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SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF, CHEMISTRY
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CHEMISTRY, , The branch of science that deals with the Composition,, structure and properties of Various form of matter is, Called Chemistry.
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BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY, 1., , General chemistry, , 2., , Organic chemistry, , 3., , Inorganic chemistry, , 4., , Physical chemistry, , 5., , Bio chemistry, , 6., , Industrial chemistry, , 7., , Agricultural chemistry, , 8., , Geo chemistry
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MATTER (पदार्थ ), The thing which occupy space and having mass which can be felt by our live senses, is called matter., Matter is further classified Into two categories, , 1. Physical classification, 2. Chemical classification
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PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION, Solid : A substance is called solid if it have definite volume and a definite shape., Example : Iron, Gold, Wood etc., Liquid : A substance is called liquid if it have a definite volume but not definite shape., Example: Water, Oil, Milk etc., Gas : A substance is said to be gas if it neither possesses a definite volume nor a definite, shape., Example : Oxygen (O2), Hydrogen (H2), CO2 etc.
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CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION
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Pure Substance : A material which contains one or more than one kind of, elements or atoms in fixed ratio is called pure substance., (शद्, ु ध पदार्थ), For Example - Gold (Au), Na, CA, H2O, CO2, HNO3, , Pure Substances are classified into Two types., , Element : The pure substance Containing only one kind of atoms called, Element., For Example – Zn, Cu, Hg, O2 , Cl2, , Compound : When two or more Different types of atoms combine in a, certain ratio of their valencies, the pure substance obtained is called, compound., For Example : H2O, NH3, CO2, C6H12O6
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NOTE BELOW, , • About 90% of the Earth’s mass is made up of elements ( O, Si,, Al, Ca ) only., • A compound can be separated into its constituents by, chemical method, but not by physical method., • A compound does not have properties of its constituents or, particles.
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MIXTURE (मिश्रण), When two or more different types of substances are mixed in any ratio, the, substance obtained is called mixture., , For e.g – Water sugar solution, Air ( O2, CO2, NH3 ), Mixtures are classified into two types., , (a) Homogeneous mixture : The mixture in which the properties and, compositions of each parts are Same is called homogeneous mixture., For e.g – water + salt , water + sugar , air , gasoline etc., (b) Hetrogeneous mixture : The mixture in which the properties and, Compoitions of each parts are not same is called hetrogeneous mixture., For e.g – water + sand , water + petrol , Blood etc.
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QUESTIONS, , 1. Which of the following is a solution., (1) Heterogeneous mixture, , (2) Homogeneous mixture, , (3) Both (1) and (2), , (4) None of these, , Solution Ans., 2. Which one of the following is not a mixture :, (1) Tap water (2) Distilled water (3) Salt in water (4) Oil in water, Solution Ans.
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S.I. UNITS (INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS)
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ATOM, The smallest unit of an element, which is not found in its free state but which can, take part in a chemical reaction, is called an atom., Example :, , Hydrogen (H), Neon (Ne), Iron (Fe)
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MOLECULE, The smallest particle of the substance that can live in a free state and take a part in, chemical reaction in a free state is called molecule., Example : H2, CO2, NH3, O2
