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The Rise of Nationalism in Europe, , WiThe French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation, , 1789 - French Revolution started, * Major Changes during French Revolution, , . Power. Transfer from monarch to Common people., , . Brought new Flag. (Tricolor)., , . French Became the National language., , . New national Anthem composed and oath taken., , . Estate General elected by comm on people and renamed, national Assembly., , . Internal Custom duties were removed., , . Nationalism Idea Taken Abroad by French Armies., , ahwond—, , NO, , * 1799 - 1815 - Napoleon Rule, , * Civil Code of 1804 (Napoleon Code), , 1. Established equality before law., , 2. Right to Property.-No one can take property except govt., 3. feudal system was Abolished., , 4. Freed peasants from fron serfdom., , 5 Guild Restriction were Removed., , 6. Transport and Communication system were Improved., , *Drawbacks of Napoleon Code, 1. Increased Tax, , 2. Censorship were Imposed., 3. Forced to join French Army.
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METHE MAKING OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE, - Mid 18th Century ~ 1750 - 1815, , ‘There were no Nation State., , «Because of so much diversity., , ex: Habsburg Empire, there are 3 types of people:, 1) French 2) Italian 3) German, , Groups in Europe, , ) Aristocracy )) Peasantry, 1. Land owning Class. 1. Majority population, 2. Speaks French language. 2. looked after Aristocracy, 3. Small group. Land., 4. Family Connected by, Marriages., , 5. United in common way of life., , * Middle Class - Rise due to rise in Industrialisation., - Types of Middle Class:, , 1) Industrialists, , 2) Businessmen, , 3) Professionals - Doctors,lawyers,.., , + Changes started Coming., , + Middle Class came with two ideas :1) Nation State One Culture,language, Tradition,History people live together., , 2) Liberal Nationalism :, + Freedom of Individual., , + Equality before law., , + Government with people agreement., , « End of Autocracy Rule and Clerical privileges., * Constitutional and Representative government.
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*Problems :1) Only men above 21 was allowed to vote who have their property., 2) State to State Trade Restrictions. (Trade Barriers)., , - To solve this problem:, *In 1834 - Custom Union Formed, ( Zollverein), + Prussia started., + Many other German states joined later., , Results, 1) Abolished Trade Barriers., 2) Reduced no. of Currencies from 30 to 2., , * 1815 - Battle of water loo, - Napolean Defeated from Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria., , * Conservatism:, , 1) Preserve Traditional Institutions., 2) No Criticism and Disagreement., 3) Censorship., , *Treaty of VIENNA - 1815 (Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria), , 1) Bourbon dynasty was Restored in France., , 2 States were set up on the Boundaries of France to prevent, French expansion in future., , 3) Prussia got some important Territories on its western., , 4) Austria got Control over North Italy., , 5) Russia got Poland., , 6) Confederation of 39 states which had been set up by Napolean, was left untouched.
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* The Revelutionaries :, - Work: make Secret society, , *Aim:, 1) Spread the Idea of Nationalism., , 2 oppose Monarchy., , 3)Wanted Freedom and end Autocratic Rule., , 4) Nation state., , *Giuseppe Mazzaini:, 1) Italian Revolutionary, , 2) Member of secret society *Carbonari*., , 3) formed Two secret Society, - Young Italy in Marseilles., - Young Europe in Berne., , 4) Believed in Unification of Italy., , Age of Revolution - (1830 - 1848), , - Two ideas spread widely:, 1) Liberalism, 2) Nationalism, , - Spreading in different parts of Europe by Educated Middle class., , *In 1830, two revolution takes place:, , ) July Revolution, 1) Bourbon kings were, overthrown., - Constitutional monarchy, was set up., - *Louis Philippe* at its Head., , 2) Revolution started in, Brussels., - Under United Kingdom of the, Netherland., - Resulted in Belgium Breaking, Away., , ) Greek Revolution, 1) Under ottoman, Empire., , - 1821: started, struggle for freedom, and were supported, by Western European, Countries., , - Poets and Artists, play a major role., , - In 1832 : *Treaty of, Constantinople*, , - Declared Greek, Independent.
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* Nationalism Feeling :, * Romanticism: A Cultural movement to develop a particular form, of Nationalism sentiments., , - German Gottfried : Write Folk dance,songs, poetry, , - End of 18th Century, Russia got Poland. (In Treaty of Vienna), - Polish language was removed., , - Russian Language implements., , - In 1831 people started fighting against Russia., , - But no advantage., , - They were sent to jail or Siberia., , Thus Language a major role in rise of Nationalism feeling., , * Hunger Hardship and popular Revolt:, , 1830 - population rises - very bad economic time of Europe, , - People moved to Cities, , - Machine made good were imported from England in Europe., , - Due to which European producers started getting loss and tough, Competition., , - 1848 - unemployment increases., , - Paris came to Road., , - Louis phillippe was Removed., , * Some changes were brought, - Right to vote - Age 21., - Right to work., , * 1845: weavers started Revolt against contractor., Reason :- Payment decreased., , -4th June 1845 - weavers Came to Road for protest., - Contractor ran away with his family., , - Instead 11 weavers were killed.
