Page 1 :
ABHILASHA PURN CLASSES POINT, , 1, , POLLUTION: There is a certain proportion of different gases, soil and animals in the environment., ❖, ❖, , Pollution of the loss coming in this ratio., Pollution refers to small areas that contain only human activity., , ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION:, , When there is deterioration in the quality of, , environment due to both human and nature, is called environmental degradation. Eg;- VOLCANO,, EARTHQUAKE., , BIODERADABLE:, , Such pollution which can be eliminated by eating micro-organisms is called, , biodegradable. It is less harmful. Eg:- leaf,dead body, plant., , DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLLUTION, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., ⚫, , WATER POLLUTION, SOILPOLLUTION, AIR POLLUTION, SOUND POLLUTION, ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION, NUCLEAR MAGNETIC POLLUTION, ORGANIC MAGNETIC POLLUTION, , WATER POLLUTION: Water pollution is caused by unnecessary substances dissolved in water., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , Arsenic ----- white foot, Cadmium ---- itai – datai ( kidney ), Iron ---- liver cirrohosis(liver), Copper ---- bilson, Nitrate ---- blue baby syndrome, Hg ------ minimata(japan), , BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND [BOD], ✓, , ✓, , BOD × dust pollution, BOD means 5 days oxygen demand., , NUTRITION: Due to the excess of phosphorus and nitrogen in the reservoir, unnecessary, ➢, ➢, , plants and hyacinths grow in it., Due to which oxygen does not reach inside the reservoir and aquatic organisms die., Hyderabad’s Hussain sagar lake is infested with hyacinth., , ⚫, , SOIL POLLUTION: Decreasing the fertility of the soil is called soil pollution., , ❖, , Soil pollution occurs due to two reasons., , 1) USE OF PESTICIDES, A) LD - 50, B) BHC - benzene HEXA chloride, C) DDT - Di – CHLORO di phenol tri – CHLORO, With the use of excessive manure, the soil takes the farm of sand., , 1

Page 2 :
ABHILASHA PURN CLASSES POINT, , 2, , ⚫, ✓, ✓, ✓, ✓, , 2. EROSION: Due to erosion, the top fertile layer of the soil gets cut., Excessive soil erosion is called tubule., If the tubercle becomes too much, then it takes the form of Behar., Behar is completely barren., Chambal River produces most of the Behar., , ⚫, , AIR POLLUTION: Deterioration or decreases in the quality of air is called air pollution., , ➢, ➢, , AEROSOL WASHING: The dust particles present in the atmosphere are called aerosols., They play a major role in air pollution. Their size is 10 microns., , ➢, , NOTES: Asbestos in the cement industry falls in the form of aerosols., , ➢, ➢, , Due to which lung diseases occurs, which is called white cancer., Air pollution is caused by industrial wastes, smokes, fire, and vehicles., , ⚫, , CARBON MONO-OXIDE (CO): It is colorless, tasteless and gasless gas., , ❖, ❖, , It alone makes up to 50% of the total air pollution., It reacts most rapidily with haemoglobin and destroys its ability to carry oxygen, due to which, the person dies due to suffocation., Hence, it is called suffocating gas., On burning fuel, coal, fossil, chicken, man, CO gas is released from its combustion., It is soluble in water., REMARKS: To reduce the pollution caused by fuel (CNG and LPG) is promoted., Such fuel, which does not harm the environme4nt and which is obtained from the palm, is, called BIOFUEL., Eg: jatroph, patanjot ropeseed ( sugarcane juice + alcohol)., ( SO2) sulphur dioxide , it is an acidic gas that makes up 20% of the total pollution., It causes maximum damage to the lungs., Combustion of petroleum produces SO2 ., It is responsible for acid rain. Due to the SO2 obtained from this acid rain, rotting of (stone, teprosy) stone occurs., , ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ⚫, , LEAD POLLUTION:, , ❖, , compound of lead., This lead enters the atmosphere through smokes and pollution is spread. The nervous system is, affected by lead pollution, , ⚫, , CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons):, , ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, , Ozone is derived from chlorides and chlorines which are available in CFCs., One atom of chlorine can break down 1000 atoms of ozone., But they rquire very low temperature which is easily available in Antarctica., The thinning of the ozone layer is called the ozone hole., The thickness of ozone is measured in DAPSONS., , Tetra ethil lead is used as an anti-detonation in petrol. Which is a, , ❖, ❖, ❖, , they are damage ozone layer., , 100 DAPSONS = 1mm, , Ozone is found in the stratosphere at an altitude of 30-40 km., It shields us from ultraviolets rays., , 2

Page 3 :
ABHILASHA PURN CLASSES POINT, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ⚫, , 3, , ➢, , It can cause skin cancer., On 16 september 1987, the mantrial protocol tok place in Canada to prevent ozone depletion., That is why we celebrate ozone conservation day on 16 september., Ozone is formed from 3 atoms of oxygen., The first and second ozone holes have been observed in Antarctica., The flosin gas released from CFLs, AC, the gas released from thinners damages ozone., NITROGEN DIOXIDE: Nitrogen is not harmful, it is necessary for plants, but oxides of nitrogen, are harmful., NO2 causes the greenhouse effect., Oxide of nitrogen are released from the smoke of the rising atmosphere of the stratosphere., These oxides react with ozone to form PRAXY OXYTYL NIYTRATE (PAN)., PHOTOCHEMICAL FUMES (DUST): Its formation is nitrogen oxide ozone or PAN., CARBON DIOXIDE: It is an acidic gas., It is both beneficial and harmful., CO2 is essential for photosynthesis., It prevents the earth from getting too hot during the day and from getting too cold at night., But if it becomes too high, the temperature of the earth will increase, the glaciers will melt and, the sea level will rise., Every releasing CO2 gas does not pollute, but it produces heat., GREENHOUSE: When the humidity increases in a small area, it is called greenhouse., The word greenhouse is given by arhenic., GLOBAL WARMING: When a greenhouse spreads over the whole world, it is called global, warming., This term was given by wally bekele., CARBON FOOTPRINT: The group of gases that a greenhouse produces is called a carbon, footprint., CN – Cyanite, NC – Isocyanite, Water vapour>CO2>CH4>CFC>NO2, PROTOCALL (1997): This agreement was made in japan, in which a quota was fixed for the, emission of CO2 for all the countries, they can emit CO2 in this quota., This agreement is called carbon credit., , ⚫, , Cha: It also generates green house effect., , ➢, ➢, , It is found in the marshyland (marslona)., Dung, dung gas, paddy fields, gutters, rotten matter and animals ruminants, coal mines, natural, gas are good sources of natural gas methen., NOTE: When natural gas is kept under high pressure, it is called compressed natural gas., It pollute very little., BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY: On December 3, 1984, a company named union carbide in Bhopal, exploded after reacting with Mithail isosyniate (CH3NCO) gas ., Due to which thousands of people died., This company belonged to a man named Anderson who has died in 2014., But the case is still going on., Pesticides were made in this company., , ❖, ❖, ❖, ⚫, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, ⚫, ❖, ⚫, ❖, ⚫, , ⚫, , ⚫, ⚫, , , , , , , 3

Page 4 :
ABHILASHA PURN CLASSES POINT, , , , , , 4, , Pollution – CO, SO2, Green house – CO2, CH4, CFC, NO2, Acid rain – HNO3, SO2, NO2, Ozone – CFC, NO2, , CATALITIC CONVERTOR, ❖, ❖, ❖, ⚫, ⚫, ➢, ➢, ➢, , ✓, , It is made of transition metal., It converts the carbon monoxide present in the engine exhaust into carbon dioxide, which, reduces pollution but increases the humidity., When glass is mixed with water, petrol, the catalytic convertor stops working, that is why, mixing glass with petrol is banned., THERMAL ISLAND: In cities, dust partiles and smoke get deposited in the sky and take the, form of a cloud, due to which the temperature of the cities increases, it is called thermal island., EURO NOMS: European countries set a standard to prevent pollution from motor vehicle, smoke., In which the amount of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile particles and hydrocarbons, released from the smoke was determined., For this till now Euro 6 standard has been made., Euro – 1 standard engine emits 2075 grams per kilometre., Euro – 1 – 2.75 g, Euro – 2 – 1.00 g, Euro – 3 – 0.64 g, Euro – 4 – 0.50 g, Euro – 5 – 0.30 g, Euro – 6 – 0.20 g, NOTE: Euro standard is called bharat stage in india. Currently, BS – 4 VEHICLE run in india., , SOUND POLLUTION, ◆, ◆, ◆, ◆, ◆, , Noise above 9 decibels is counted as pollution., The effect of noise pollution is only immediate, it does not affect the next generations., Humans become irritable due to noise pollution., To reduce pollution, a mufler is installed in the silencer of the vehicles., To prevent noise pollution on the roads, trees are planted on both sides, which is, called green mufler, , ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION, ⚫, ⚫, ⚫, ⚫, ⚫, , It spreads through electromagnetic waves emanating from mobile towers, tv towers and, satellites., Due to this pollution, the nervous system and memory becomes weak and cancer diseases, arises., Due to this pollution, a large number of butterflies are dying and bees are losing their way., Because bees, scorpions see the waves and they lose their way and go to the tower., Presently the whole earth is in in the grip of electromagnetic waves., , ORGANIC MAGNETIC POLLUTION, ❖, ❖, , It is spread by harmful bacteria and viruses., Due to genetic heterogeneity, plants of the same species are affected by diseases, due to which, they have to be cut., , 4

Page 5 :
ABHILASHA PURN CLASSES POINT, ❖, ❖, ❖, ❖, , 5, , A bacterium called anthrox can kill a person., Terrorists fill it in the letter and send it to another person., Serine gas is called the atomic bomb of the poor., It is being used in syria., , NUCLEAR MAGNETIC POLLUTION, ◼, ◼, ◼, ◼, ◼, ◼, ◼, ◼, ◼, , It is the most dangerous of all pollution., Its effect can be seen in water, land and air., It can live up to 30000 years., Nuclear pollution is caused by radioactive substance, hence it is called radioactive pollution., This is due to uranium, thorium, plutonium and cobalt-60., The atomic bombs that fell on hiroshima and nagasaki in japan on 9 august and 6 august 1945, and the 2011 fukurasama nuclear plant accident in japan are examples of nuclear pollution., Ukraine was affected by the 1986 explosion at the chernobyl nuclear plant in ukraine., The smoke that comes out after a nuclear explosion is called fall out., To stop this smoke, borik acid is sprayed and one should take potassium iodide tablet to protect, himself., , 5