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Discuss about the mandarins of China and Satraps of the Persian Empire?, The term mandarin comes from the Portuguese mandarim that again is borrowed from the, Sanskrit word mantrin, meaning counsellor or minister. In between 221 BC and 1912 AD the, mandarins were the scholar bureaucrats who administered the imperial government of China., It was the Chinese who first established an institution of officials or bureaucracy that was, based on individual skill and education. On the basis of their birth, property or family-status,, the selection of the officials was made. The system of recruitment of officials was considered, the key to imperial china’s success and longevity. In fact, in china many emperors and, kingdoms came and went, but the Chinese civilization remained in places as a result of wellorganised administrative system run by scholar-bureaucrats., In modern Persian language the term ‘Satrap’ is translated as ‘town-keeper’. Darius of the, Persian Empire was a great warrior. But his fame lay chiefly in the administration of the, empire. In order to govern his vast empire efficiently Darius divided it into provinces called, satrapies. The provinces were somewhat like the homeland of different groups of people who, lived within the Persian Empire. Under the Persia system of rule the people in each province, practiced their own religion and had their own language and laws. Despite such separate, entities of the people in the province the emperor ruled with absolute power over the, provinces. This was possible with the appointment of a governor, called Satrap in each of the, provinces. The satraps were appointed by the emperor.