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Administration by Local, Rulers & Chieftains,
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Thru Subsidiary Alliance, Lord Wellesley Helped them,
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British Rule, Malabar, , Direct Rule, , Travancore, &, Kochi, , Paramountcy, of the British.
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Subsidiary Alliance, Subsidiary AllianceSubsidiary, Alliance, , Lord Wellesley, Native States under their control, Protection by British army, Expenditure by the Native States, Couldn't keep their own army, Foreign policy by British, A British Resident,
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British Rule....., Political Domination, Economic Exploitation, Intellectual Hegemony
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Malabar..., Ruled as provinces., Malabar was under the Bombay, Presidency till 1800, Then under Madras Presidency, Anti People Policies - High Taxes, Revolt by Kerala Varma Pazhassi, Raja,
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Kurichia Revolt (Vayanad), Against the Revenue Reforms, To pay Tax in Cash than Kind, Exploited & Punished, Popular Resistance,
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Effects of British Rule, Self-Sufficient Villages &, Indigenous Production Declined, Took Raw Materials at cheap price, English Products were Imposed, Roads, Bridges & Rail for Them, Rural Economy Ruined, Many Under Starvation, Monopoly in Trade, (salt, tobacco,timber, spices, etc),
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More Taxes......, Houses, Shops, Cattle, Ferry,, Fishing Net, Looms, Toddy,, Arrack, Knives,
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These kinds of taxes, too!, Collecting firewood from the, forests, , , To cross rivers had to pay, a tax,
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Renewal of lease and, Superimposition, , , Polichezhuthu → Renew the, , contract with the lord every 12 years, , , Melcharth → Assigning the land, , held by one tenant to another
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Effects of Land Laws, Land Revenue in Cash, LR was Increased Many Times, Actual Peasants were Denied, Ownership of Land, Rights over Land for Landlords, More Rights & Powers for, Landlords, The exploitation & cruelties of,, landlords increased.,
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Peasants were Harassed.., By the British Govt.,, Landlords,, Police ,, Judiciary, Peasants Protested, Organised, Revolts,
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Peasant Uprisings of Malabar, The Revolts against the British in, Malabar, Tenants,Agricultural Labourers,, Artisans, Petty Traders.., Eranad & Valluvanad (Muslims), Mysorean invasion – Flee &, Return of chieftains and landlords, British Support for the landlords, and chieftains – Mutual Benefit,
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Pandarappattam, Proclamation, Land Relations of Travancore, State-owned Land was Leased, (Marthanda Varma) – to meet the, British Army Expense, Rich (thru Trade) asked right of, ownership of the Land –, Travancore agreed,
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Pandarappattam Proclamation,, Janmi Kudiyan proclamation, Actual peasant did not get any, right of ownership, They were left out & Harassed, The British Officials, Police, &, Judiciary stood for the Landlords, Sale, Purchase & Change in the, use of agricultural land.,
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Transformation in the, field of Agriculture........., Cash Crops than Paddy, Crops linked to industry, High Ranges & Forests, opened for Cash Crops &, Plantation Crops, Migrations Spread
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Influence of Capital Investment, in Economic & Social fields, Plantations,Trade and Banking, Connection with World Market, Moved to Industrial Fields, Job-Public works, Police, Military, Changes in Social Relations, Expansion of Education, Changes in Land Relations,
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Education in Kerala ...., Took Measures in Education, To manage their Affairs, The Church Mission Society Travancore and Cochin, Basel Evangelical MissionMalabar, Schools in Western Style., No Separation on Caste,Creed,
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Education By Our Govt. ...., Then Govt. entered this Field, Only Upper Castes got Chance, Lower Castes in Private Schools, Press helped them to raise Voice, against this, Economic prosperity helped, Spreading Education, Free Primary education to all, children in 1904.,
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Education in Malabar, Work of Dr. Hermann Gundert, Primary – College Education, University of Travancore in 1937, in Trivandrum, Denigrating Native Knowledge, Modern Knowledge reached here
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Healthcare in Kerala ...., Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Medicine were the Treatments, Arrival of Allopathy, For the Treatment of employees, & the soldiers of British, Effective in Preventing, Contagious diseases (small pox,cholera),
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Travancore Model in, Healthcare, Scientific policy of Public Health, Hospitals with Modern Facilities, Hospital for Women & Children, Factory of Small pox vaccine in 1888, Scholarships to women for, Medical Education,
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Social Transformation, To fight against the Social Evils
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The Channar Revolt, 1822-1859, Vaikunthaswami, Right to wear upper clothes, women, , , to
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Sree Narayana, Guru, To free from, complex caste, system &, patterns of, worship based, on, superstitions
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Social Movements were.., Part of Freedom Movement, Against Imperialism., Against the Social Inequality,
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National Movement in Kerala, Arrival of, Gandhi, Non-violent,
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The Decision by Nagpur Congress, Arrange states - Linguistic Basis, Native states within the purview, of the states, Not to admit children to British, schools, Lawyers should stop practice, Not to use Foreign clothes, Use Only Swadeshi Articles, Removal of Untouchability
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Simon Go Back .....(1928), A, ,
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Civil Disobedience (1930)
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National, 1928→The Railway Strike, 1931→Weaving Mill Strike, 1935→Feroke Tile Factory struck, 1935→Calicut Cotton strike, 1942→'Quit India', 1941→Kayyoor Peasant Revolts, 1946→Karivalloor, 1946→Punnappra-Vayalar Revolt,
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EMS, Land Bill,, Education Bill.., Liberation, Struggle, Dismissel of, the Ministry by, President (Article.356), 1960 - Midterm, Election,
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The Kerala Model Development, Landlordism came to an End, Land Reforms Act in 1969, School Education was made free, Arrangements for public health, Welfare Activities, Total Literacy in 1990, Three-Tier Panchayat, Decentralization, Socio- Economic Development,
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End
