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Reflection, law of, , -, , Plane mirror, , -, , -, , -, , Spherical Mirror, concave mirror, ray diagrams, Image formation by convex mirror, Uses of concave 4 Convex mirror, -, , gr, a, , -, , -, , Mirror formula, , -, , Ja, n, , Light, , Reflection, , Refraction, -, , of Refraction, Refraction through Rectangular, laws of Refraction, Refractive Index, causes, , l, , -, , ni, , -, , -, , A, , -, , -, , -, , -, , -, , -, , spherical, , glass, , slab, , lens, lens, , convex, Kay diagrams, I, formation, concave, by, Image, , lens formula, Power of lens, , lens

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⑨, , travels in, , Light, , straight, , a, , line, , ⑥, , ., , REFLECTION, back, coming, a surface, , light rays to, , of, , medium , when, , the same, , they fall, , on, , ., , # LAWS, *, , of Reflection :, ), Angle of incidence kit-AngkofreH.frincidence, is Incidentrayg normal at the point of, and reflected ray all lie in the same plane, ., , ., , ray of light, is, a mirror, path, , own, , °, °, , Object, Image, , -, , -, , }, , ., , Point of, , Real, , of reflected ray, , but, , ,, , def light, , vo, , l, , -, , then, , Real, , ni, r, , i, , I, , -, , -, , A, , object, line.tn?sedecnttfnoayts,, , :, , ', , i, , ←, , e, , I, , Red, , -, , -, , ,, , -, , called, called, , image formed, , °, , ", , real, , E virtual, , i., , z, , Image, , (Intersection of, reflected rays), , °, , ±, ', , -, , s, , s, ', , -, , 780, -, , ', , y, , Reflected rays, , Object and image are equidistant from the plane mirror, If object is real then image will be virtual and vice-versa, Image is laterally inverted i. e. left seems to be right and, ., , Size of, Uses, , →, , image is equal to size, looking glass , periscopes, , of object, , etc, , ., , ., , ., , s, , !, , vice-versa, , °, , image, , Ps virtual, , Plane mirror, °, , object, , ., , ., , to meet at another, point, , appear, , Black > Incident rays, , °, , Normal, , ,, , set Aet, , go.pt?.af.noghtEd, -, , ;, , Image, Height rays coming from a point, after reflection does not meet actually, , ., , Trick, , n, , virtual, , Image, It the light rays coming from a, paint actually , meet after reflection, then, image formed is real, , >, , .., , Point of intersection of incident ray .is, is, intersection, , Ja, n, , on, , which is incident, normally, reflected back along its, , gr, a, , K3B oAny, , .

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Spherical, G, , whose, , ( IT, , ②, , right, , Mirror, , !, , in, , -, , reflecting surfaces, , spherical, # El ), , are, , mirror Ets sphere # et part, , *←, •, , ¥, , c, , ConniffYaga, , :, , ., , p, , !, , moiYak, , a, , surface, , surface, , UET tf tht HT, Patil ITT I, 6 ¥3# spherical mirror, , Ittf, , et th, , imaginary sphere 14h17 IF, 314, , ., , Reflecting, , Reflecting, , for example, , ÷, , ', , 3114T, , tht IF 3ft sphere af, FI, * mirror, , radius of, , o, , o, , gr, a, , Radius of Curvature : Radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is the, centre of curvature, , Pole, , :, , :, , It is the mid, , -, , °, , Principal, , °, , Focus Cfl, , of which , mirror is, , imaginary sphere, , Axis, , :, , imaginary, , centre of that, , Ja, n, , °, , HIT, , line, , part, , ., , sphere of which mirror ispart, , point of its reflecting surface, , paining, , pole and, , ,, , ., , Symbols, , ., , centre of curvature, , P, , ., , ., , point on principal axis of the mirror at which the light, rays coming parallel to principal axis , after reflection actually meet, :, , A, , ., , ! !, , !!, , °, , Aperture, , RAY, , !, , ni, ., , ., , A, , q, , f', , l, , -, , :, , >, , diameter of, , ←-, , focus of, , n, , -, , I,, , :, , F-, , if, , reflecting, , →, , Real, , convex, , →, , virtual, , focal length, , ¥, , It, , concave, , in mirror @ my, , surface of, , spherical, , →, , Distance between, , pole, , and focus, , ., , ) ff=RzT, , ←, , mirror, , ., , DIAGRAMS, , ¥ ns.gmagrpuaiuaiieitoprinuopaeaxissatterretk, , ", , ", , will pass, through the principal focus in case, of a concave mirror or appear to diverge from the, principal focus in case of a convene mirror, ., , !! ÷, , ÷, , ., , ., , ., , ., , .

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③, , through principal focus of concave, passing, mirror, which is directed towards the, , A, , •, , ray, , or a, , ray, focus, of, principal, will emerge, , a, , parallel, , corner, , to, , mirror, , principal, , ,, , after reflection, , axis, , ', , ', , centre, , of curvature of, , reflection , is reflected back, , along, , path, , same, , incident and reflected rays, equal angles with principal axis, , The, , :, , after, , mirror ,, , a convex, , ;¥÷÷, , ,, , ", , .÷÷, , ÷, , ., , make, , ., , ., , -1, , ,, , i, , ., , Eri, , c, , P, , gr, a, , c, , ,, , BY CONCAVE, , ., , ., , ., , # IMAGE FORMATION, , ÷, , ., , ., , ., , ., , 2%89:sings:O: Kassitedeft # inattention., , ", , °, , ;÷, , a, , ', , It, , E, , p, , E, , 1-, , MIRROR :, , EM, , Ja, n, , ', , l, , #, , By, , convex mirror, , :, , ., , ftp.go, , ni, , ↳ Here we consider, two, only, positions of the object firstly,, when object is at infinity and, , A, , ., , is when, position, distance, , second, at, , a, , ., , ,, , finite, , the, , object is, , from mirror, , ., , Uses of, , o, , convex Mirror :, Rear view mirrors in vehicles, because, , they always give, and have wider, , image, view as, °, , Uses, ↳, , of, , concave, , mirror :, , -, , mirror torch , dentists ,, ,, furnace, , Shaving, in solar, , ., , an, , erect, , field of, , outward, theymirrorscurved, used as shops, convex, , Big, security, , are, , mirrors, , ., , →, , T.IS#tT9T72IT!

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④, #, , Sign, , convention, , -, , origin, , Pole is, , o, , -, , ., , axis is, , Principal, , °, , :, , a, , -, , anis, , Torigin, , MIRROR FORMULA, , n-an.is, , *, , •, , ÷, , ut, , +, , -, , T IT, , ft, , coordinate of focus, , se, , -, , coordinate of, , (, Magnification, is, , ), , object, , Iu, , m=, , object, , It, , ., , Calculate, , at, , a, , a, , real, , m= ve →, , A, , ., , m=I, , I, , ;, , -, , object, , as, , &, , RO, R2, ., , -, , -, , Real, Real, , -, , Vidya, , ., , of Image, of Object, , infront of a, , 12cm, , VO, , VI, , RO, , VI, , ro, , R2, , v=, , -12cm, , 'af8bF&¥, , ", , →, , 4, , ., , :, , Ro, , given, R O, ., , concave, , object, , ., , #E, , → units, , ", -, , Trick : HTT, ", same same invested, -, , Is, , Invested, , ?, , i., , From, •, , Is, , Erect, , vote, , ., , Mitt, , 3111471), , mtt, , ↳, , is, , always, , sign ? ? ], 359, , Uef, , Trick, , on, , left, , :O, , -, , resign), , that # 41*1, , ., , R I, ., , ., , ., , 412.2, , ., , →, , same, , and, , UT, , -, , ( as we know obtect, [ but, , 4 times, , -, , -, , than the, , -, , Givens, , Sayyed, , Image, , RI, , # (Trickett, , ", , object, , Image, , at, , ., , of an, , -, , zf gift, m, , B, , f, , image, , the, , ., , RO, , =p, inverted, (, , solution), , -, , distance of, , obtect, , -, , height, height, , -, , -, , size, , image four times larger, the distance of image from the mirror, forms, , ni, , ④B, , ho, , ho, , object, , to, , hz, , he, , =, , placed, , is, , respect, , l, , mirror, , -, , relative extent to which, , the, , with, , magnified, , •, , *, , An, , Gives, , :, , m, , MII, , image, object, , coordinate of, , n, , ✓, ✓, , -, , Ja, n, , a-, , gr, a, , [ with sign), f-, , 9, , we, , -, , same, , know, , invested, , for inverted, , !, , , m, , -e

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%, as ,, , m=, , m=, , -, , Red pen, part rough, for boards , because, , f., , y, , if, , Iu, , To, , =, , # that Pt is not, ,, 27 Teeth Tricked, , ⑤, , ), , -4, , 4¥54, µ=-48cm_, LII, , An object is placed at a distance of 8cm from a convex mirror, of focal length 12cm Find position of image, 8cm, given g E +12cm, f- I ?, fv at sign A #* iet, mirror formula, nth ro automatically, f- f,, using, ., , set:, , ., , -, , feat, , =, , If, , HII,s¥qn, , gr, a, , f-, , =, , ÷¥= 's, f-, , # ¥, , #, , +, , Ja, n, , =, , f, , -, , -, , ÷, , ,, , ray as it passes from, Refraction of light, , p, , l, , ., , ,, , y, , denser, , ni, , rarer, , ' ', , Tx, ,, , >, rarer, , -, , i, , denser, , ., , ., , A, , ., , light ray goes from, rarer medium it bends, , when, , from, , normal, , Refraction ?, different media ,, , speed, , As, , i.e, , ., , light rays, medium it, , denser, normal, , away, →, , T, T, , we, , more, , -, , µ, , Li >r), , -, , -, , 8, , -, , -, , i, , ., , goes from, , rarer, , to, , bends towards the, , ., , know speed of light is different, in rarer medium and, comparatively, , light, , when, enters a denser medium , its, reduces and it bends towards the normal and when it enters, medium gits speed increases and it bends away from the normal, , less in denser, rarer, , when, , ., , Cause of, in, , denser, , ,, , ', , :, , ., , ., , ., , l, , l, , :, , ', , to, , medium to another, o, , l, , T, , fer), , one, , ', , l, , E, , ., , l, , -, , ), , H48cm_, , REFRACTION, , in path of a, change, light, medium is called, , ,, , medium, , ., , So, , ,, , ., , .

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⑥, , Refraction through, , #, , EFe, , -, , -, , a, , Rectangular, , Glass slab or, Rarer, , incidence, of refraction, , angle of, angle, , angle, , of, , T, , emergence, , Denker, , ., , Angle of emergence , LE Le, Angle, If the incident ray falls normally to the surface, of glass slab , then there is no bending of ray, of incidence, , °, °, , light ii. e, , of, , ., , it, , =, , goes straight, , ti, , ., , rarer, , expressed, , as ', , saying, , Refractive Index, in, given pair of, , #, , :, , a, , g., , =, , flu, , At constant, , →, , Ja, n, , It is, , gr, a, , # LAWS OF REFRACTION :, '% The incident say , the refracted, ray and the normal to the interface of, two transparent media at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane, The ratio of sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction, for light of given colour is constant for a given pair of media (Snell 's law), ., , refractive index), , direction that takes place, changeininterms, of refractive index, expressed, , The extent of, , media is, , represents refractive index of medium 2 with respect, when, light is going from medium L to medium 2, , Nz, , ., , to medium, , Ig, , l, , ., , refractive index of, , absolute, , It, , a, , ssipnni, , medium with, , refractive index of medium, , glam / water pair, , for, , °, , =, , ni, , The, , A, , °, , HE, , ME, , i., , question is, , w, , related to, , |M=f#, , Hg, , =, , ,, , for egg, , ang, , -, , to vacuum, , ., , Vac Kum, , w 8., ., , all w, , et, , is called, , that Faf, , fight itt, , AMI, , II 's ], , ⑨, , speed :, , speed of light in race um lair, speed of light in medium, , →, , -, , respect, , ,, , rglegouftgroffpigghntinnai.cn Ey, -, , -, , on, , ,, , aMw, , -, , -, , @ate), , I, , .

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⑦, LE : calculate angle of incidence of light ray incident, , plastic, , Sd :, , slab of refractive index B, air, , given,, , # glass, , light, , ,, , ,④, , STA, , formula, , 4TH, , ", , angle, , of refraction is, , 30?, , -, , 30, , going from, , air to glass, , aMg=,Mu8_a= ginning, , to, , speed given ett af speed, , Tf, , surface of a, , ., -, , is, , ", , ", , 4TH, , Lr, , g, , on, , sin att l, , t, , ", , iz, , zinnias, , gr, a, , sin i, , -, , -, , =, , I, 2, , %lE=6O°#, , SPHERICAL LENS, material bound, forms a lens, , transparent, , spherical,, , by two surfaces got, , ., , Ja, n, , ↳ A, , k3④, , th, , concave/ Diverging lens, , dens, , k¥4# ¥ ?, , l, , Lens, , ni, , ,, , ., , ., , a, , a, , A, , →, , He, , ⇐, , convey converging, , are, , Thin at middle, , Thick at middle, ←y, , which both surfaces, , of spheres of Isis, , *at, , Sai BEI, , El ( Just an imagination for, questions easily), , Htt, , solving, , sphere, °, , Centre of Curvature Cc) : A lens has two spherical, forms a part of a sphere The centre of these, of curvature ( 34T Cs 4G ) for Zfs & 2 Fa), ., , surfaces Each surface, ., , spheres, , are, , called centre, , ., , °, , Principal, , Axis, , An, , :, , line passing through, imaginary, straight, lens is called its, Axis, , centres of curvature of, °, °, , Optical, , centre lo), , Aperture, , :, , called its, , °, , Principal, , principal, , a, , the two, , ., , lens is called optical centre, Effective diameter of the circular outline of a spherical lens is, Central, , :, , aperture, , point of, , a, , ., , ., , focus If ) : The, , point, , where the rays, , parallel to principal, , axis after

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⑧, principal focus, , meet is called, focal length If ) : The distance, , refraction, , o, , ., , has two principal foci, focus from optical centre, , A lens, , principal, , of, , ., , ., , °, , Rules :, , case, , of, , convex, , principal, , from, °, , parallel to principal axis after, pass through principal focus in, , Rays which are, refraction will, , ,, , lens and will, , focus in, , case, , becoming, , appear to, , of, , lens, , concave, , Ray passing through or directed to the focus, will emerge parallel to principal axis, , Ray directed, , byconrentens.gg, image, , •, , Fs, , 2, , L, , F-L, , object, , a, , Nature, , s, , s, , a, , s, , object, , at, , →, , At, , →, →, , nature, , z, , →, , →, , object, image, , a, , -, , →, , image, , nature, , F, , ", , r, ;, , l, , -, , z, , Iz, , o, , →, -, , >, , ', , ', , o.ro, , -, , -, , Es, , ', , Fez, , o, , s, , >, , .fr, , Es, , o, , ', , ', , TE, , infinity, Fz, , Real , inverted &, , Beyond, , zf,, , diminished, , →E, , meeeanngmfs.tt, , double, , between Fz and 2fz, real , inverted oldiminished, , zf,, At Zfz, Real gin rested 4, At, , same, , size, , object Between hand 2A, image ? Beyond 2Ez, nature, Realginrerted 4 magnified, , as, , →, , l, , ", , -, , ,, , l, , formation, , Image, , >, , i, , ., , A, , #, , •, , o, , soft, , emerge, , ni, , out, , vndeviated, , centre will, , optical, , to, , F,, , 9, , ., , ., , o, , >, , Ja, n, , #, , gr, a, , RAY DIAGRAMS, , →, , ., , of object, , .

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⑨, Object, , ', , z, , l, , image, , z, , nature, , object, z, , i, , nature, , Image formation by, , Real , inverted 4, , →, , →, -, , infinity, , at, , →, , magnified, , Between dens and Fs, On same side of lens as, virtual , erect and, , ., , object, , magnified, , concave lens 's, , ., , ., , Ja, n, , gr, a, , #, , image, , -, , Atf, , -, , Lens Formula, , is same, sign convention, In convex lens, , f- f- =¥, T f y, , l, , Also, , ,, , ni, , -, , A, , ( with sign), , hi, , |m=hh÷=Y-1, , no, , Ofa, Ability, the dens, of, , lens to, , ., , -, , height, , of, , -, , ore, , image, , of object, , -, , :, , converge, , p=L_, converters, , fogy concave lens, , or, , diverge light rays, , fsfocallengthin, , Flinn), Power, , -, , height, , concave, , ., , #, fpg ⑨ tfk3BdensyTHt applicable if, , -, , # POWER of LENSLP), , -, , and in, , that for mirrors, focal lengths ⑦ ve, as, , SI, →, , ④, , -, , ① re, , re, , ID), , unit, , of, , ", , →, , -, , If, , is called power, , metre, ( called, , →, , ⑦ re, , →, , ore, , Dioptre, , -, , Lmg