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Notes- Physical world, , Batch - SAHAS, , Physical World, It is referred to as the analysis of nature conducted in order to, understand how the world around us performs. The physical, world is referred to as the complexity in nature and solving its, own complexities.., , Science:, Science is study to acquire knowledge about surrounding., Science is a systematic and organized attempt to acquire, knowledge about the surroundings through observations,, experiments and verifications., , Scientific Method:, Several inter-related steps are involved in scientific method., Some of the most significant steps are as follows:, 1. Systematic observations, 2. Controlled experiments, 3. Qualitative and quantitative, reasoning, 4. Mathematical modelling, 5. Prediction, 6. Verification or falsification, , Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
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Notes- Physical world, , Batch - SAHAS, , Physics:, Physics is the branch of science which deals with study, of surrounding, nature and natural phenomena., A precise definition of this discipline is neither possible, nor necessary. We can broadly describe physics as a study, of the basic laws of nature., , Physics, Modern Physics, , Classical Physics, ➢, ➢, ➢, , Mechanics, Electromagnetics, Thermodynamics, , ➢, ➢, , Quantum Mechanics, Special relativity, , It has many branches such as Mechanics,, Electromagnetism, Thermodynamics, etc. Between 1600 and, 1900, three broad areas were developed, which is together, called Classical Physics. These three areas of study are, classical mechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism., But by 1905 it became apparent that classical ideas failed to, explain several phenomena. Then some new theories were, developed in what is called Modern Physics such as Special, Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, etc., , Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
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Batch - SAHAS, , Notes- Physical world, , Unification and Reduction, Unification:, , Falling of apple, Motion of planet, around the sun, Motion of moon, around earth, , Four equations of, Maxwell, , Universal law of, Gravitation, , We attempt to explain diverse physical phenomena in, terms of a few concepts and laws. The effort is to see the, physical world as manifestation of some universal laws in, different domains and conditions., Electrostatics, Electrodynamics, Magnetism, Electromagnetic, Force, , Reduction:, A related effort is to derive the properties of a bigger, more, complex, system from the properties and interactions of its, constituent simpler parts. This approach is called reductionism, and is at the heart of physics., , Kinetic energy of, particle, , Thermodynamics, , Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
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Notes- Physical world, , Batch - SAHAS, , Scope and excitement of Physics, Scope:, Physics is a vast concept with a broad scope., Atomic, , Microscopic, , Molecular, , Nuclear Physics, , Scope of, Physics, , Atomic structure, Orbital motion, of electron.., , Mechanics, , Thermodynamics, , Protons, Neutrons.., Motion of particle, Propulsion of rocket,, Wave, Deformation of bodies,, Floatation of ship.., , Temperature, Heat, Heat Engine,, Heat Transfer.., , Macroscopic, Electrodynamics, , Optics, , Electric charge, Electric current,, Magnetism, AC, Electromagnetic induction.., , Reflection, Refraction,, Interference, Diffraction….., , Excitement:, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , Few basic concepts and laws can explain large range of quantities., Imaginative new experiments to unlock new secret of nature., Application and exploitation of physical laws to make new devices., Application of basic laws in daily life., Prediction of natural activities in future, , Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
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Notes- Physical world, , Batch - SAHAS, , Physics, Technology and society, ➢, ➢, , Technology uses the basic, laws of Physics and make our, life easy in society., Technology helps to discover, new Physics also., , Physics, , Technology, , New Physics, , Examples:, Thermodynamics, , Nuclear Energy, , Semiconductor, , Heat Engine, , Nuclear Reactor, , Silicon chip, , Alternative energy resources, , Electromagnetic waves, , Computer Revolution, , Solar energy, , Wireless communication, , Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
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Notes- Physical world, , Batch - SAHAS, , Fundamental forces in nature, There are four fundamental forces in nature1., 2., 3., 4., , Gravitational Force, Electromagnetic Force, Strong Nuclear Force, Weak Nuclear Force, , 1. Gravitational Force:, According to Newton’s law of gravity, it states that the, gravitational force between two bodies is proportional to the, product of their masses and inversely proportional to the, square of the distance between them, Gravitational force is one of the four fundamental forces, of nature. It is the weakest of the four. It is also the attractive, force which arises from the gravitational interaction., , 𝒎𝟏, , 𝒎𝟐, , r, 𝑭𝒈 =, , 𝑮𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐, 𝒓𝟐, , Where, G is universal gravitational constant, , G=6.674×10−11 m3⋅kg−1, Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
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Notes- Physical world, , Batch - SAHAS, , 3. Strong Nuclear force:, This is the most dominant force in reactions and is so strong, that it binds protons with similar charges with the nucleus. It is, mostly attractive in nature but can be repulsive sometimes. It has a, very short range of just 1 fm., , p, , p, n, , n, n, , ➢, ➢, , p, , It works equally between p-p, p-n and n-n., It is strange in nature., , 4. Weak Nuclear force:, Weak nuclear forces are responsible for the radioactive, decay, specifically the beta decay neutrino interactions. It has, a very short range (less than 1 fm ) and this force is, as the, name suggests, weak in nature., It causes phenomena such as beta decay, , Relative strength of fundamental forces, Strong Nuclear force > Electromagnetic Force > Weak Nuclear force > Gravitational Force, , Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
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Notes- Physical world, , Batch - SAHAS, , Relative strength of fundamental forces, Strong Nuclear force > Electromagnetic Force > Weak Nuclear force > Gravitational Force, , Strength, , Range, , Strong nuclear force, , 1, , Short range, (𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟓 m), , Electromagnetic force, , 𝟏𝟎−𝟐, , Infinite, , Weak Nuclear force, , 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟑, , Short range, (𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟔 m), , Gravitation force, , 𝟏𝟎−𝟑𝟗, , Infinite, , Nature of physical laws, Physicists explore the universe. Their investigations,, based on scientific processes, range from particles that are, smaller than atoms in size to stars that are very far away, , Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
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Notes- Physical world, , Batch - SAHAS, , Nature of physical laws, Physicists explore the universe. Their investigations,, based on scientific processes, range from particles that are, smaller than atoms in size to stars that are very far away., Apart from being simple and general,, conservation laws are very useful in real life application of, physics. Some applications of conservation laws are as, follows:, •When we solve a complex dynamics problem involving lot, of particles and forces, we use conservation laws to get, desired results, •Analyzing velocity in a collision between two automobiles, can be complicated when we consider internal contact, forces during a collision. But with the help of law of, momentum we can obtain the velocities of the automobiles, easily, •Neutrino was discovered in 1931 by Wolfgang Pauli with, the help of conservation laws and momentum principle, , 1. Mass-Energy conservation, (Mass and energy of universe is conserve ), 2. Charge conservation, (Charge can not be produced or destroyed , it, transferred from one body to other body), , only can be, , 3. Momentum conservation, (Momentum of body can not be changed without external force), , Method Guru - Shashtrinagar, Sultanpur (UP) Mob. 7014344748
