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CLASS-XI HOME SCIENCE, UNIT- 3: Understanding family, community and society, CONCERNS AND NEEDS IN DIVERSE CONTEXTS: FAMILY, SCHOOL, COMMUNITY AND SOCIETY., A. HEALTH, NUTRITION AND HYGIENE:, Health is a fundamental human right. All persons, irrespective of age, gender, caste, religion, place of stay and nationality, throughout their lives should have the opportunity to achieve and maintain the highest attainable state of health., HEALTH AND ITS DIMENSIONS:, Social health: Social health can be defined as our ability to interact and form meaningful relationships with others. It also relates to how comfortably we can adapt in social situations. Social relationships have an impact on our mental health, physical health and mortality risk., Mental health: Mental health is the level of psychological well-being or an absence of mental illness. It includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices., Physical health: The ability to perform daily tasks and live comfortably in one’s body’. Physical Health is correlated with Mental Health because good physical health leaves a better personal feeling in the long term., Health care: Health care, health-care, or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health through the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, recovery, or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people. Health care are delivered at three levels:, Primary health care: the first level of contact between individuals with the health care system., Secondary health care: when patients from primary health care are referred to specialise hospital also like district hospitals, it is called secondary health., Tertiary health care: when patients are referred from primary and secondary health system for specialise intensive care, advanced diagnostic support serious and medical care, then it is called tertiary health care., Optimum nutritional status is important because it-, Maintains body weight, Maintain muscle mass, Provide resistance to infection, Decrease risk of disability, Improves productivity, Helps to cope with physical and mental stress, When one is healthy, one is more constructive for oneself and can take active part in activities at the community level., Food, Optimum nutrition, Positive health, Sanitation and health, Access to services/ facilities, Education and skills, Good environment, All these inputs are required for PRODUCTIVITY., The benefits of good nutritional status for children’s education:, What is Malnutrition?, Malnutrition is a deviation from the normal state of nutrition. When intake is less than the amount that is required by the body, or in excess of the requirements, malnutrition results., Factors affecting nutritional well-being:, The World Health Organisation has listed four main factors-, Food and nutrient security, Care for those who are vulnerable, Health for all, Safe environment., HYGIENE AND SANITATION:, Prevention and control of disease has to address both intrinsic and extrinsic factors which are linked with various diseases. Here are the lists of factors-, Among these factors sanitation and hygiene, nutrition and immunisation are key inputs., Environmental hygiene:, It comprises external matter, both organic and inorganic, at the domestic hygiene and community levels. This includes physical factors such as housing, radiation, etc. as well as biological factors such as plants, bacteria, insects, rodents and animals., Aspect of environmental hygiene:, Food sanitation, Water supply, Disposal of human excreta, Disposal of liquid wastes and sewage, Garbage disposal, Housing, Sanitary practices, Vector control, Food hygiene: Food-borne illnesses occur when we consume food that contains disease-causing micro-organisms. Several factors are needed for a food-borne illness to occur-, Either the organism or the toxin must be present in the food eaten., The number of micro organisms must be in sufficient numbers., The contaminated food must have been consumed in sufficient quantity., Effective practices related to nutrition, health and hygiene are essential to be productive in the work that one’s does, within home or outside the home.