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Digestive, System
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Digestion, • Phases Include, 1., , Ingestion, , 2. Movement, 3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion, 4. Absorption, 5. Elimination
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Digestion, • Types, , – Mechanical (physical), • Chew, • Tear, • Grind, • Mash, • Mix, – Chemical, , • Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of, , – Carbohydrates, – Proteins, – Lipids
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Digestive System, Organization, , • Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract, –, –, –, , Tube within a tube, Direct link/path between organs, Structures, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, , 4
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Mouth, , • Teeth mechanically, break down food, into small pieces., Tongue mixes food, with saliva, (contains amylase,, which helps break, down starch)., , • Epiglottis is a flaplike structure at the, back of the throat, that closes over the, trachea preventing, food from entering, it. It is located in, the Pharynx.
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Esophagus, , • Approximately 20 cm long., • Functions include:, 1. Secrete mucus, 2. Moves food from the throat, to the stomach using, muscle movement called, peristalsis, • If acid from the stomach, gets in here that’s, heartburn., Mouth,, Pharynx and Esophagus Video
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Stomach, , • J-shaped muscular bag that stores the, food you eat, breaks it down into tiny, pieces., • Mixes food with Digestive Juices that, contain enzymes to break down, Proteins and Lipids., Lipids, • Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills, Bacteria., • Food found in the stomach is called, Chyme., 7
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Small Intestine, • Small intestines are roughly 7, meters long, • Lining of intestine walls has, finger-like projections called villi,, to increase surface area., • The villi are covered in microvilli, which further increases surface, area for absorption., , Crash Course Review, , 8
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Small Intestine, , • Nutrients from the food pass, into the bloodstream through, the small intestine walls., • Absorbs:, – 80% ingested water, – Vitamins, – Minerals, – Carbohydrates, – Proteins, – Lipids, , • Secretes digestive enzymes, , 9
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Large Intestine, • About 1.5 meters long, • Accepts what small intestines, don’t absorb, • Rectum (short term storage, which holds feces before it is, expelled).
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• Functions, , Large Intestine, , – Bacterial digestion, • Ferment, carbohydrates, Absorbs more water, – Concentrate wastes, –
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Accessory Organs The Glands, • Not part of the, path of food, but, play a critical, • role., Include: Liver,, gall bladder, and, pancreas
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Liver, • Directly affects digestion by, producing bile, – Bile helps digest fat, , • filters out toxins and waste, including drugs and alcohol, and poisons., , 13
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Gall Bladder, • Stores bile from, the liver, releases, it into the small, intestine., • Fatty diets can, cause gallstones
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Pancreas, • Produces digestive, enzymes to digest, fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, • Regulates blood, sugar by producing, insulin, , Web Page Reinforcement Video
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Now it's..., it's..., Now, , QUIZ, TIME!, QUIZ TIME!
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On a sheet of paper, write the, name of each colored organ:, • Green:, • Red:, • Pink:, • Brown:, • Purple:, • Green:, • Yellow:
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How’d you do?, • Green: Esophagus, • Red: Stomach, • Pink: Small Intestine, • Brown: Large, Intestine, • Purple: Liver, • Green: Gall Bladder, • Yellow:, Pancreas, Great, Job!
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References and Links, • Your Digestive System and How It Works, – Digestive system diagram comes from this site, , • The Real Deal on the Digestive System, • Pancreas: Introduction and Index, • Your Gross and Cool Body - Digestive System, • Laurentian Regional High School Data Base, - you must know the Username and Password
