, aims of political party to be declared on the eve of elections: i, : ere internal and external policies of the government., em ie ayare of pertormance of the political party on winning., an pressurise even the winning party or the government to work on behalf, , ms of manifesto., , Oo do you mean by the list system?, - we He a constituencies are formed, 5 em) i :, ersirepresentatives are elected from each constituency., , 8. Each political, ra party submi 5, Li : mits a list :, Political constituency. of as many candidates as are to be elected f

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Fee eS hate ee, , , , , , Dina Ne party by the quota., , é number of candidates « i :, Successful, co, ao Q5. Aow does India ensure the, - Secret ballot is ensured jn I, 1. The voter is giv, 2., , Secret ballot?, ndia:, , 4. The voter presses the button against the candidate of his/her choice with tt y, , 5. This maintains the com, the voter has voted., , 6. Even the candidate does not come to know who has voted him or not., a, , Mow does the Election Commission recognise the regional party? i :, , The Election Commission lays down the following criterion to recognise the regional, parties:, , 1. The Election Commission declares and decides that which political party stands at, national level or which should stand at regional level., , 2. The Election Commission has been empowered to see the popularity of the regional, party in a particular region., , 3. The Election Commission checks the organization and membership of the party., , 4. The Election Commission looks after either the regional party works under the code, of conduct or not as assigned by the Election Commission., , plete secrecy because no one else comes to know to whom, , x