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Unit-1: Meaning of Education, 1.What is education?, Ans: Education is a continuous integrating process which enables the, intelligent persons to solve individual and collective problems. It can, discover lasting values to break down the national and social barriers.It is, also a lifelong process of modifying the behaviour, thinking, feeling and, action of individuals by enlarging human experiences., 2.What is the difference between education and instruction?, Ans: Instruction refers to imparting knowledge of a particular subject to the, students in a systematic and planned Education is more than instruction and, is a broader concept than instruction.Education implies acquisition of, knowledge, development of skills, habits and attitudes., 3.Give an account of education as a bi-polar and tri-polar process., Ans:John Adams has described education as a bi-polar process in which the, teacher and the students are the two poles involved in the teaching-learning, activity.Here the personality of one acts upon the personality of the other to, modify and develop.In this bi-polar relation the teacher's personality should, dominate the pupil's personality., John Dewey held the view that along with the teacher and the students, there is society or the community as the third pole to act upon education of, the child.The child is to live and develop in the community to which he, belongs.The teacher is to shape and mould the child's development in, accordance with the demands of the society., 4.Examine education as the modification of human behaviour., Ans: Education may be regarded as the modification of human, behaviour.Man after birth acts and behaves out of his native biological and, instinctive tendencies.These natural behaviours remain crude and unrefined
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and they cannot overcome the difficult and complicated problems of life.But, in the course of psycho-physical growth these crude behaviours modifies, and improves through education.The old behaviours are eliminated and new, behaviours are acquired in order to adjust ourselves effectively with the, new situation., 5.Examine education as an instrument of social change., Ans: Education is never static but dynamic towards more and more, progressive changes.School education basically trains boys and girls to know, what is right and wrong, desirable and undesirable.They derive new, knowledge and experience and in the light of them change their old way of, life, it’s thought and action. Old customs,belief,faith,rules and laws are, thereby modified and brought changes in the society.It is thus justified to, say that education acts as an instrument of social change., 6.What does the scope of education constitute from the realistic point of, view?, Ans:From the more practical and realistic points of view the scope and, function of education is to cover various areas and mechanism.They, constitute the teacher, the students,the curricular and co-curricular, programs,the method of teaching, the teaching aids and apparatus, the, standard of discipline and evaluation.All these areas of education are being, analysed and examined carefully in the light of modern educational, principles and practices., 7.What is meant by formal education?, Ans:Formal education means the system of education that the students use, to receive in the formal educational institutions in an organised and, systematic way.Every aspect of education is fixed, pre-planned,predetermined and it is guided by formal rules, methods and, discipline.Education in the formal schools are based on fixed, curriculum,time table and specific aims.Towards the end of the course,, students' achievement are evaluated through a test or examination to see if, , 2
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they can score the minimum qualifying marks.A degree or certificate or a, diploma is awarded to those who get through the examination., 8.What is meant by non formal education?, Ans: Knowledge explosion and the changing needs of the society have urged, the people to get useful education.In order to meet the demands of such, knowledge explosion several agencies have come out to impart education, apart from formal education in a non-formal way.Non-formal education may, be defined as an organised and planned system of education outside school, given on certain specific subjects with flexibility, freedom and economy.The, system is open for all people., 9.What is meant by informal education?, Ans: Informal education is not pre-planned or pre-determined to give a, definite body of knowledge and it does not follow the formal rules, methods, and discipline.Such education can be had freely and spontaneously from the, wider environment.The individual need not have to undergo certain binding, rules and regulations while receiving education.No admission process,no, time table,no examination,no evaluation etc. can be conducted at any point, of time.The wider social environment provides an unlimited scope and, prospect of this kind of education., 10.What is meant by values in education?, Ans: Values are the norms of behaviour which have been involved during, the course of time in the social,moral and spiritual fields.They are the, desirable concepts for promotion of the interest and social well being of the, individual and the society., Value education is the one which aims at the good life for self, determination,self-realisation and self integration with the best chances of, realising the maximum values., 11.What is environmental education?, Ans: Environmental education may be defined as the study on the, environmental problems and probable solutions.It is a continuous process of, , 3
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creating a sense of awareness among the people about environmental, degradation causing harmful effects on human life itself., 12.What are the different types of values?, Ans:Values may be divided into the following types:, i. Social values., ii. Moral values., iii. Religious values., iv. Intellectual values., v. Aesthetic values., vi. Health and physical values., vii. Economic values., 13.What are the different aims of education?, Ans:The different aims of education are:, i., ii., iii., iv., v., vi., vii., viii., ix., , Vocational aim., Liberal or cultural aim., Citizenship aim., Knowledge aim., Harmonious development aim., Education for leisure aim., Self-expression as aim., Moral aim., Complete living aim., , 14.Differentiate between Liberal and Vocational aim of education., Ans:The differences between Liberal and Vocational aim of education, are:, i., ii., iii., , 4, , Liberal aim gives priority to thought and culture whereas, Vocational aim gives priority to activity and productivity., Liberal aim highlights the need of leisure whereas Vocational aim, highlights the need of labour., Liberal aim is conservative of culture and civilization while, Vocational aim is progressive through science and technology.
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iv., , Liberal aim makes man's outlook conservative while Vocational aim, makes man's outlook dynamic., , 15.Write four points of difference between Individual and Social aims of, education., Ans:The difference between Individual and Social aims of education are:, i., ii., iii., iv., , Individual aim is based on the philosophy of Naturalism while, Social aim is based on the philosophy of Pragmatism., Individual aim gives importance to biological heredity of man, whereas Social aim gives importance on social heredity of man., Individual aim gives full freedom to individual for development, whereas Social aim gives full authority and power to the state., Individual aim is backed by the British philosopher Percy Nunn, while Social aim is backed by the American philosopher John, Dewey., , 16.Give an account about the scope of education., Ans:The scope of education comprises the thoughts, activities and programs, which make a fuller and better living of mankind.The physical,mental and, spiritual aspects of human development are under the purview of the scope, of education., Regarding the scope of education,sir John Adams says that education, is a bi-polar process in which the teachers and the students are the active, agents.The interaction of these two agents is said to be education.John, Dewey has added one more agent by saying that education is a tri-polar, process involving teachers, students and the environment., From the practical and realistic point of view the scope of education, includes the teachers,the students,the curricular activities, co-curricular, programs, methods of teaching,the teaching aids, the standard of discipline,, evaluation works, social, moral and spiritual values.Specialised subjects like, educational psychology, educational philosophy and educational sociology, are also under the purview of the scope of education., , 5
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With the emergence of modern technologies in the 20th century, the, scope of education has widened further by including formal, non-formal and, informal education, education for all,total education, globalisation, education in the scope of education.Education has become life itself but not, for preparation of life., 17.Describe the functions of education., Ans:The functions of education towards the individuals and the society may, be enumerated in the following ways:, i., ii., iii., iv., v., vi., vii., viii., , To provide growth and development of the individual., The innate capacities of the child should be directed,guided and, controlled into the channels approved by the society., The individuals should be prepared for the responsibilities and, privilege of adult life., Education should maintain the continuity of the physical and social, life., It should conserve the social culture and heritage of the society., It is also the scope of education to reorganise, reconstruct and to, improve human experience for the development of the society., Education develops the mind in such a manner that it puts the, coherent pieces of knowledge and raise the complete edifice., Education reconstructs and reorganises the experiences of the child, already in him and refines them in a meaningful manner., , 18.Highlight the need and importance of value education in the present, society. (COHSEM-2014), Ans:The need, utility and expectations of value education in the context of, the present day may be highlighted below:, i., ii., iii., , 6, , Youths may be imparted the sense of freedom, equality,fraternity and, social justice through value education., Education can create good citizens in the society., Well-adjusted personality in the students can be developed through, value education.
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iv., v., vi., vii., viii., , Good trials and qualities of character may be created in the individuals, through education., Value education can make man's behaviour and outlook cultureoriented., Development of sense of truth,justice and tolerance are the outcome, of value-based education., Value education can remove the negative attitude,outlook, malicious, behaviour, destructive and unsocial tendencies., It can also develop good taste,arouse humanitarian and spiritual, senses in man's mind., , 19.How can environmental education be given to the school children., Ans: Environmental education can be given to the school children in the, following ways:, i., ii., iii., iv., v., vi., vii., viii., , 7, , Students should not be kept confined within the four walls of the, classroom teaching and lessons., Students should be made aware of their own locality in regard to, conservation of environment., A simplified but science-based environmental education should be, made compulsory for all stages of education., The teacher should allow the students to see the situation of, environmental degradation in their own localities with their own eyes., Teachers should initiate programs of discussion and workshops on, environmental pollution., Tree plantation programs in collaboration with the Forest department, and other NGOs may be organised in and around the school campus., Visits to Zoos, National Parks, Aquarium, Sanctuaries etc. under the, guidance of the teachers should be arranged at regular intervals., As a part of environmental education students should be asked to, maintain the roads and drains in their own localities with the sanitary, measures.
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