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i, , :, , |, |, , , , , , + vermcmipurary India-Il, innate ala, , Resources and, Development, , Quick Revision, , Resource, , Everything available in our environment that can be, used to satisfy our needs, which is technologically, , accessible, economically feasible and culturally, acceptable can be termed as resource., , Types of Resource, , Resources can be classified on the basis of origin,, exhaustibility, ownership and the status of, development., * On the basis of origin, resources are of two, types, viz., biotic resources and abiotic resources., - Biotic resources are obtained from biosphere, and have life, i.e., human beings, livestock, flora, and fauna, fisheries etc., , - Abiotic resources are composed of non-living, things, e.g. rocks and metals., , . On the basis of exhaustibility, resources are, , |, |, ;, , , , renewable and non-renewable., , - Renewable resources can be renewed or, reproduced by applying physical, chemical or, mechanical process e.g. solar energy, wind, energy, forest, water, wildlife, etc. ,, These resources can be further sub divided into, two forms, i.e. flow or continuous resources and, biological resources., , - Non-renewable resources are formed through, long geological time period and can not be, renewed easily,, , e.g. minerals, metals and fossil fuels, These, resources may further divided as recyclable and, , non-recyclable., , * On the basis of ownership, resources are, individual, community owned, national and, international resources., , - Individual resources are owned privately by, individuals, e:g. plantation, pasture land,, farmland, etc., , ~ Community owned resources are equally, accessible to all the members of the community,, e.g. grazing ground, burial grounds, etc., , - National resources are under the control of, nation, e.g. canal, roadways, railways, etc., , - International resource are international, institutions which regulate some resources like, the oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles, of the Exclusive Economic Zone belong to, open ocean which cannot be used by, , any country without the permission of, international institutions., , * On the basis of the status of development,, , resources are potential, developed, stocks and, reserves., , - Potential resources are those resources which, , are found in a region, but not yet have been, utilised., , - Developed resources are surveyed and their, quality and quantity is determined for utilisation, e.g. coal and petroleum., , ~ Stock Material in the environment which have, the potential to satisfy human need but human, being do not have appropriate technology to, , access these are known as stock, e.g. hydrogen, in water.
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CBSE New Patte, , k which ean used by, , Vv D Yl toc, Reserves are subset ol st, t been, , technical know how, but their use has no, started, egg. Fiver Waler,, povolopmont of Resources, vital for human survival and for, maintaining quality of life. But over utilisation of, resources has led to the serious global problems, like global w arming, ozone layer depletion,, ental pollution and land degradation., ition of resources therefore, is, sd quality of life and global, sd through sustainable, , , , * Resources at, , environme, * An equal distribu, essential for a sustain, peace, This can be achieve, development and resource planning., Sustainable Development, Sustainable economic development means, ‘development should take place without damaging, the environment, and development in the present,, should not compromise with the needs of the, future generations., , Rio De Janeiro Summit, 1992,, , © The first International Earth Summit was held in, Rio De Janeiro in June 1992., , « The summit addressed the problems of, environmental protection and socio-economic, development., , + Leaders of more than 100 countries signed the, Declaration on Global Climate Change and, Biological Diversity. They also adopted Global, Forest Principles and Agenda 21., , Agenda 21, , * It is a declaration signed at the United Nations, Conference on Environment and, Development (UNCED) in 1992 at Rio De, Janeiro, Brazil., , « It aims to combat environmental damage,, poverty, disease through global co-operation,, etc. It also aims that every local government, should draw its own local Agenda-21., , Resource Planning, , * Planning is the widely accepted strategy for, judicious use of resources., , ¢ Resource planning is essential for sustainable, development in India because some regions are, rich in one resources but are deficient in other, resources,, , , , rn~ Social Science Class 10th (Term », TT, , gions which can be considereg, 19 of availability of resources, gions which have acute, res. e.g. Jharkhand and, , e There are some re, self sufficient in tert, and there are some re, shortage of vital resou, , Madhya Pradesh., , Resource Planning in India, , «. Complex process of resource planning in India is, divided into three stages, ¢.§- identification and, inventory of resources, planning for resource, development, matching the resource, development plans with overall national, development plans., , + India has made concerted efforts for achieving, the goals of resources planning right from the, First Five Year Plan launched after, Independence., , Resources and Colonisation, , Rich natural resources of colonies were the main, attractions for foreign invaders., , * Technological development of the colonising, countries helped them to exploit resources of the, colonised regions., , « India has experienced by colonisation that the, availability of resources as well as the technology, and quality of human resource are needed for, proper development., , Conservation of Resources, , ¢ Resources are vital for any developmental, activity. To overcome the problems of irrational, consumption and over-utilisation of resources,, resource conservation at various levels is, important., , ¢ At international level, resource conservation was, advocated in 1968 at Club of Rome and in, 1987, the Brundtland Commission Report, extensively mentioned the necessity of resources., , , , Land Resources, , * Land is a very important natural resource. It is, limited, so, it needs to be used with careful, planning., , © Indian’s geographical area compries of variety of, relief features i.e. 43 per cent plain land area for, agriculture and industries, 27 per cent plateau, which source of mineral, fossil fuels and forest, and 30 per cent of mountains. ‘
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(CBSE NEW rucecr te, , : Land Utilisation, , Land resource are used for the many purposes, , ~ such as Forests, Land not available for cultivation,, Other uncultivated land, Fallow lands, Net sown, , , , area., Land Use Pattern in India, , + The use of land is determined by physical, factors like climate, soil type, topography etc as, , well as human factors like population density,, , technological capability and culture and, traditions, etc., , ~ « Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million, , sq. km. Out of this, the land under permanent, , pasture has decreased., , ¢ In India, land use data is available for only 93, per cent of total area., , « Between 1960-61 and 2014-2015 major changes, took place in land use pattern in India. For, example,, , - Most of the other than-current fallow lands are, of poor quality and their cost of cultivation is, very high. The pattern of net sown area varies, greatly from one state to another., , - Forest area in India is far lower than the desired, 33% of geographical area., , - Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, , F, , i, , , , , , L and land put to other non-agricultural uses, ‘ includes settlements, roads, railways, industry,, etc., , Land Degradation and, , , , Conservation Measures, , * It isa common problem associated with land, resources which is accelerated today because of, human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, and mining., , _ * Natural factors like water-and wind cause, , ~ erosion of top soil., , _ * Mineral processing is also responsible for land, , degradation., , ~ * Measures to reduce land degradation are, _ afforestation, controlled grazing, stabilisation of, _ sand dunes etc., , Soilas a Resources, * Soilisa living system and supports different, - types of living organisms., , , , , , « Ittakes millions of years to form soil upto a few, an in depth relief, parent rock or bed rock,, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and, time are important factors in the formation of, , soil., , Classification of Soil, , There are various types of soils found in India, such as Alluvial, Black, Red and Yellow, Laterite,, Arid, Forest and Mountain soils. ,, , Alluvial Soils, , Alluvial soil is the most widespread soil in India,, which has been deposited by three important, Himalayan river systems i.e. the Indus, the Ganges, , and the Brahmaputra., , Black Soils, , * Black soil is also known as black cotton soil or, regur soil. The factors that are important for the, formation of black soil are climatic condition, along with parent rock material., , ¢ Itis found in the Deccan trap (Basalt) region and, is made up of lava flows., , Red and Yellow Soils, , * Itisred in colour due to diffusion of, iron particles into crystalline and metamorphic, rocks in low rainfall areas of the Deccan plateau, (Eastern and Southern parts)., , * It is found in parts of Odisha, Chhattisgarh,, Southern parts of Middle Ganga Plain and along, the piedmont zone of the Western Ghats., , Laterite Soils, , ¢ The word laterite has been derived from the, Latin word later which means brick. Laterite, soil develops in tropical and sub-tropical climate, with alternative wet and dry season., , * It is found mostly in Western Ghats region of, Maharashtra, Odisha, some parts of West Bengal, and North-East regions., , Arid Soils, , * Arid Soil is found in dry areas. In some areas,, common salt is obtained in this soil due to, evaporation of water., , . It can be useful for cultivation only with suitable, irrigation methods as in case of Western, Rajasthan.
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Forest Soils, , * Forest soil is found in hilly and mountainous areas, where sufficient rain forests are available., , * It is found in lower parts of valleys particularly on, the river terraces., , Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation, , Soil erosion is the removal of the soil cover and, subsequent washing down of top soil., , ° The process of soil formation and erosion goon, , simultaneously and there is a balance between the, two process., , 02., , 03., , 04, , 05., , ay, , ¢ The balance is disturbed due to natural ‘a, human causes., , Erosion through wind, glacier and Water, natural causes., , ¢ Human has contributed more towards soil, erosion due to deforestation, faulty meth,, of agriculture, overgrazing, construction, mining, etc., , « Contour ploughing, terrace farming, str;, cropping, shelter belts can prevent soil, erosion., , and, , Objective Questions, , Multiple Choice Questions, , 01. The resources which are obtained from, , biosphere and have life are called, (a) Biotic (b) Abiotic, (c) Parasitic (d) None of these, , Which of the following is not classified, on the basis of status of development?, (a) Potential resource, , (b) Developed resource, Stock, (c) Reserves resource, (d) Renewable resource, , Individual, community, national and, international resources are classified on, the basis of, (a) origin, , (b) exhaustibility, (c) ownership, , (d) status of development, , The ocean resources beyond 200 nautical, miles is classified under which zone?, , (a) Exclusive Economic Zone, , (b) Export-Processing Zone, , (c) Special Economic Zone, , (d) None of the above, , The territorial waters that extend upto, 12 nautical miles from base of a coastal, , country is recognised by on Law, of Sea., , (a) United Nation Convention, (b) Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, , (c) Nuclear Security Summit, (d) None of the above, , 06. Which of the following is essential fo:, , sustainable existence of all forms of life?, (a) Resource planning, , (b) Resource management, , (c) Resource extraction, , (d) Resource generation, , 07., , Area sown more than once in an, , agricultural year plus net sown area is, known as, , (a) fallow lands, , (b) gross cropped are?, (c) cropped area, , (d) grazing land, , Which state among the North-Eastem, states has been fully surveyed for its, , , , 08., , land use?, (a) Arunachal Pradesh (b) Manipur, (c) Tripura (d)Assam, , 09,, , Which of the following soil is more, common in piedmont plains such as, Duars, Chos and Terai?, , (a) Black soil, , (b) Laterite soil, , (c) Alluvial soit, , (d) Red soil, , a1?, 10. Which soil is also known as regur soi”, (a) Black soil {b) Red soil, (c) Alluvial soil (d) Laterite soil
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|, , , , : CBSE New Pattern ~ Social Science Class 10th (Term 1), , 11. Black soils are generally poor in, (a) Phosphoric content, (b) Moisture, (c) Potash, (d) Calcium carbonate, , 12. Where are red soil mostly found?, (a) Deccan plateau, parts of Odisha, (b) Kerala and Karnataka, (c) Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh, (d) Gujarat and Rajasthan, , 13. Laterite soil is mainly found in, (a) Southern states, (b) Uttar Pradesh, (c) Chhattisgarh, (d) Madhya Pradesh, , 14. The lower horizons of the arid soil is, occupied by kankar due to increasing,, (a) Calcium content, (b) Potash content, (c) Lime, potash and phosphorous content, (d) Phosphorous content, , 15. In the snow covered areas of Himalayas,, which of the following soil experiences, denudation and is acidic in nature with, humus content?, , (a) Laterite soil, , (b) Black soil, (c) Alluvial soil, (d) Forest soil, 16... soils are generally sandy in, texture and saline in nature., (a) Laterite soil (b) Arid soil, (c) Red soil (d) Alluvial soil, , 17. The land becomes unfit for cultivation, is known as ......++ a, , (a) Fallow land, (c) Deserted land, , (b) Bad land, (d) Wasted land, , 18. The running water cuts through the, clayey soils and makes deep channels as, , (a) bad land (b) gullies, (c) deltas (d) None of these, , 17, , 19. Identify the correct reason for the, , formation of gullies in bad lands., , (a) Formed when running water cuts through, soils making deep channels., , (b) When water flows over large areas downa, slope., , (c) When moving wind blows away loose soil of, flat lands., , (d) Formed when ploughing is done in a wrong, way., , 20. sive is a strip cropping, , (a) Planting lines of trees, , (b) Planting between water beds, , (c) Strip of grass are left to grow between the, crops, , (d) Cultivating making steps, , 21. Complete the following table with correct, , information with regard to forest soil., , , , Soil Soil | Areas where | Humus, texture found content, , , , , , Forest | Loamy | (a) ... (b) ..., Soil and Silty, , , , , , , , , , , , (a) Hills/mountain, low (b) Plain, low, (c) Desert, high (d) Plateau, low, , 22. Which type of erosion is depicted in the, picture given below?, , , , (b) Glacial erosion, (d) Wind erosion, , (a) Sheet erosion, (c) Gully erosion, , 23. Which of the following pair is not, , correctly matched?, , (a) Alluvial soil-ideal for sugarcane and paddy, (b) Black soil - cotton, , (c) Laterite sol - cashewnut, , (d)Red soil - Wheat and Bajra
