Page 1 :
Unemployment, , , , Fig. 7.1 : Unemployment in India, , s a developing economy and one, st Growing economies"0f, the World., of unemployment is consideted to, st challenge to the development of, 1 gives an idca about the problem, yment in India. Unemployment, aste of human resources. Long term, ent results in mass poverty and slow, evelopment. Mostly, young pcople, roblem of unemployment. Young, h major human resource, key agents, ange and driving force for economic, t and technological innovation., considerable young population, ployment among youth is the most, lenge of the 21* century. There is an, between employment opportunities, © in population, This has resulted, ale uncmployment. So gencrally, people are involved in unproductive, mbling and indulge in anti-social, ional activities., , I, , I nemy rent;, , lormallyy anyone* who is_ not gainfully, cmploycd.in any productive activity is said to be, unemployed. In economics, unemployment is to, be studied with respect to, , a) nature, , b) working age group, , c) demand for and supply of labour, , d) prevailing wage rate., , The rate of economic growth is not fast, enough to generate adequate jobs to absorb the, expandigg labour force., , nemployment is a situation in which, peoplem the age group of 15 to 59 years are able, and willing to work at the prevailing wage but, unable to get a job.), , For a person to be considered employed, it, is essential that the person should be engaged, in work for a minimum number of hours per, week. According to National Sample Survey, Organization (N.S.S.O.), , i) In India, a person is considered unemployed, if he works for less than fourteen hours, per weck., , ii) Those who work for 15 - 28 hours a weck, are considered as underemployed.

Page 3 :
SI ee, f hours per day, , ic, 273 days Of the year is considered, ‘employed! on a standard basis., , ASS 1 It refers, to situation im which people are willing to, , work, but there is no work for them duc to, ‘excess of labour force in relation to demand, , for labour., , 2) Voluntary unemployment : It is a type, ‘self uncmployment where o person is fit, , to work but not willing to work., , Dr ‘Underemployment ; It is a situation, en een nae, , papi Nis, a ipye ryrd «@ hypothetical, are being used in the most efficient manner., , Types of Unemployment :, , There are various types of uncmployment., We can classify une i b, categorics., Rural asemploy', , , , , , , , , , , , , , , A) Rye! nemo nee:, , ¢ uncmployment in villages is, called rural San eerie are the, types of rural unemployment :, , 1) Seaxonal Usemployment : Ajarge number, of people remain unemployed during the, slack season or in the off season. Agriculture, being a scasvaal uccupation, farmers have, to depend upon monsoon for cultivati, Majority ofthe labour furee inthe agricultural, secur remain unemployed for nearly 5-7, months in a year. Seusonal unemployment is, alsu fund in tourism, mamage bands, sugar, , factories, icc factory, da, 2) Disguised Unemployment Ntis also known, , as invisible unemployment. Disguised, uncmploymeat is gencrally found in, villages im India. It is a situation in which, more people are doing work than actually, required) Even if some are withdrawn,, production does not suffgt.In other words, \i aK \of employment, , SROGII aa’, , aa, , € _y Workers have zero murginal productivity., , The excessive pressure on land kcods, to disguised uncmployment in rural arcas., It is estimated that nearly 20% of the, lobour force is disguiscdly uncmployed, in rural ares. Joint family system, lock, of alterputive job opportunitics rouk in, overcrowding in agriculture. These are the, muin rewees fur disguised uncmployment., , , , aria

Page 4 :
cae A)Ri Unemployment: MEMEMEORam, considered, , ¢ uncmployment faund in villages is, called rural unemployment}Following are the, types of rural unemployment :, itandors 1) Seasonal Unemployment : ge number, villing to of people remain unemployed during the, n due to slack season or in the off season. Agriculture, demand being a scasonal occupation, farmers have, to depend upon monsoon for caltivotion, is Majority ofthe labour force in the agricultural, a type :, 3 sector remain unemployed for nearly 5-7, son is fit : ., months in a year. Seasonal uncmployment is, also found in tourism, marriage bands, sugar, , situation factories, ice factory, fisheri .., i, , is under, 2) Disguised Unemployment Nt is also known, hetical as invisible unemployment. Disguised, uncmployment is generally found in, manner, villages in India. It is a situation in which, , more people are doing work than actually, required) Even if some are withdrawn,, production docs not suffcr,.In other words, , iployment. :, , to ‘tz 4 it refers. toy v ‘Situation of employment, i » With’ surplus | manpower ifi which some, , rs A. 5 yy Workers have zero marginal productivity., , The excessive pressure on land leads, , to disguised unemployment in rural arcas., , It is estimated that nearly 20% of the, , labour force is disguisedly unemployed, , in rural arcas. Joint family system, lack, , of alternative job opportunitics result in, , a overcrowding in agriculture. These are the, main reasons for disguised unemployment., , alee

Page 5 :
pr doy) yc! Uncnpoymet;, , onsidered unemployment fi in villages is, called rural unemployment Following are the, types of rural unemployment :, , 1) Seasonal Unemployment : number, of people remain unemployed during the, slack scason or in the off season. Agriculture, being a scasonal occupation, farmers have, to depend upon monsoon for cultivation, Majority of the labour force in the agricultural, sector remain unemployed for nearly 5-7, months in a year. Scasonal uncmployment is, also found in tourism, marriage bands, sugar, factories, ice factory, fisherigette., , 2) Disguised Unemployment Nt is also known, as invisible unemployment. Disguised, unemployment is generally found in, villages in India. It is a situation in which, more people are doing work than actually, requi Even if some are withdrawn,, , f production docs not suff In other words, ; it Dk on employment, - o\* ea "\et which some, iy es Have zero marginal productivity., , The excessive pressure on land leads, to disguised unemployment in rural arcas., It is estimated that nearly 20% of the, labour force is disguisedly unemployed, in rural arcas. Joint family system, lack, of alternative job opportunities result in, overcrowding in agriculture. These are the, main reasons for disguised unemployment.