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SECTION A, , conenenussescnrsvesinnsntstaiaisabatet, itt oe TE, , READING, , Comprehension of, Unseen Passages, , , , , , , , , , © WH-Y Reading Gs % arria UH Fel aafSa Tae (Long Unseen Passage) feat Sa zl Fa wert a a, 384 (Short Answer Type Questions) U4 <I wearacit K AMA (Vocabulary based) 321 fa Ha ZI amet a ., aBret FSF Se Ci ga we} fee He 4x3=12 (TMI FA) Ta 3x1=3 (weelaet WH) = 15 sie fratita, , , , , , , , Introduction ;, , Reading section comprises of the unseen passages to be comprehended by the students. it arte, implies a thorough understanding of a given passage consisting of one or more paragraphs. It is meant to est, the intelligence of the students and their way of expressing their thoughts independently about the passage in, , a short, simple and precise manner., , How to Solve Comprehension Passages, 1. Read the passage thoroughly but quickly., 2. The relevant details should be focussed on., , 3. Read the questions carefully so as to provide an appropriate answer., @ Passage Based SA Type & Vocabulary Based VSA Type Questions, DIRECTION Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions that follow :, , SOLVED PASSAGE 1, , 1.Had Dr. Johnson written his own life, in, conformity with the opinion which he has given,, that every man's life may be best written by, himself; had he employed in the preservation of, his own history, that clearness of narration and, elegance of language in which he has embalmed, so many eminent persons, the world would, Probably have had the most perfect example of, biography that was ever exhibited., Wherever narrative is necessary to explain,, connect, and supply, I furnish it to the best of my, abilities; but in the chronological series. of, Johnson's life, which I trace as distinctly as I can,, year by year, I produce, wherever it is in my, Power, his own minutes, letters, or conversation,, being convinced that this mode is more lively, and, will make my readers better acquainted with him,, than even most of those were who actually knew, him, but could know him only partially; whereas, there is here an accumulation of intelligence from, , v, , - "If the, , various points, by which his character is more, fully understood and illustrated., , . Indeed, I cannot conceive a more perfect mode of, , writing any man's life, than not only relating all, the most important events of it in their order, but, interweaving what he Privately wrote, and said,, and thought. Had his other friends been as, diligent and ardent as I was, he might have been, almost entirely preserved. As it is, I will venture to, say that he will be seen in this work more, completely than any man who has ever yet lived., , - And he will be seen as he really was, for I profess, , to write, not his Panegyric, which must be all, Praise, but his life; which, great and good as he, was, must not be supposed to be entirely perfect., To be as he was, is indeed subject of panegyric, enough to any man in this state of being; but in, every picture there should be shade as well as, light, and when I delineate him without reserve, I, do what he himself recommended, both by his, precept and his example, as quoted below., , biographer writes from personal, knowledge, and makes haste to gratify the public

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iosi i is interest, his fear,, curiosity, there is danger lest his in 1, his gratitude, or his tenderness, overpower iis, fidelity, and tempt him to conceal, if not to, invent.", , Questions, , 1, What was Dr., autobiographies? 1, , 2. According to the author, what would have, happened if Dr. Johnson had written his, autobiography?, , 3. How does the author intend to acquaint his, readers completely with Dr. Johnson's life?, , 4, In the quotation given in the last paragraph of, the passage, what is Dr. Johnson concerned, about?, , 5. In paragraph 1, the word means, ‘preserved someone or something in an,, unalteratele state.’, , 6. In paragraph 4, the word ......... means ‘describe, or portray precisely’., , 7. In paragraph 5, the word ..., of ‘dissatisfy'., , Answers, , 1. Dr. Johnson opined that anyone's life can be best, written by the person himself/herself. For him, an, autobiography was the best and most, comprehensive form of biography., , 2. According to the author, if Dr. Johnson had, written his autobiography, the world would have, seen the best example of how a, biography/autobiography should be written., , 3. The author intends to acquaint his readers, completely with Johnson's life by following a, chronological order, giving an account of his, personal thoughts and feelings via his letters and, conversation and also converging knowledge, about his life from different points., , 4. In the quotation given in the last paragraph of, the passage, Dr. Johnson is concerned that if a, biographer only wants to satisfy the public, he, will write by concealing some facts and, inventing others and thus not honestly., , 5. embalmed, , ‘delineate’, , 7. ‘gratify’, , Johnson's opinion on, , , , . is the antonym, , , , >, , SOLVED PASSAGE 2, , 1. There's no concept of good or bad food in, nutrition science. What matters is the amount of, food you consume, something that can be, measured in terms of portion or size of serving., Portions and sizes vary from country to country, and community to community. Large portions are, , “Incidentally, portion sizes, , > questi" BANK, , in the advanced economies, rtions are found mostly in, Africa and Asia., , have undergone a, , considerable change over the years and —, to do so even today. The trend, in genera ‘ ., been towards consuming larger and larger =, , portions (expanding waistlines are proof of this :, The human mind seems to count the number oO, , portions rather than the portion size. For, example, when people say they have only one, chapati for lunch or dinner, they rarely discuss its, size., , commonly consumed, while smaller size po, developing economies of, , . Short-term studies have also shown that people, , eat more when confronted with larger portion, sizes. A study at a restaurant setting showed that, when pasta was served in different portion sizes, on different days, people ate larger amounts on, being served larger portions, regardless of the, taste. Also, studies show that people do not adjust, or eat less in subsequent meals if they have, already had larger portions., , . Technically a portion means the amount of food, , you choose to eat at one time—at a restaurant,, from a package, or at home. A ‘serving’ size, indicates the calories and nutrients in a certain, serving listed under a product's ‘nutrition facts’ or, a single unit or commonly regarded unit of food., , The serving size is not the recommended amount, to be eaten., , . Sometimes, the portion size and serving size, , match; sometimes they don't. For example, one, slice of bread equals one serving of bread. But the, number of slices you eat would be the number of, portions you have eaten, so if you have eaten two, slices, you have consumed two portions., , - So how do we recognise what's the right amount, , of food to eat on a regular basis? Learn to, recognise standard serving sizes as they help you, judge how much you are eating. It may also help, to compare serving sizes to common objects., , Questions, , 1. What does nutrition science believe in?, , 2. What do expanding waistlines prove?, , 3. What is the difference between a ‘portion’ and a, ‘serving’?, , 4. What two facts about people's eating habits have, studies shown? , 5. Which word in paragraph 3 is the antonyr, avoided’?, , 6, , Which word in Paragraph 1 is the synonym of, ‘eaten’?, Which word in pare 5, , agraph € Pans 5 s, theca k graph 6 means the same as

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English-12 Comprehension of Unseen Passages, , Answers :, 1. Nutrition science believes in the amount of food, , you consume, not in ‘good’ or ‘bad’ food. The, amount can be measured in terms of portion or, size of serving., , 2. Expanding waistlines proves that there is a trend, over the years towards consuming larger and, larger food portions., , 3. A portion means the amount of food you choose, to eat at one time. However, a serving is a, commonly regard unit of food for giving, information on the quantity of calories and, nutrients in it., , 4, Studies have shown that people eat more when, given larger portions, and secondly, even after, eating larger portions in one meal, people do not, adjust or eat less in subsequent meals., , 5. The word is ‘confronted’., , . The word is consumed., , 7. standard, , o, , SOLVED PASSAGE 3, , . The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally,, atleast, most of us could compile formidable lists, of ‘do's, and dont's. The same old favourites recur, year in year out with monotonous regularity. We, _Tesolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less,, find more time to play with the children, do a, thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to, people we don't like, drive carefully and take the, dog for a walk everyday. Past experience has, taught us that certain accomplishments are, beyond attainment. If we remain deep-rooted, liars, it is only because we have so often, experienced the frustration that results from, failure, Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement, because our schemes are too ambitious and we, never have time to carry them out. We also make, the fundamental error of announcing our, resolution to everybody so that we look even more, foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways, , Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to, keep my resolutions to myself. I limited myself to, two modest ambitions: to do physical exercise, every morning and to read more every evening, An gll-night party on New Year's Eve provided, me with a good excuse for not carrying out either, of these new resolution on the first day of the year,, but on the second, | applied myself assiduously to, the task, , The daily exercise lasted only eleven minutes and, | proposed to do them early in the morning before, , le, , anyone had got up. The self-discipline required to, drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than, usual was considerable. Nevertheless, | managed, to creep down into the living-room for two days, before anyone found me out. After jumping about, on the carpet and twisting the human frame into, uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the, breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was, this that betrayed me. The next morning the, whole family trooped in to watch the, performance. That was really upsetting but I, fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good, humouredly and soon everybody got used to the, idea. However, my enthusiasm waned, the time |, spent at exercises graudally diminished Little by, little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January, 10th I was back to where I had started from. |, argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself, at exercises in the morning I would keep my mind, fresh for reading when got home from work, Resisting the hypnotizing effect to television, I sat, in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued, to a book. One night, however, feeling cold and, lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the, television pretending to read. That proved to be, my undoing, for I soon got back to the old bad, habit of dozing off in front of the screen. I still, haven't given up my resolution to do more, reading. In fact, | have just bought a book entitled, ‘How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute’, Perhaps it will solve my problem, but | just, haven't had time to read it, , , , , Questions, 1. What do people normally resolve to do eve, “year?, 2. Why do most of us fail in our efforts a, improvement? 3. ‘The next morning the whole fa, watch the performance.’ What f, , the wnter talking about?, 4. Which book did the, 5. The word similar in meaning to achievements, , wTiter buy 4, , 6. The word similar meaninc Tease, , 7. Which, Answers, , 1. Every new year the people normally resolve to do, , their same old favourite activities like trying to, , eat less, get up early each moming. do, thousands and a one jobs about the house etc, , 2. Most of us fail in our efforts of self improvement, , because schemes are too ambitous, we, , , , our

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never have time to carry them out and we, announce our resolution to everybody., , 3. The writer's jumping about on the carpet and, twisting his human frame into uncomfortable, Positions was the performance which the writer, is talking about., , 4. The writer bought “How to Read a Thousand, Words a Minute". His purpose was to keep his, mind fresh by reading., , 5. accomplishments, , diminished, , 7. The word is ‘ambitious’, , SOLVED PASSAGE 4, , 1. All of us do some kind of work to ward off, starvation or to gain sufficient material wealth, with a view to maintain that standard of living, which our physical and intellectual powers have, helped us to reach. But there is another kind of, work which is completely divorced from the, burdensome process of our livelihood and which, , a, , is undertaken for the sake of amusement of , interest or the direction of our surplus stores of, energy in some new and useful channels of, refined tastes. This delightful occupation of, combining work with pleasure or hobby, as is, properly termed, calls for the application of our, highest faculties and gives proper form to our, healthy instincts, purposeful habits and, disciplined behaviour. In our carefree and vacant, hours it allows these faculties to perform their, natural functions and to display their instinctive, greatness. We devote our leisure time to the, pursuit of this pleasant task and derive, advantages which compare favourably with those, we obtain from the bread-earning routine of our, daily life. Hobbies widen the sphere of our, cultural activities, give refinement to our tastes, and show us the path that leads to our systematic, mental and moral development. Our tendencies, and inclinations also find in them an outlet for a, healthy and progressive expression., , 2. "A hobby is a favourite subject or occupation that, is not one's main business.” In this age of, machinery which has taken upon itself most of the, laborious duties of physical exertion formally, performed by man, then creating for him pleasant, intervals of rest and leisure, it should not be, difficult for him to devote some time to the pursuit, of a new interest that can add some charm, colour, or zest to his life. The spare time must not be, frittered away in idleness or spent on such work, that over taxes his mind and body after they have, , Questions, , Answers, , quesni Ph BANK, , i i for the day. The, formed their normal functions the :, re interest will be worthwhile only if it provides, relaxation and change from routine work ane, produces a feeling that life is both charming an, meaningful., , , , 3. The choice of hobbies, like the choice of books,, , purposes of reading, is not an easy task. Some, hobbies demand a little guidance from, experienced persons. Our sudden attachment to, them without the backing of this preliminary, knowledge may result in wasting of our resources, of time and money and in the end compel us to, ‘abandon them. Some hobbies are rather, expensive and therefore beyond the means of, ordinary people who can ill- afford to spend large, sums of money on them. Not a few are, incompatible with our temperament and tastes., We must not, therefore, allow the glamour of, certain hobbies to blind us to their reality, how so, ever tempting they may appear to us, nor should, we begin to cherish them thoughtlessly because, we find other people so devotedly attached to, them. In the first flush of enthusiasm many have, rushed into unsuitable hobbies only to find, , themselves turning away from them in a state of, great disillusionment., , - Ina few rare and exceptional cases a sudden and, , instinctive choice of some hobby sometimes, proves to be the right one. We must not, however,, forget that tinkering with a hobby is joyless and, , wasteful Process, unattended by any appreciable, gains. Scattered interests in half a dozen or more, odd hobbies is also n:, , ot a desirable end., , 1. How do hobbies help us?, , When do hobbies become a wastge of time?, Why do some hobbies disillusion man?, How can hobbies mak, Which word in, ‘costly'?, 6. The word which has the, able to adjust' is, 7. Which wor, , aor, , © one's life meaningful?, Paragraph 3 means the same as, , Same meaning as ‘not, , dis the °Pposite of ‘sensible’?, , * sen a the sphere of our cultural, in the’ srt to our tastes and help, development. mental and moral, , meee ee wastage of time when they, giving him some Pleaswe, 4 body instead of

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English-12 Comprehension of Unseen Passages P, , e, , NS), , w, , 3. Some:-hobbies disillusion man because every, hobby is not suitable for everyone. Sometimes, man selects a hobby thoughtlessly. He realises, later that it is unsuitable for him and thus he gets, disillusioned., , 4. Hobbies can make one's life meaningful when, they provide relaxation and change from routine, work. They produce a feeling that life is, charming thus making it meaningful., , 5. expensive, , 6. incompatible, 7. ‘instinctive’., SOLVED PASSAGE 5, , . Avast blanket of pollution stretching across South, , Asia is cutting down sunlight by 10 per cent over, India, damaging agriculture, modifying rainfall, patterns and putting hundreds of thousands of, people at risk, according to a new study. The, startling findings also indicate that the, spectacular economic growth seen here earlier, may soon falter as a result of this pollution. The, report also says that the haze caused by pollution, might be reducing winter rice harvests by as, much as 10 per cent., , . "Acids in the haze may, by falling as acid rain,, , have the potential to damage crops and trees. Ash, falling on leaves can aggravate the impacts of, reduced sunlight on Earth's surface. The, pollution that is forming the haze could be, leading to several hundreds of thousands of, premature deaths as a result of higher levels of, Tespiratory diseases", it said. Results from seven, cities in India alone, including Delhi, Mumbai,, Ahmedabad and Kolkata, estimate that air, pollution was annually responsible for 24000, premature deaths in the early 1990s. By the mid, 1990s they resulted in an estimated 37000, premature fatalities. "The haze has cut down, sunlight over India by 10 per cent (so far) — a, huge amount! As a repercussion, the North West, of India is drying up”, Professor V Ramanathan, said when asked specifically about the impact of, the haze over India. Stating that sunlight was, going down every year, he said, “We are still in an, early stage of understanding the impact of the, haze.", , Asked whether the current drought in most parts, of India after over a decade of good monsoons was, owing to the haze, he said, “It was too early to, reach a conclusion. If the drought persists for, , 9, , about four to five years, then we should start, suspecting that it may be because of the haze.", 4, India, China and Indonesia are the worst affected, owing to their population density, economic, growth and depleting forest cover. The, preliminary results indicate that the build up of, haze, ‘a mass of ash, acids, aerosols and other, particles, is disrupting weather systems,, including rainfall and wind patterns and, triggering droughts in western parts of the Asian, Continent. The concern is that the regional and, global impacts of the haze are set to intensify over, the next 30 years as the population of the Asian, region rises to an estimated five billion people., , Questions, 1. How has the haze over South Asia impacted, agriculture?., , 2. What were the levels of premature deaths, estimated in seven major cities during the 1990s, due to respiratory diseases caused by the haze?, , 3. What did he say about the effect of the haze on, the current drought in most parts of India?, , 4. Why. is there overall concern for Asia over the, next 30 years?, , 5. An antonym of ‘predictable’ in paragraph 1, , 6. Asynonym of ‘particularly’ in paragraph 2 is., 7. Asynonym of ‘disturbing’ in paragraph 4 is., , Answers, , 1. The haze over South Asia has impacted, agriculture by modifying rainfall patterns,, reducing winter rice harvests by as much as 10, per cent, and causing acid rain which may, damage crops and trees, , 2. The number of premature deaths estimated in, seven major cities was annually 24000 in the, early 1990s and 37000 by the mid 1990s due to, respiratory diseases caused by the haze., , 3. He said that it is too early to blame the haze for, the current drought. However, if the drought, continues for four to five years, then they would, start suspecting that it may be because of the, haze., , 4. There is overall concem for Asia because, when, the population of the Asian region rises to an, estimated five billion people, the regional and, global impacts of the haze are set to intensify, , 5. startling, , 6. specifically, , 7. disrupting