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Chap 12 : Electricity, , www.cbse.online, , CHAPTER 12, Electricity, , ONE MARK QUESTIONS, 1., , electric current in a circuit., (b) How is an ammeter connected in a circuit to, measure current flowing through it?, Ans :, [CBSE 2015], , If the charge on an electron be 1.6 # 10-19 C , find the, approximate number of electrons in 1 C., Ans :, [CBSE 2016], , a. Ammeter is used to measure electric current., b. Ammeter is connected in series in an electric, circuit., , 1.6 # 10-19 C charge is of = 1 electron and, 1, 1 C charge is of =, electron, 1.6 # 10-19, No. of electrons = 6.25 # 1018, 2., , List any two factors on which resistance of a conductor, depends., Ans :, [CBSE 2016], Resistance of a conductor:, a. is directly proportional to its length, ...(1), R ?r, b. is inversely proportional to its area of cross section., ...(2), R ? 1, A, Combining (1) and (2), we get, r, R ?, A, , 3., , 8., , What is the SI unit of electric potential?, Ans :, [Delhi 2016], , Electrons flows from negative terminal to positive, terminal where as current flows from +ve terminal, to - ve terminal in external circuit i.e. Conventional, current and electrons flow are opposite to each other., , Volt is the SI unit of electric potential., 4., , When is potential difference between two points said, to be 1 volt?, Ans :, [Delhi 2016], , 9., , Potential difference betweeen two point is said to be, 1 Volt if the amount of work done in bringing 1 C, charge between them is 1 J., 5., , State Ohm’s law., Ans :, , [Delhi 2016], , If the physical conditions of a conductor remain, same then current through a conductor is directly, proportional to the potential difference b/w the two, ends of the conductor., I ? V & V = IR, 6., , 7., , In an electric circuit, state the relationship between, the direction of conventional current and the direction, of flow of electrons., Ans :, [CBSE 2015], , How does the resistivity of alloys compare with those, of pure metals from which they may have been formed?, Ans :, [All India 2014], The resistivity of pure metals is lesser than resistivity, of alloys with which these alloys are made., , 10. Write SI unit of resistivity., , Ans :, , [CBSE 2014], , Ohm-m, 11., , State a difference between the wire used in the element, of an electric heater and in a fuse wire., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], , Mention one reason why tungsten is used for making, filament of electric lamp., Ans :, [CBSE 2015], , The wire used in element of electric heater has high, resistance and high melting point where as a fuse wire, has a low resistance and low melting point., , Tungsten is used for making filament because of its, high melting point and low resistivity., , 12. Power of a lamp is 60 W. Find the energy in joules, , (a) Name the instrument/device used to measure, , consumed by it in 1 s., Ans :, , [CBSE 2014]

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P = 60 W , t = 1 s, , 19. happens to the resistance of a conductor when the, , Energy = ^VI h t, E = P # t = 60 # 1 J, E = 60 J, 13. Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting of a, , cell of 1.5 V, 10 ohm resistor and 15 ohm resistor and, a plug key all connected in series., Ans :, [CBSE 2011], Schematic diagram is shown below., , length of the conductor is reduced to half?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the, conductor. If length becomes half the resistance also, become half of its initial value., 20. What happens to the resistance of a conductor when, , temperature is increased?, Ans :, , [CBSE 2010], , The resistance of a conductor increases with rise in, temperature., 21. Draw a schematic diagram of an electric circuit, , consisting of a battery of two cells each of 1.5 V, 5 W ,, 10 W and 15 W resistors and a plug key, all connected, in series., Ans :, [CBSE 2000], 14. Why do we use copper and aluminium wire for, , transmission of electric current?, Ans :, , Schematic diagram of electric circuit con¬taining, cells, key and three resistances., , [CBSE 2011], , Copper and aluminium wires are used for electric, transmission due to their low resistivity., 15. Give an example of a metal which is the best conductor, , of heat., Ans :, , [CBSE 2011 ], , Gold, Silver, Copper etc. metals are good conductor, of heat., 16. Define electric circuit. Distinguish between open and, , closed circuit., Ans :, , [CBSE 2010], , Electric circuit is the arrangement in which electric, current can flow when circuit is switched on. In open, circuit there is no flow of current as the switch is off., In closed circuit a current flows in the circuit when, switch is on., 17., , What is the lowest resistance that can be obtained, by combining four coils of resistances 4 W , 8 W , 12 W, and 24 W ?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], If the resistances are combined in parallel then we, shall get the lowest resistance. In parallel combination:, 1 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1, R, R1 R2 R3 R 4, = 1+1+ 1 + 1, 4 8 12 24, = 6 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 12 = 1, 24, 24 2, R = 2W, , 18. Nichrome is used to make the element of electric, , heater. Why?, Ans :, , [CBSE 2010], , Nichrome is used to make element of electric heater, because nichrome is an alloy which has high melting, point and high resistances., , 22. Out of the two, a toaster of 1 kW and an electric, , heater of 2 kW, which has a greater resistance?, Ans :, [CBSE 2006], 2, As R = V . If V is constant. Then R ? 1 i.e. more, P, P, power, lesser be the resistance and vice versa., Toaster has lesser power (1 KW) than electric heater, (2 KW) therefore resistance of toaster is more than, resistances of heater., , 23. Why is tungsten metal selected for making filaments, , of incandescent lamps?, Ans :, , [CBSE 2005], , Tungsten has high resistance and high melting point., 24. A wire of resistance 5 W is bent in the form of a closed, , circle. What is the resistance between two points at, the ends of any diameter of the circle?, Ans :, [CBSE 2005], R = 5W, It can be assumed as two semi circular elements are, connected across diameter AB ., Total resistances of couple wire 5 W . Resistance of two, semicircular elements = 5 W, 2, Both the elements are connected in parallel., 1 = 1 + 1 =2+2= 4, 5 5 5, R1 R2, Rl, or, , Rl = 5 W, 4, , 25. Why is much less, heat generated in long electric

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R = 20 ohm, , cables than in filaments of electric bulbs?, Ans :, [CBSE 2005], , R =rl, A, , 2, , As heat produced = I Rt, Electric cables are made of thick good conductor, where as filaments are made of thin tungsten wire, whose resistances is high. The resistance of electric, cables is very less. So heat produced in cable is much, lesser than filaments., , r = R A = 20 # 2 W cm, 10, l, , or, , r = 4 W - cm, , TWO MARKS QUESTIONS, , 26. State which has a higher resistance a 50 W or a 25 W, , lamp bulb and how many times?, Ans :, We have, , [CBSE 2005], , P1 = 50 W, , P2 = 25 W, Let their resistances are R1 and R2 respectively., , 29. The amount of charge passing through a cell in four, , second is 12 C. Find the current supplied by cell., Ans :, [CBSE 2016], Given:, , Q = 12 C, , 2, 2, P = V or R = V, R, P, 2, , I =, , R1 = 25 = 1, 2, 50, R2, R1 = 1 R2, 2, 1, i.e. 50 W bulbs has resistance than 25 W bulb., 2, or, , 30. Calculate the number of electrons that would flow per, , second through the cross- section of a wire when 1 A, current flows in it., Ans :, [CBSE 2016], Given:, , 27. Define resistivity of a material., , We have, , Q, = 12 A = 3 A, t, 4, , 2, , R1 = V W and R2 = V W, 25, 50, , Ans :, , t =4s, , Q = 1A#1s, , [CBSE 2004], R =rl, A, , Resistivity,, r = RA, l, If, A = 1, l = 1 then r = R i.e. resistivity of a material, is the resistance of a conductor of this material whose, length and area of cross- section both are unity., or, Resistivity of a material is the resistance of a conductor, of this material whose volume is unity., , I = 1 A, t = 1 s, Q, & Q = I#t, I =, t, , But, , (Q = 1 coulomb), , Q = ne, Q, 1C, =, n =, e, 1.6 # 10-19, = 6.25 # 1018 electrons, , 31. Name the device/instrument used to measure potential, , difference. How is it connected in an electric circuit?, Ans :, [CBSE 2016], The device which is used to measure potential, difference is voltmeter. Voltmeter is connected in, parallel in an electric circuit., 32. How much current will an electric bulb of resistance, , 1100 W draw from a 220 V source? If a heater of, resistance 100 W is connected to the same source, instead of the bulb, calculate the current drawn by, the heater., Ans :, [All India 2016], Resistance of bulb, R = 1100 W, V = 220 volt, V = IR or I = V, R, , 28. A cylinder of a material is 10 cm long and has a cross-, , section of 2 cm2. If its resistance along the length be, 20 ohm, what will be its resistivity in number and, units?, Ans :, [CBSE 2004], l = 10 cm, A = 2 cm2, , I = 220 = 1 A, 1100, 5, When heater is connected with the same source then, I = V = 220 = 2.2 A, 100, R, 33. (a) What are the values of mA and mA ?, , (b) Draw the symbols of battery and rheostat., Ans :, [All India 2015]

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1 mA = 1 milli ampere = 10-3 A, 1 mA = 1 micro ampere = 10-6 A, , A — Bulb (load), B — Rheostat, C — Cell, D — Ammeter (being in series), , 34. Give reason for the following:, , a., , Tungsten used almost exclusively for filament of, electric lamp., b. Why do we use copper and aluminium wires for, transmission of electric current?, Ans :, [CBSE 2015], a., , Tungsten is used in making the filament of, electric lamp because it has high resistivity and, high melting point., b. The copper and aluminium have low resistivity, and high conductivity., 35. What is the resistance of an ideal voltmeter?, , Ans :, , [CBSE 2014], , The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is infinite., 36. State the factors on which the heat produced in a, , current carrying conductor depends. Give one practical, application of this effect., Ans :, [Delhi 2014], We know that H = VIt or H = I2 Rt, Heat produced in a current carrying conductor, H ? I2 (Square of the current in the circuit), ? R (Resistance of the conductor), ? t (Time for which current is passed in conductor), This effect applied in electric heater., , 39. A large number of free electrons are present in metals, , yet no current flows in the absence of electric potential, across it. Explain the statement with reason., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], Though there are large number of free electron present, in a conductor, but their motion is random motion, in the absence of potential difference. Their average, velocity is zero. Hence there is no current flowing in, conductor. But when a potential difference is applied, across the ends of the conductor, it sets the electrons, to move in a direction. The motion of charge produces, an electric current in the conductor., 40. Out of the two wires X and Y shown below. Which, , one has greater resistance. Justify your answer., , 37. List in a tabular form two differences between a, , voltmeter and an ammeter., Ans :, Voltmeter, 1., , It is used to, measure P.D. across, two points in an, electric circuit., , Ans :, [CBSE 2014], , If X and Y are of same material, then length of wire X = l, , Ammeter, It is used to, measure electric, current in an, electric circuit., , 2., , Its resistance is very Its resistance is, high., very low., , 3., , An voltmeter, is connected in, parallel in an, electric circuit., , An ammeter is, connected in series, in an electric, circuit., , 38. Given below is a circuit showing current flowing in it., , Identify each component A, B, C, D of this circuit., , [CBSE 2014], , Area of cross-section = A, RX = r l, A, Similarly,, , RY = r 2l, A, RY = 2, RX, , or, RY = 2RX, wire Y has two times resistance than that of wire X ., 41. Elements of electric toasters and electric iron are, , made of an alloy rather than a pure metal. Give two, reasons to justify the statement., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], a., , Alloys have higher resistivity than, constituents pure metals., b. At high temperature alloys do not oxidise., , their, , 42. A thick wire and a thin wire of the same material, , Ans :, Circuit, , [CBSE 2014], , are successively connected to the same circuit to find, their respective resistance. Which one will have lower, resistance? Give reason., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], As resistance ?, , 1, A, , i.e. more area of cross-section lesser

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the resistance and vice versa. So thick wire has lower, resistance., 43. Mention two special features of the material to be, , used as element of an electric iron., Ans :, , [CBSE 2014], , A material to be used as element of an electric iron, must have (i) high melting point, (ii) high resistivity., , ends of the conductor, charges (electrons) will move, in the conductor., Potential difference is applied by a cell to maintain, the charge to move., 48. How would the reading of voltmeter (V) change, if it, , is connected between B and C? Justify your answer., , 44. Find the resistance of bulb rated as 100W-250V., , Ans :, , [CBSE2014], , We have, P = 100 W, V = 250 Volt, 2, , 2, , P = V or R = V, R, P, , ^250h, = 250 # 250 = 625 W, 100, 100, 2, , R =, , Ans :, , 1W, 3W, 2W resistances are connected in series., R = R1 + R2 + R3, = 1+3+2 = 6W, I =V = 3 = 1A, 6, 2, R, , 45. Why do the wires connecting an electric heater to the, , mains not glow while its heating element does?, Ans :, [CBSE 2011], Connecting wire has low resistivity or good, conductivity, i.e. resistance of these wires is negligible, hence no heat is produced while heating element, is of an alloy whose resistivity is high, due to high, resistance heat is produced in the element., , [CBSE 2011], , Current in each resistance is same, i.e. 1 A ., 2, Voltage across B & C = 1 # 3 = 3 Volt., 2, 2, VBC = 3 Volt., 2, , 46. In the circuit diagram shown, the two resistance wires, , A and B are of same area of cross-section and same, material, but A is longer than B. Which ammeter A1, or A2 will indicate higher reading for current? Give, reason., , 49. In the circuit diagram shown, the two resistance wires, , A and B are of same length and same material, but, A is thicker than B. Which ammeter A1 or A2 will, indicate higher reading for current? Give reason., Ans :, , [CBSE 2011], , Length of A is greater than B. Area of cross-section of, A and B is same., Therefore resistance of A 2 resistance of B 6a R ? l @ ., Current in A is lesser than current in B. Hence A2 will, give higher reading., Ans :, , [CBSE 2011], , Length of A and B is same. A is thicker than B., Hence RA < RB ;a R ? 1 E, A, Current in A1 is more than current in A2 i.e., reading, in A1 is higher than reading in A2., , 47. Mention the condition under which charges can move, , in a conductor. Name the device which is used to, maintain this condition in an electric circuit., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], When a potential difference is applied across the two

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50., , Tungsten is used almost exclusively for filaments of, electric bulb. List two reasons., Ans :, [CBSE 2011], (1) high resistivity (2) high melting point and does, not oxidise at very high temperature., , 51. Three V-I graphs are drawn individually for two, , resistors and their series combination. Out of A, B, C, which one represents the graph for series combination, of the other two. Give reason, , a. Tungsten is used in making filament., b. Its high resistivity and high melting point., 54. How are ammeters and voltmeters connected in a, , circuit? What do they help us measure?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], An ammeter which measure the current in a circuit, is connected in series. Voltmeter is used to measure, potential difference across a conductor so it is, connected in parallel to it., 55. The following table gives the resistivity of three, , samples:, Sample, , A, , B, -5, , C, -5, , Resistivity 1.6 # 10 Wm 5.2 # 10 Wm 100 # 10-4 Wm, Which of them is suitable for heating elements of, electrical appliances and why?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], Ans :, More slope of V-I graph means more resistance, slope, of C is maximum. Hence its resistance is maximum., So it is for series combination of two resistors., , The resistivity of C sample is maximum so it is, suitable for making heating element., 56. a., , Give reason why tungsten is used for making, filament of electric lamps., b. The elements of heating electrical appliances are, made-up of an alloy rather than pure metal., Ans :, [CBSE 2010], a., , Due to (1) high resistivity and high melting point, tungsten is used for making filaments of electric, lamp., b. high resistivity, and high melting point than their, constituents pure metals which do not oxidise at, high temperature., 52. State the factors on which the resistance of a cylindrical, , conductor depends. How will resistance of a conductor, change if it is stretched so that its length is doubled?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], Resistance of cylindrical conductor depends upon its, length and cross- sectional area., When conductor is stretched its radius decreases but, the volume of the conductor in both the cases will be, same. If length is stretched to twice., , 57. B1, B2 and B3 are three identical bulbs connected as, , shown in the figure. When all the three bulbs glow, a, current of 3 A is recorded by the ammeter A., a. What happens to the glow of the other two bulbs, when the bulb B1 gets fused?, b. What happens to the reading of A1 A2, A3 and A, when the bulb B1 gets fused?, , l2 = 2l1, As, , Now,, and, , l1 A1 = l2 A2, l1 A1 = 2l1 A2, A1 = 2, A2, R1 = r l1, A1, R2 = r l2 = r 2l1, A2, A2, R2 = 2 A1 = 2 2 = 4, #A, #, R1, 2, R2 = 4R1, , 53. (a) What material is used in making the filament of, , an electric bulb?, (b) Name the characteristics which make it suitable, for this., Ans :, [CBSE 2010], , Ans :, a., , [CBSE2010], , The other two bulbs will glow even if B1 gets, fused. There is no change in glow of B2 and B3., Here V = 4.5 V, and, , I = 3A, R P = V = 4. 5, 3, I, , RP = 1.5 W, For parallel combination

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I =, , 1 = 1+1+1, 1.5, R R R, , Q = 0.2A # 1 hr = 0.2 # 60 # 60 A - s, , 1 = 3 & R = 4.5 W, 1.5, R, 4.5 = I # 4.5, , For B 2 ,, , 1A = I, For B 3 ,, Current in Ammeter,, , Q, or Q = I # t, t, , 1 = 1 + 1 + 1, RP, R1 R2 R3, , 4.5 = I # 4.5 1A = I, ^Ah = 1A + 1A = 2A, , = 720 C, 61. An electric iron draws a current of 0.5 A when the, , voltage is 200 volt. Calculate the amount of electric, charge flowing through it in one hour., Ans :, [CBSE 2004], We have, , I = 0. 5 A, V = 200 volt, t = 1 hr = 3600 s, Q = I # t = 0.5 # 3600 A - s = 1800 C, , 62. An electric appliance draws a current of 0.4 A when, , the voltage is 200 volt. Calculate the amount of charge, flowing through it in one hour., Ans :, [CBSE 2004], Q = It, 58. (a) Draw a circuit diagram to show how two resistors, , are connected in series., (b) In a circuit, if the two resistors of 5 ohm and 10, ohm are connected in series, how does the current, passing through the two resistors compare?, Ans :, [C8SE 2006), , Given,, , I = 0.4 A, V = 200 Volt, t = 1 hr = 3600 s, , `, , Q = 0.4 # 3600 C, Q = 1440 C, , THREE MARKS QUESTIONS, a., 63. Show how would you join three resistors, each of, , b. In series combination of resistances, the current, remains same., 59. A bulb is rated at 5.0 V, 100 mA. Calculate its (a), , power and (b) resistance., Ans :, Rating of bulb,, , [CBSE 2006], , V = 5.0 Volt., , I = 100 mA, I = 100 # 10-3 A, , resistance 9 W so that the equivalent resistance of the, combination is (i) 13.5 W (ii) 6 W ?, Ans :, [CBSE 2017], or, (a) Write Joule’s law of heating., (b) Two bulbs, one rated 100 W; 220 V, and the other, 60 W; 220 V are connected in parallel to electric, mains supply. Find the current drawn by two, bulbs from the line if the supply voltage is 220 V., Ans :, [CBSE 2017], , I = 0.1 A, a., , Power of bulb = V # I, P = 5.0 # 0.1 W = 0.5W, V = IR ,, R = V = 5.0 W = 50 W, 0.1, I, , b., , i., Resistor R2 and R3 are in parallel combination., 1 =1+1 =2W, `, 9 9, 9, Rp, or, , 60. An electric bulb draws a current of 0.2 A when the, , voltage is 220 volts. Calculate the amount of charge, flowing through it in one hour., Ans :, [CBSE 2004], Given:, , I = 0.2 A, V = 220 Volt, t = 1 hr., Q =?, , Rp = 9 W, 2, , Now R1 and R p are in series., Req = R1 + R p = 9 + 9 = 27 W, 2, 2, Req = 13.5 W, ii. To get 6 W resistance R1 and R2 are in Series, , `, , `, , Rs = 9 + 9 = 18 W

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Rs and R3 are in parallel so,, 1 = 1 + 1, Req., Rs R3, , resistance of A is more and its length also., , 1 = 1 +1 = 1+2 = 3, 18 9, 18, 18, Req., and, , Req. = 6 W, , 66. What is meant by “electrical resistance” of a, , a., , or, Joules Law of Heating : When a current I is, passed through a resistor R for time t then heat, produced, H ? I2, ?R, ?t, H ? I2 Rt, , or, H = I2 Rt, b. Given two bulbs of 100 W–200 V and 60W–220 V., Current in 1st bulb:, I1 = P1 = 100 A = 5 = 0.45 A, 220, 11, V, Current in second bulb., I2 = P2 = 60 A = 3 A = 0.27 A, 220, 11, V, 64. (a) List the factors on which the resistance of a, , conductor in the shape of a wire depends., (b) Why are metals good conductors of electricity, whereas glass is a bad conductor of electricity?, Give reason., (c) Why are alloys commonly used in electrical, heating devices? Give reason., Ans :, [CBSE 2017], a. Factors on which resistance of a wire depends:, i. Resistance is directly proportional to length., ii. Resistance is inversely proportional to area of, cross-section., R ? l, R ? 1, A, R ? l or R = r l, A, A, b. Metal are good conductor due to having large, number of free electrons and their low resistivity., Glass is a bad conductor because it has no free, electrons and its resistivity is higher., c. Alloys are commonly used in electrical heating, devices due to their high resistivity and high, melting point which produces more heat., 65. V-I graphs for two wires A and B are shown in the, , figure. If both the wires are made of the same material, and are of equal thickness, which of the two is of more, length? Give justification for your answer., Ans :, [CBSE 2016], We know for identical wire more length more resistance, and vice versa slope of wire A is more than B. Hence, , conductor? State how resistance of a conductor is, affected when, a. a low current passes through it for a short, duration;, b. a heavy current passes through it for about 30, seconds., Ans :, [CBSE 2016], Electrical resistance is the property of a conductor by, virtue of which it opposes the flow of current through, it. It is equal to the ratio of the potential difference, applied across its ends to the current flowing through, it., R =V, I, a. When a low current is passed for a short duration,, through a conductor, heat produced is almost, negligible and hence no appreciable change in its, resistance., b. When heavy current is passed through the, conductor for 30 s. Conductor may be get heated, and its resistance and resistivity change., 67. Name and define the SI unit of current. Calculate the, , number of electrons that flow through a conductor in, 1 second to constitute a current of 1 ampere. (Charge, on an electron = 1.6 # 10-19 coulomb), Ans :, [CBSE 2016], SI unit of current is Ampere (A), q, I =, t, If q = 1 C, t = 1 s, then, I = 1A, If 1 C charge flows in 1 s in a conductor then magnitude, of current is said to be 1A., q = ne, q, n = = I#t, e, e, = 1A # 1-s19 = 100 # 1018, 16, 1.6 # 10, = 6.25 # 1018, 68. Electric current flows through three lamps when, , arranged in (a) a series (b) a parallel. If the filament, of one lamp breaks. Explain what happens to the, other two lamps in both the cases., Ans :, [CBSE 2015], a., , In series combination if the filament of one lamp, breaks then the circuit will be broken and hence, other lamps stops glowing.

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work is done., Ans :, Given:, , [All India 2015], , V = 20 Volt, W = 40 J, W = P#t, = V#I#t, Q, = V# #t, t, , b. In parallel combination of lamps if the element of, one lamp breaks then other two will continue to, glow., , or, , W = V#Q, 40 = 20 # Q, Q = 2C, , or, , ne = Q, Q, 2, =, n =, e, 1.6 # 10-19, = 1.25 # 1019, 71., , 69. Study the V-I graph for a resistor as shown in the, , figure and prepare a table showing the values of I (in, amperes) corresponding to four different values of V, (in volts). Find the value of current for V = 10 volts., How can we determine the resistance of the resistor, from this graph?, , Name and define SI unit of resistance. Calculate the, resistance of a resistor if the current flowing through, it is 200 mA, when the applied potential difference is, 0.8 V., Ans :, [Delhi 2014], SI unit of resistance is ohm ^Wh, 1W = 1V, 1A, b. The resistance of a conductor is said to be 1 ohm, if a current of one amp flows through it when a, potential differences of 1 volt is applied across it., 0.8, c. R = V =, =4W, I, 200 # 10-3, a., , 72. (a) Explain why a conductor offers resistance to the, , flow of current., (b) Differentiate between conductor, resistor and, resistance., Ans :, [CBSE2014], Ans :, , [CBSE 2015], , When V = 10 volt from the graph, R = TV = 8 - 6 W = 2 W, 4-3, TI, , a., , When a current is passed through a conductor,, the atoms or molecule of the conductor produce, an hindrance in the path of flow of electron. This, hindrance in the path of flow of charge is called, resistance of the conductor., b. A substance which allow to pass the charges, through them easily is called a conductor., Resistor : A conductor having some value of, resistance is called a resistor., Resistance : It is the property of any conductor, by virtue of which it opposes the flow of charge, through it., 73. A piece of wire of resistance 6 W is connected to battery, , when, , V = 10 volt, , then, , V = IR, I = V = 10 A = 5A, 2, R, , or, , 70. Find the number of electrons transferred between two, , points kept at a potential difference of 20 V if 40 J of, , of 12 V. Find the amount of current flowing through, it. Now, the same wire is redrawn by stretching it, to double its length. Find the resistance of the new, (redrawn) wire., Ans :, [CBSE2014], Given:, , R = 6W, V = 12 Volt, I =?

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I = V = 12 A & I = 2A, 6, R, When length becomes twice = 2 L, area of cross-section = A2, then, , R2 = 7.5 W, 76. Find the equivalent resistance of the following circuit:, , L1 A1 = L2 A2, LA1 = 2LA2, A2 = 1, 2, A1, , or, or, , R1 = r L, A1, R2 = r 2L & R2 = 2 # A1, R1, A2, A2, R2 = 2 2 = 4, #, R1, , Ans :, In the given circuit 2 W, 2 W resistances are in parallel., Rp = 1 W, , R2 = 4R1, New resistance becomes four times., 74. A wire of length l and resistance R is stretched so, , that the length is doubled and area of cross-section is, halved. How will its:, a. Resistance change?, b. Resistivity change?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010, 2014], a., , Let initial length, area of cross-section and, resistance of wire are l , A and R respectively., When length is stretched two times, let its area, of cross-section becomes Al. Its initial volume of, wire = final volume of the wire., , 1W, 1W resistances also are in parallel., Rl, = 0. 5 W, p, The circuit can be reduced as,, , Al = Al2l, Al = 1 or Al = A, 2, 2, A, , or, , ^2l h, = r 2l # 2, A, Al, = 4r l, A, , Rl = r, , =4R, b. Resistivity does not change because it is property, of the material of a conductor., 75. A nichrome wire has a resistance of 10 W Find the, , resistance of another nichrome wire, whose length is, three times and area of cross-section four times the, first wire., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], , Now all resistances are in series combination., R = 3 + 3 + 1 + 0.5 = 7.5 W, 77., , A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220 V, line has two resistors A and B each of 22 W resistance., These resistors may be used separately, in series or, in parallel. Find the current flowing in all the three, cases., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], Given,, , We have R = 10 W, l1 = l, , V = 220 Volt, RA = 22 W, , RB = 22 W, Current in resistances separately?, = 220 A = 10 A, 22, b. Current in series combination, , a., , A1 = A, R = r l = 10 W, A, l = 10, r, A, For new wire,, , or, , L2 = 3l, A2 = 4A, , c., , R2 = r 3l = 3 r l, 4 A, 4A, R2 = 3 R = 3 # 10 = 15 W, 2, 4, 4, , &, , RS = 22 + 22 = 44 W, IS = 220 = 5 A, 44, Current in parallel combination, 1 = 1 + 1 = 2 W, 22 22, 22, RP, RP = 11 W

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IP = 220 = 20 A, 11, , so first bulb will consume more energy., 81. Draw the nature of V–I graph for a nichrome wire. (V, , 78. An electric kettle of 2 kW works for 2 h daily. Calculate, , the (a) energy consumed in SI and commercial units, (b) cost of running it in the month of June at the rate, of ` 3.00 per unit., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], (a) Given: P = 2 kW = 2000 W, t = 2h, , -Potential difference, I -Current), A metallic wire of 625 mm length offers a 4 W, resistance. If the resistivity of the metal is 4.8 # 10-7, ohm-metre, then calculate the area of cross-section of, the wire., Ans :, [CBSE 2013], V–I graph for nichrome wire, , Electric energy, E = P # t = 2 # 2 = 4 kWh, (b) Total energy consumed in month of June (having, 30 days), Electric kettle = ^4 # 30h kWh = 120 kWh, = 120 units., Cost of running electric kettle:, = `120 # 3 = `360, 79. Two lamps, one is rated 100 W at 220 V, and the, , other 60 W at 220 V, are connected in parallel to a, 220 V supply. Find the current drawn from the supply, line., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], Given: Lamp one 100 W, 220 V, Lamp 2 60 W, 220 V., Let their resistances are R1 and R2, 2, , R =V, P, , R1 = 220 # 220 W = 484 W, 100, = 220 # 220 W = 2420 W, 60, 3, In circuit R1 and R2 are connected in parallel., 1 = 1 + 3, 484 2420, R, R = 605 W, 2, , Given:, , l = 625 mm = 0.625 m, R =4W, r = 4.8 # 10-7 Ohm-m, A =?, R = r l or A = r l, R, A, A = 4.8 # 10-7 # 0.625, 4, = 0.75 # 10-7 m2, , 82. Derive the relation R = R1 + R2 + R3 when three, , resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in series in an, electric circuit., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], Three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in series., Therefore current in each resistor is same. Let current, in the circuit is I., , I = V = 220 # 2 A = 0.727 A, 605, R, 80. Two bulbs A and B are rated as 90W–120V and, , 60W–120V respectively. They are connected in parallel, across a 120V source. Find the current in each bulb., Which bulb will consume more energy?, Ans :, [CBSE 2014], First Bulb: 90 W–120 V, 2, , R1 = V = 120 # 120 = 160 W, 90, P1, I1 = V = 120 = 0.75 A, 160, R1, Second Bulb: 60W–120V, 2, , R2 = V = 120 # 120, 60, P2, R2 = 240 W, I2 = V = 120, 240, R2, I2 = 0.5A, Power of first bulb has more power than second bulb,, , Applied total potential = Sum of the potentials across, each resistor, V = V1 + V2 + V3, IReq = IR1 + IR2 + IR3, Req = R1 + R2 + R3, 83. (a) Nichrome wire of length L and radius R has, , resistance of 10 Q. How would the resistance of, the wire change when:, (i) Only length of the wire is doubled?, (ii) Only diameter of the wire is doubled? Justify, your answer., (b) Why element of electrical heating devices are, made-up of alloys?, Ans :, [CBSE 2012]

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a. R = 10 W of length L, and area of cross-section A., i. When only length is doubled Rl = 20 W, ii. When only diameter is doubled., R ? 1 ? 12, A, D, 1, Rll ?, ^2D h2, Rll ? 1 2, 4D, Rll = R, 4, Rll = 10 = 2.5 W, 4, b. Alloys have high resistivity more than their, constituent pure metals and do not oxide at high, temperature easily., 84. Resistivity, , of two elements A and B are, = 1.62 # 10 Wm and 520 # 10-8 Wm respectively., Out of these two, name the element that can be used, to make:, a. filament of electric bulb., b. wires for electrical transmission lines. Justify your, answer in each case., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], -8, , r A = 1.62 # 10-8 Wm, , Given:, , r B = 520 # 10-8 Wm, a. For filament of electric bulb resistivity must be, higher i.e. 520 # 10-8 Wm . So element B is used, for filament., b. For electric transmission resistivity must be lower, which is of element A., , b. We know that R = r l, A, r ?A, Thicker the wire, more the resistivity. The, resistivity of manganin is more than copper. So, manganin wire is thicker than copper., 87. Two conducting wires of same material, equal length, , and equal diameter are connected in series. How does, the heat produced by the combination of resistance, change?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], Let the resistances of two wires are R each., Heat produced by individual resistor, 2, , Hl = V t, R, Resistance is series,, RS = R + R = 2R, Heat produced by combination of resistors, 2, Hl = V t, 2R, , Hl = 1, 2, H, Hl = H, 2, 88. Study the following circuit and answer the following, , questions:, , 85. State Ohm’s law. Calculate the resistance of a, , conductor, if the current flowing through it is 0.2 A, when the applied potential difference is 0.8 V., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], If the physical conditions of a conductor are kept same, then current is directly proportional to the potential, difference across the ends of the conductor V ? I ., V = RI, I = 0.2 A, V = 0.8 Volt., R =?, R = V = 0.8 W, 0.2, I, R =4W, 86. (a) Why are copper or aluminium wires generally, , used for electrical transmission and distribution, purposes?, (b) Two wires, one of copper and other of manganin,, have equal lengths and equal resistances. Which, wire is thicker? Given that resistivity of copper is, lower than that of manganin., Ans :, [CBSE 2011], a., , Copper or aluminium wires are used for, transmission and distribution of electricity due to, their low resistivity and high conductivity., , a., , State the type of combination of the two resistors, in the circuit., b. How much current would flow through: (1) 10 W, resistor and (2) 15 W resistor?, c. What would be the ammeter reading?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], a. 10 W and 15 W are in parallel combination., b. Potential difference across each is 3V., I in 10 W resistor = 3 = 0.3 A, 10, I in 15 W resistor = 3 = 0.2 A, 15, I = 0.3 + 0.2 = 0.5 A, 89. Define electric current and state its SI unit. With, , the help of Ohm’s law explain the meaning of 1 Ohm, resistance., Ans :, [CBSE 2010], Electric current may be defined as the rate of flow of, charge through a circuit. Its SI unit is Ampere., According to Ohm’s law V = IR, R =V, I, If, V = 1 Volt, I = 1 A then R = 1 ohm., A conductor has a resistance of 1 Ohm if a current of

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P = 100 W, 4, , one amp flows through it when a potential difference, of 1 volt is applied across it., , P = 25 W, , 90. (a) What is the total resistance of n resistors each of, , resistance ‘R’ connected in: (i) series? (ii) parallel?, (b) Calculate the resultant resistance of 3 resistors, 3 W, 4 W and 12 W connected in parallel., Ans :, [CBSE 2010], a., , In series combination, RS = R1 + R2 + ....Rn, RS = R + R.....n times, , RS = nR, In parallel combination:, 1 = 1 + 1 + ..... 1, RP, R1 R2, Rn, = 1 + 1 + 1 + ..... + n times, R R R, = 1 + 1 + .....n times, R, 1 =n, RP, R, , or, , b. Given:, , RP = R, n, , 92. (a) How is the direction of electric current related to, , the direction of flow of electrons in a wire?, (b) Calculate the current in a circuit, if 500 C of, charge passes through it in 10 minutes., Ans :, [CBSE 2009], a., , The direction of flow of electrons is opposite to, the direction of conventional current., b. Q = 500 C , t = 10 mts = 10 # 60 = 600 s, Q, = 500 A, I =, t, 600, I = 0.83 A, 93. (a) Define the term ‘volt’., , (b) State the relation between work, charge and, potential difference for an electric circuit., Calculate the potential difference between the, two terminals of a battery, if 100 joules of work, is required to transfer 20 coulombs of charge from, one terminal of the battery to the other., Ans :, [CBSE 2009], a., , R1 = 3 W, R2 = 4 W, R3 = 12 W, 1 = 1 + 1 + 1, R, R1 R2 R3, =1+1+ 1, 3 4 12, , Potential difference b/w two points in an electric, field is said to be 1 volt if the amount of work, done in bringing a unit positive charge from one, point to another point is 1 J., b. Given: W = 100 J , Q = 20 C , V = ?, As, V = W & V = 100 JC-1, 20, Q, V = 5 JC-1, , = 4+3+1 = 8 = 2, 12, 12 3, R = 3 W = 1.5 W, 2, 91. (a) State Ohm’s law. Express it mathematically., , (b) Write symbols used in electric circuits to represent:, (i) variable resistance., (ii) voltmeter., (c) An electric bulb is rated 220 V and 100 W. When, it is operated on 110 V, what will be the power, consumed?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], a., , Ohm’s Law states that if the physical conditions of, a conductor are kept constant then current passing, through a conductor is directly proportional to, the potential difference across its ends., , V = 5 Volt., 94. State the formula co-relating the electric current, , flowing in a conductor and the voltage applied across, it. Also, show this relationship by drawing a graph., What would be the resistance of a conductor, if, the current flowing through it is 0.35 ampere when the, potential difference across it is 1.4 volt?, Ans :, [CBSE 2004], V = IR, i.e.,, V ?I, If we plot a graph b/w V and I , it is straight line., Graph b/w V and I :, , V ? I or V = RI, b., c., , A variable resistor, Given rating of bulb 220 V – 100 W, R=?, Power consumed = ? when V = 110 Volt, 2, R = V = 220 # 220 = 484 W, 100, P, Power at 110 volt, 2, , P = V = 110 # 110, 484, R, , Given:, , I = 0.35 A, V = 1.4 Volt., R = V = 1.4 Ohm, 0.35, I, R =4W

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FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS, 95. The value of current (I) flowing through a given, , resistor of resistance (R), for the corresponding values, of potential difference (V) across the resistor are as, given below :, V, , 0.5, , 1.0, , 1.5, , 2.0, , 2.5, , 3.0, , 4.0, , 5.0, , I, , 0.1, , 0.2, , 0.3, , 0.4, , 0.5, , 0.6, , 0.7, , 0.8, , Plot a graph between current (I) and potential, difference (V) and determine the resistance (R) of the, resistor., Ans :, [CBSE 2018], , The work done in bringing a charge Q from one, end to another of the conductor, W = QV, Q, =I, t, , But, , Q = It, b. 40 W–240 V, , W VIt, 25 W–240 V, 2, , R2 = V 2, P2, , 2, , R2 = 240 # 240 W, 25, , P1 = V 1, R1, R1 = V 1, P1, , 2, , R1 = 240 # 240 W, 40, R1 = 25 or R1 = 5, 40, R2, R2 8, R1 < R2 i.e., Resistance of 25 W bulb is more than 40, W bulb., 96. Draw a labelled circuit diagram showing three resistors, , R1, R2 and R3 connected in series with a battery, (E), a rheostat (Rh), a plug key (K) and an ammeter, (A) using standard circuit symbols. Use this circuit to, show that the same current flows through every part, of the circuit. List two precautions you would observe, while performing the experiment., Ans :, [CBSE 2016], By changing the position of ammeter, measure the, current in it. Every time the magnitude of current is, found same i.e., in series combination the current in, every part of the circuit, remains same., , 98. a., , What is meant by saying that the potential, difference between two points is 1 volt?, b. Why does the connecting cord of an electrical, heater not glow while the heating element does?, c. Electrical resistivity of some substance at 20°C, are given below:, Silver, , 1.60 # 10-8 Wm, , Copper, , 1.62 # 10-8 Wm, , Tungsten, , 5.2 # 10-8 Wm, , Iron, , 10.0 # 10-8 Wm, , Mercury, , 94.0 # 10-8 Wm, , Nichrome, , 100 # 10-6 Wm, , Answer the following questions in relation to them:, i. Among silver and copper which one is better, conductor? Why?, ii. Which material would you advise to use in, electrical heating device? Why?, Ans :, [CBSE 2016], Precaution:, a. Connect the ammeter in series with battery., b. All connection must be tight., c. Current must not be greater than the, range of ammeter., 97. (a) Derive the formula for the calculation of work, , done when current flows through a resistor., (b) One electric bulb is rated 40 W and 240 V and, other 25 W and 240 V. Which bulb has higher, resistance and how many times?, Ans :, [CBSE 2016], a., , Let R is the resistance of the resistor in which I, current is passed for a time t by applying a p.d. (, V ) across the resistor., , a., , If the amount of work done in bringing a unit, positive charge from one point to another is 1 J in, an electric field then potential difference b/w the, two points is said to be 1 volt., 1V = 1J, 1C, b. Connected cord of an electrical heater does not, glow because this is of copper metal, which has, low resistivity and good conductivity. Heating, element glows due to its high resistivity or poor, conductivity., c. (i) The resistivity of silver is lesser than copper so, it is a good conductor., (ii) The resistivity of nichrome is maximum in the, given table so nichrome will be advised to use

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in electrical heating device., 99. (a) Name an instrument that measures electric, , current in a circuit. Define unit of electric current., (b) What are the following symbols mean in an, electric circuit?, (i), , of charge and work. Draw the circuit symbols for, (i) variable resistor, (ii) a plug key which is closed, one., (b) Two electric circuits I and II are shown below “, , (ii), , (c) Draw a closed circuit diagram consisting of 0.5 m, long nichrome wire XY, an , ammeter, a voltmeter,, four cells of 1.5 V and a plug key., Ans :, [CBSE 2015], a., , Ammeter., If IC charge flows in an electric circuit is 1 s then, the current is said to be 1 A., b. (i) Rheostat (ii) Closed key, , c., , (i) Which of the two circuits has more resistance?, (ii) Through which circuit more current passes?, (iii) In which circuit, the potential difference, across each resistor is equal?, (iv) If R1 > R2 > R3 in which circuit more heat, will be produced in R1 as compared to other, two resistors?, Ans :, [CBSE 2014], a., , 100. What is meant by resistance of a conductor? Name, , and define its SI unit. List the factors on which, the resistance of a conductor depends. How is the, resistance of a wire affected if:, a. its length is doubled,, b. its radius is doubled?, Ans :, [CBSE 2015], Property of any conductor by virtue of which it, opposes the flow of current in the conductor is called, its resistance., SI unit of resistance is Ohm. If by applying a potential, difference of 1 volt the current in the conductor is 1 A., Then the resistance of the conductor is said to be 1 ohm., Factor affecting resistances:, a. If length is double then resistance also becomes, doubled., b. If radius is doubled then area A = p ^2r h2 becomes, 4 times, then the resistance becomes 1/4., 101. What do you mean by heating effect of electric current?, , Explain the production of heat in a resistor by flow of, electric current through it. Name two devices based on, heating effect of current., Ans :, [All India 2015], When current is passed through a conductor, heat, is produced. Production of heat in a conductor on, passing the current is called heating effect of current., When a current is passed in a conductor by applying, a potential difference, electrons get accelerated and, collide with the atoms of the conductor. During the, collision there is a loss of kinetic energy. This loss, in K.E. appears in the form of heat energy in the, conductor 1. Electric heater, 2. Bulb., 102. (a) Name an instrument that measures potential, , difference between two points in a circuit. Define, the unit of potential difference in terms of SI unit, , Voltmeter, The amount of work done in bringing a unit, positive charge from one point to another in an, electric field is said to be potential difference, V =W, Q, (i), (ii), , Variable resistance, Closed key., , b. (i) In series combination resistance is more than, parallel combination., (ii) Lesser the resistance more the current in, circuit i.e., in parallel (II) current is max., (iii) In parallel combination (II), (iv) More heat in (I) across R1., 103. When a high resistance voltmeter is connected directly, , across an electric bulb, its reading is 2 V. An electric, cell is sending the current of 0.4 ampere (measured by, an ammeter) in the electric circuit., a. Draw the circuit., b. Find the resistance of the electric bulb,, c. State the law that is applied for making these, calculation. If a graph is plotted between V and I,, show the nature of the graph obtained., Ans :, [Delhi 2014], , a., , b. V = 2 Volt, I = 0.4 A, R = V = 2 ohm or R = 5 ohm, 0. 4, I, c., , Ohm’s law: If the physical conditions of a conductor, is kept constant then current in the circuit is, directly proportional to the potential difference

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applied across the ends of the conductor., , Ans :, a., Since V ? I, Hence graph between V and I is a straight line, for a conductor. Which passes through the origin, O of the graph., 104. Draw a schematic diagram of an electric circuit (in the, , Potential difference b/w the two terminals of a, cell is produced due to chemical reaction in the, cell. This potential difference maintains a current, in the circuit., b. (i) The resistance b/w XZY and XTY are in, parallel combination. Their equivalent resistance., 1 =1+1, 2 6, Rxy, Rxy = 3 = 1.5 W, 2, , “on” position) consisting of a battery of five cells of 2, V each, a 5 W resistor, a 8 W resistor, a 12 W resistor, and a plug key, all connected in series. An ammeter, is put in the circuit to measure the electric current, through the resistors and a voltmeter is connected so, as to measure the potential difference across the 12, W resistor., Calculate the reading shown by the: (a) ammeter (b), voltmeter in the below electric circuit., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], , (ii) Net resistance of the circuit, Hence,, , I = 2. 0 A, (iii) P.D. across X, Y points, V = IRxy = 2 # 1.5 = 3.0 V, I in 2 W resistor = 3.0 = 1.5 A, 2, , Resistors of 5 W , 8 W , 12 W all the connected in series., Hence,, , I in 6 W resistor = 3.0 = 0.5 A, 6, , RS = R1 + R2 + R3, , = ^5 + 8 + 12h W, , RS = 25 W, As, , a., , V = IR, I = V = 10 A, 25, R, I = 0.4 A, Ammeter reading is 0.4 A., , R = 1.5 + 1.5 = 3.0 W, I =V = 6, 3, R, , 106. (a) State the commercial unit of electric energy and, , find its relation with its SI unit., (b) The current through a resistor is made three, times its initial value. Calculate how it will affect, the heat produced in the resistor., (c) Find the increase in the amount of heat generated, in a conductor if another conductor of double, resistance is connected in the circuit keeping all, other factors unchanged., Ans :, [CBSE 2014], a., , Commercial unit of electric energy = kWh, , 1 kWh = 3.6 # 106 J, b. Initial heat generated in the, resistor = I2 Rt, , b. V = IR, Potential drop across 12 W resistance, V = 0.4 # 12 = 4.8 Volt., 105. (a) Explain how does a cell maintain current in a, , circuit., (b) In the circuit given below the resistance of the, path xTy = 2 W and that of xZy = 6 W, (i) Find the equivalent resistance between x and, y., (ii) Find the current in the main circuit., (iii) Calculate the current that flows through the, path xTy and xZy., , ...(1), H1 = I2 Rt, when current is made three times i.e. 3I now heat, generated, H2 = ^3I h2 Rt, , ...(2), , 2, , H2 = 9I Rt, In later case, heat generated is 9 times the initial heat, generated., c. If another conductor of 2R is connected in series, then total resistance = R + 2R = 3R ., Now heat generated H = I2 ^3Rh t, H = 3I2 Rt, In this case, heat generated is three times., 107. (a) Derive an expression to find the equivalent, , resistance of three resistors connected in series.

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Also, draw the schematic diagram of the circuit., (b) Find the equivalent resistance of the following, circuit:, , c., Ans :, , [CBSE 2013], , (i) Symbol is of variable resistor and it is used to, regulate the current., (ii) Plug key is closed. When plug key is closed, current flows through the circuit., , 109. Define resistance of a conductor. State the factors on, , a., , which resistance of a conductor depends. Name the, device which is often used to change the resistance, without changing the voltage source in an electric, circuit., , If the equivalent resistance is RS, , Calculate the resistance of 50 m length of wire of, cross-sectional area 0.01 square mm and of resistivity, 5 # 10-8 Wm ., Ans :, [CASE 20131, , then,, , V = IRS, , But,, , V = V1 + V2 + V3, RS = R1 + R2 + R3, , Resistance is the opposition offered in the path of flow, of current by the atoms or molecules of a conductor., Factors affecting resistances:, a. length R ? l, b. area of cross-section R ? 1, A, c. nature of material., Rheostat is used to change the current in the, circuit without changing the voltage source., , b., , Given:, , l = 50 m, A = 0.01 mm2 = 0.01 # 10-6 m2, , 1 = 1 + 1 + 1, Rp, R1 R2 R3, = 1 + 1 + 1 = 5+3+2, 6 10 15, 30, , As, , = 10, 30, , r = 5 # 10-8 Wm, 50, R = r l = 5 # 10-8 #, A, 0.01 # 10-6, R = 250 W, , 110. (a) Calculate the resistance of the wire using graph., , Rp = 3 W, 108. (a) Name and state the law that gives relationship, , between the current through a conductor and the, potential difference across its two terminals. Also,, express this law mathematically., (b) Draw the V-I graph for this law. Justify your, answer., (c) Write the name and use of the circuit components, whose symbols are given below., (i), Ans :, a., , (ii), [CBSE 2013], , The law is Ohm’s law., If the physical conditions of a conductor is kept, constant then current through it is directly, proportional to the potential difference applied, across it., , V ? I or V = RI, b. Since V ? I so a graph b/w V and I is a straight, line., , (b) How many 176 W resistors in parallel are required, to carry 5 A on a 220 V line?, (c) Define electric power, Derive relation between, power, potential difference and resistance., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], a., , R = TV = 2 - 0 W, 0.1 - 0, TI, R = 20 W

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1 = 1 + 1 + 1, R, R1 R2 R3, b. To prevent oxidising the filament due to high, temperature., c. The current in the fuse wire must not exceed 5 A, otherwise it will melt., 112. (a) In the circuit shown connect a nichrome wire of, , b. Resistance of the circuit to carry a current of 5A, on 220V., R = 220 = 44 W, 5, Let n resistors of 176 W are connected whose, equivalent resistance is 44 W ., 176 = 44 or n = 176, n, 44, a., , n =4, The rate of electrical energy is consumed in a, circuit is called electric power, , length “L” between points X and Y and note the, ammeter reading., (i) When this experiment is repeated by inserting, another nichrome wire of the same thickness, but twice the length (2L), what changes are, observed in the ammeter reading?, (ii) State the changes that are observed in the, ammeter reading if we double the area of, cross-section without changing the length in, the above experiment. Justify your answer in, both the cases., (b) “Potential difference between points A and B in, an electric field is 1V”. Explain the statement., , 2, P = W = I Rt, t, t, , P = I2 R But I = V, R, 2, , 2, , P = V 2 R or P = V, R, R, , 111. (a) Three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in, , parallel and the combination is connected to, battery, ammeter, voltmeter and key. Draw, suitable circuit diagram. Obtain an expression, for the effective resistance of the combination of, resistors in parallel., (b) Why are electric bulbs filled with chemically, inactive nitrogen or argon?, (c) What is meant by the statement that the rating of, a fuse in a circuit is 5 A?, Ans :, [CBSE 2012], a., , Let equivalent (effective) resistance is R, then, I =V, R, , Similarly,, , or, , [CBSE 2012], , a., , (i) The resistance of two times long wire also, becomes two times so current decreases in the, circuit., (ii) If area of the nichrome wire is doubled then, its resistance decreases and hence current, increases in the circuit., b. Potential difference b/w A and B is 1 volt means, that 1 J of work is to be done in moving a unit, positive charge (+ 1C) from point A to B., 113. Draw a circuit diagram for a circuit consisting of a, , battery of five cells of 2 volts each, a 5 W resistor, a, 10 W resistor and a 15 W resistor, an ammeter and, a plug key; all connected in series. Also, connect a, voltmeter to record the potential difference across the, 15 W resistor and calculate:, a. the electric current passing through the above, circuit and, b. potential difference across 5 W resistor when the, key is closed., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], , I1 = V, R1, I2 = V and I3 = V, R2, R3, , But, , Ans :, , I = I1 + I2 + I3, V =V +V +V, R1 R2 R3, R, , a., , Net effective resistance of the circuit., R ^5 + 10 + 15h W = 30 W, Current in the circuit, I = ne = 5 # 2 A = 1 A, 30, 3, R, I = 0.33 A

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b. P.D. across 5 W resistor V = IR, V = 0.33 # 5 = 1.65 Volt., V = 1.65 Volt., 114. (a) What is an electric circuit?, , (b) Calculate the number of electron that flow per, second to constitute a current of one ampere., Charge on an electron is 1.6 # 10-19 C ., (c) Draw an electric circuit for studying Ohm’s law., Label the circuit component used to measure, electric current and potential difference., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], a., , A continuous path in which current can flow when, switch i6 plugged in., b. Q = It or ne = It & n = I $ t, e, Given: I = 1A , t = 1s, n = 1 # 1 -19, 1.6 # 10, c., , n = 6.25 # 1018 electrons, K–Plug key, (A)–Ammeter, (V)–Voltmeter, Rh–, Rheostat, , If by applying a potential difference of 1 volt across a, conductor, the current is 1A then the resistance of the, conductor is said to be 1 ohm., Two disadvantages of connecting electrical appliance, in series., a. If one appliance fails to operate then the circuit, is broken and other devices also will not operate., b. Different devices require different amount of, current to operate but in series combination, same, current is supplied to all electrical appliances., 117. Define power. State the difference between 1 watt and, , 1 watt hour. Establish the relationship between unit, of electric energy and SI unit of energy. An electric, heater rated 1000 W/220 V operates 2 hours daily., Calculate the cost of energy to operate for 30 days at, the rate of Rs 5.00 per kWh., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], Electric Power: P is defined as the rate at which, electric energy is consumed in an electric circuit., 1 watt is the power consumed by an electric appliance, that carries 1A current when a potential difference of, 1 volt is applied across it. Whereas 1 Wh. is the unit, of electric energy, which is consumed by an electric, appliance of 1 W power in one hour., Commercial unit of electric energy is kWh., 1 kWh = 1000 W # 60 # 60 s, 1 kWh = 3.6 # 106 J, Energy consumed by heater in one month, , 115. (a) Define potential difference between two points in, , a conductor., (b) Name the instrument used to measure the potential, difference in a circuit. How is it connected?, (c) A current of 2 A passes through a circuit for, 1 minute. If potential difference between the, terminals of the circuit is 3 V, what is the work, done in transferring the charges?, Ans :, [CBSE 2012], a., , Electric potential is the amount of work done in, bringing a unit positive charge from one point to, another., b. Voltmeter. It is connected in parallel in the circuit., c. I = 2A , t = 1 min. = 60 s , V = 3 V, W = VQ = V ^It h, W = 3 # 2 # 60 J, W = 360 J, 116. State, , Ohm’s law. Write the mathematical, representation of Ohm’s law. Use this relationship to, define 1 ohm. List two disadvantages of connecting, different electrical appliances in series., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], , If the physical conditions of a conductor are kept, constant then current is directly proportional to the, potential difference applied across it., Mathematical representation of Ohm’s law V = IR ., V =R, I, 1 Volt = 1 ohm, 1 Ampere, , = 1000 W # 2h # 30 days = 60 kWh, = 60 units, Total cost @ ` 5/-kWh = 5 # 60 = `300, 118. (a) Why is the series arrangement not used for, , domestic circuits?, (b) Why is the tungsten used almost exclusively for, filament of electric lamps?, (c) Why are the conductors of electric heating devices, such as bread toasters and electric irons made of, an alloy rather than a pure metal?, (d) Why are copper and aluminium wires usually, employed for electricity transmission?, (e) Why does the cord of an electric heater not glow, while the heating element does?, Ans :, [CBSE 2010], a., , In the series arrangement if any device fails to, work, circuit will be broken and other devices stop, working. In series combination current remains, same. Where as different devices requires different, current., b. Tungsten is used due to its high resistivity and, high melting point., c. Alloys have higher resistivity than their pure, constituent and hence produces more heat., d. Copper and aluminium are good conductors and, have low values of resistivity so these are used for, electric transmission., e. Cords core made up of good conductor with low, resistivity where as heating elements are made, up of alloys of higher resistivity to produce more, heat.

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119. (a) Name an instrument that measures electric, , 120. (a) (i) What is meant by saying that the potential, , current in a circuit. Define the unit of electric, current., (b) What do the following symbols mean in circuit, diagrams?, , difference between two points is 1 volt?, (ii) How much energy is given to 5 coulomb of, charge passing through a 12 V battery?, (b) Describe an activity with necessary electric circuit, drawn to study the factors on which the resistance, of a conducting wire depends., Ans :, [CBSE 2008], , (ii), , (i), , (c) An electric circuit consisting of a 0.5 m long, nichrome wire XY, an ammeter, a voltmeter, four, cells of 1.5 V each and a plug key was set up., (i) Draw a diagram of this electric circuit to study, the relation between the potential difference, maintained between the points X and Y and, the electric current flowing through XY., (ii) Following graph was plotted between V and I, values:, , What would be the values of V/I ratios when the, potential difference is 0.8 V, 1.2 V and 1.6 V, respectively? What conclusion do you draw from these, values?, Ans :, [Delhi 2008], Ammeter: Ampere is the unit of current. If one, coulomb charge flows in a circuit in 1 s then the, current in the circuit will be 1 Ampere. (A), b. (i) Variable resistor (ii) closed key, a., , c., , a., , (i) Potential difference b/w the two points is 1, volt mean if we bring a unit positive charge (+, 1C) from one point to other point then amount of, work done is 1 J, W = VQ., (ii) Given: Q =5 C, V =12 V, W =12 # 5 = 60 J, b. Activity to study the factors of affecting, resistance of the conductor—Take a cell, an, ammeter, manganin wires of different length and, different area of cross- section and key. Connect, an ammeter, a manganin wire of (say) 10 cm long, to a cell through a plug key., (i). Now closed the key and note the current in, the circuit with the help of ammeter., (ii). Now replace the manganin wire with another, manganin wire of twice the area of crosssection and again measure the current in the, circuit with the help of ammeter., (iii).Now repeat the activity by taking a copper, wire of same length same area of cross-section,, and note down the current in each case. You, will find that current in the circuit in each, case is different. Which shows that resistance, depends upon (1) nature of material (2), length of the conductor and (3) area of crosssection., , (i), 121. (a) What do the following symbols represent in a, , circuit? Write the name and one function of each., (i), , (ii), , (b) Draw a schematic diagram of a circuit consisting, of a battery of 12 V, three resistors of 5 W , 10, W and 20 W connected in parallel, an ammeter, to measure the total current through the circuit,, a voltmeter to measure the potential difference, across the combination of resistors., (c) State any one advantage of connecting electrical, devices in parallel with the mains instead of, connecting them in series in a household circuit., Ans :, [CBSE 2008], a., , The graph b/w V and I is a straight line., R = V = 1.6 - 0 = 1.6 = 2.67 W, 0.6 - 0, 0.6, I, , (ii), , (i) Variable resistor used to change the current in, circuit., (ii) Wires crossing each other which are not, connected together. It is used when large, number of connections are to be made with, the help of wires out joining them.

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Given:, , V = 1.5 volt., R = 30 W, I = V = 1.5 = 1 = 0.05 A, 30, 20, R, , b., , 125. When two resistors of resistances R1 and R2 are, , c., , (i) Let the devices are connected in series if one, devices fails to work, the circuit will be broken and, all devices stop working, which is not in the case, of parallel combination. In parallel combination if, one device fails others keep working., (ii) In parallel combination the voltage will be, same across each device., , connected in parallel, the net resistance is 3 W . When, connected in series, its value is 16 W . Calculate the, values of R1 and R2., Ans :, [All India 2016], R1 and R2 are in parallel combination., 1 = 1 + 1, Rp, R1 R2, R1 # R2 = 3, R1 + R2, When R1 and R2 are in series combination., Rs = R1 + R2 = 16 W, , 122. An electric iron has a rating of 750 W; 200 V., , Calculate:, a. the current required., b. the resistance of its heating element,, c. energy consumed by the iron in 2 hours., Ans :, [CBSE2016], , R1 + R2 = 16, Solving eq. (1) and eq. (2), , a., , b., c., , Resistance = V = 200 = 53.3 Volt., 3.75, I, Energy consumed in 2 hr = P # t, , ^R1 - 4h^R1 - 12h = 0, R1 = 4 W, 12 W, R2 = 12 W or 4 W, 126. A current of 0.5 A is drawn by a filament of an electric, , bulb for 10 minutes. Find the amount of electric charge, that flows through the circuit., Ans :, [CBSE 2015], Given:, , 123. A piece of wire is redrawn, without change in volume so, , Let, , l1 = l, 2, 1, , A1 = pr = pr, , 2, , New length = l2, 2, , 2, A2 = p d r n = pr, 2, 4, Given: Volume is same, , l1 A1 = l2 A2, , Q = 300 C, 127. (a) How much current will an electric bulb draw, , from a 220 V source, if the resistance of the bulb, filament is 1200 ohm?, (b) How much current will an electric heater coil draw, from a 220 V source, if the resistance of the heater, coil is 100 ohm?, Ans :, [CBSE 2015], (a) Given:V = 220 V, R = 1200 ohm, , 2, , l # pr2 = l2 pr or l2 = 4l, 4, R1 = r l 2 and, ^pr h, R2 = r 4l 2 = 16r l 2, pr, pr, 4, R2 = 16R1, 124. The potential difference across the terminals of a, , cell is 1.5 volt. If it is connected with a resistance of, 30 ohms, calculate the current flowing through the, circuit., Ans :, [CBSE2016], , I = 0.5 A, t = 10 # 60 s, Q, or Q = It, I =, t, Q = 0.5 # 10 # 60 C, , E = 750 # 2 Wh = 1500 Wh, that its radius is halved. Compare the new resistance, with the original resistance., Ans :, [CBSE2016], , ...(2), , R 12 - 16R1 + 48 = 0, , Rating of iron is 750 W–200V., P = 750 W , V = 200 Volt., P = VI or I = P, V, I = 750 = 3.75 A, 200, , ...(1), , As, , V = IR, 220 = I # 1200 or I = 220 A, 1200, I = 0.18 A, , (b), , V = 220 V, R = 100 ohm, I = V = 220 A, 100, R, I = 2. 2 A, , 128. The potential difference between the terminals of an, , electric heater is 60 V when it draws a current of 4 A, from the source. What current will the heater draw, if

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As, P = V#I, a. When heating is at maximum rate, , the potential difference is increased to 120 V?, Ans :, , P = 840 W, I = 840 = 3.8 A, 220, , V = 60 V , I = 4A, R = V = 60 = 15 W, 4, I, , R = V = 220 = 57.7 W, 3.8, I, b. When heating is at minimum rate, and, , V = 120 V , R = 15 W, Il = V = 120, 15, R, , when, then,, , P = 360 W, I = 360 = 1.64 A, 220, , Il = 8A, 129. Resistance of a metal wire of length 1 m is 26 W at, , 20°C. If the diameter of the wire is 0.3 mm, what will, be the resistivity of the metal at that temperature?, Ans :, We have, , l = 1m, R = 26 ohm, t = 20cC, , and,, , 132. In a household, 5 tube lights of 40 W each are used, , for 5 hours and an electric press of 500 W for 4 hour, everyday. Calculate the total energy consumed by the, tube lights and press in a month of 30 days., Ans :, [CBSE 2013], Power of 1 tube = 40 W, , r = 0.15 mm, , Power of 5 tubes = 5 # 40 W = 200 W, Energy consumed by 5 tubes in 5 hr. per day, , r =?, As, , Resistance = 220 = 1.34.15 W, 1.64, , R =rl, A, 2, r = R # A = R # pr, l, l, r = 26 # 22 #, 7, , = 200 # 5 = 1000 Wh, Energy consumed by electric press per day, , ^0.15 # 10-3h2, 1, , r = 1.84 # 10-6 Wm, , = 2000 Wh, Total energy consumed per day, = ^1000 + 2000h Wh, , 130. A 4 W resistance wire is doubled on itself. Calculate, , the new resistance of the wire., Ans :, , = 500 W # 4 hr, , = 3000 Wh = 3 kWh, Total energy consumed in 30 days, , [CBSE 2015], , = 3 # 30 kWh, = 90 kWh, , Let the initial length = l, Initial resistance = 4 W, when it is doubled on itself, length becomes half and, area becomes double (=2A), ...(1), R1 = r l1, A1, , 133. In the circuit shown below, calculate:, , a. total resistance in arm CE,, b. total current drawn from the battery, and, c. current in each arm, i.e., AB and CE of the circuit., , 4 =rl, A, R2 = r l2, A2, R2 = r, , ...(2), , l, 2, , 2A, , R2 = r l, 4A, Dividing (3) by eq. (1), R2 = r l, A1 = l, A, R1, 4A # rl1, 4A # l, , ...(3), , R2 = R1 = 4 = 1, 4, 4, R2 = 1 W, 131. An electric iron consumes energy at a rate of 840 W, , when heating is at the maximum rate and 360 W when, the heating is at the minimum. The voltage is 220 V., What are the current and the resistance in each case?, Ans :, [CBSE 2015], , Ans :, a., , [CBSE 2013], , Total resistance in arm CE, , = ^2 + 4h W = 6 W, b. CE arm and AB arm in parallel., 1 = 1+1, effective resistance,, b6 6l, R, R = 3W, Total current in the circuit 6a V = 3V given@, I = V = 3 = 1A, 3, R, c. Resistance of CE and AB arms is same = 6 W, Current in each arm = 3 = 1 A, 6, 2

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the circuit, and (b) current shown by the ammeter., I = 0.5 A, 134. An electric heater rated 1200 W operates 2 hour per, , day. Find the cost of the energy required to operate it, for 30 days at Rs 5.00 per unit., Ans :, [CBSE 2013], Rating of heater = 1200 W, t1 = 2 hr per day, Total time ^ t h for 30 days, = t1 # 30 = 2 # 30, , Ans :, a., , = 60 hrs, Energy consumed in one month (30 days), = P # t = 1200 # 60, = 72000 Wh, = 72 kWh, Cost of energy consumed in 30 days, = `72 # 5 = `360, 135. Two electric lamps of 100 W and 25 W respectively, , are joined in parallel to a supply of 200 V. Calculate, the total current flowing through the circuit., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], Bulbs 100 W 25 W, V = 200 V 200 V, Total P = P1 + P2, = 100 + 25 = 125 W, I = P = 125 A, 200, V, I = 0.625 A, 136. Two identical resistors, each of resistance 2 W are, , connected in turn: (i) in series, and (ii) in parallel, to a battery of 12 V. Calculate the ratio of power, consumed in the two cases., Ans :, [CBSE 2015], Given:, (i), , R1 = R2 = 2 W, In series RS = 2 + 2 = 4 W, , Power consumed in series:, 2, , PS = V = 12 # 12 W, 4, RS, , [CBSE 2012], , 3 W and 2 W resistors are in series their effective, resistance 3 + 2 = 5 W is in parallel to 5 W, resistance., Net resistance = 5 = 2.5 W, 2, I = V = 2. 5, 2. 5, R, , b., , I = 1A, 138. An electric heater rated 600 W operates 6 hours per, , day. Find the cost to operate it for 30 days at Rs. 3.00, per unit., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], Given:, , P = 600 W, t = 6 hr per day, , no. of days = 30, Energy consumed by the heater, = P#t, = 600 W # 6 hr # 30 days, day, = 108000 Wh, = 108 kWh, Total cost @ ` 3/- = `108 # 3 = `324, 139. Three resistors of 5 W, 10 W, and 15 W are connected, , in series and the combination is connected to battery, of 30 V. Ammeter and voltmeter are connected in, the circuit. Draw a circuit diagram to connect all the, devices in proper correct order. What is the current, flowing and potential difference across 10 W resistance?, Ans :, [CBSE 2012], Effective resistance of the circuit, R = 5 + 10 + 15 = 30 W, , PS = 36 W, (ii) In parallel combination 1 = 1 + 1, Rp 2 2, RP = 1 W, 2, PP = V = 12 # 12 W, 1, RP, , PP = 144 W, 137. In the given circuit, calculate (a) total resistance of, , Current in the circuit,, , I = V = 30 A, 30, R, I = 1A, , Current in 10 W resistor = 1 A, Potential difference across 10 W resistor, V = IR = 1 # 10, V = 10 Volt

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140. Find the equivalent resistance across the two ends A, , resistance of coils, , and B of this circuit., , c., , = 30 + 30 = 60 W, I = 220 = 3.66 A, 60, When two coils are connected in parallel then, total resistance, = 30 = 15 A, 2, Now current, I = 220 = 14.67 A, 15, , 142. A piece of wire having resistance R is cut into four, , Ans :, The pairs of Rl and R2; R3 and R4 ; R5 and R6 and R7,, and R8 are in parallel, Their equivalent resistance = 1 W each., , equal parts,, a. How will the resistance of each part compare with, the original resistance?, b. If the four parts are placed in parallel, how will, the joint resistance compare with the resistance of, the original wire?, Ans :, a., , When wire is cut in equal pieces then resistance, on one piece = R4, b. Effective resistance in parallel combination of, these four pieces of resistance R4 each., 1 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 16, Rp, R R R R, R, Rp = R, 16, Now R12 and R34 are in series R14 = 1 + 1 = 2 W and, R56 and R78 are in series, R56 = 1 + 1 = 2 W, , 143. A wire is 1.0 m long, 0.2 mm in diameter and has, , a resistance of 10 W . Calculate the resistivity of its, material., Ans :, [CBSE 2011], L = 1.0 m, D = 0.2 mm, r = D = 0.2 = 0.1 mm, 2, 2, r = 0.1 # 10-3 m, , Hence network can be reduced further as, , R = 10 W, R = r l or r = R # A, r, A, r = 10 # pr, l, , Now R14 and R58 are in parallel, Net equivalent resistance of the network, = 1 + 1 = 1W, 2 2, 141. A hot plate of an electric oven, connected to a 220 V, , line. It has two resistance coils A and B each of the, 30 W which may be used separately, in series or in, parallel. Find the value of the current required in each, of the three cases., Ans :, [CBSE 2012], V = 220 Volt, RA = RB = 30 W, a. When both are used separately., Then current drawn by each, I = V = 220 = 7.3 A, 30, R, b. When two coils are connected in series then total, , 10 =, , 2, , 3.14 # ^0.1 # 10-3h2, 1. 0, , r = 3.14 # 10-7 Wm, 144. The rating of an electric heater is 1100 W, 220 V., , Calculate its resistance when it operates at 220 V., Also, calculate the energy consumed in kWh in the, month of November, if the heater is used daily for four, hours at the rated voltage., Ans :, [CBSE 2010], P = 1100 W, V = 220 V, 2, , R = V = 220 # 220 W = 484 W = 44 W, 1100, 11, P, Total energy consumed in the month of Nov. (i.e. 30, days) @ 4 hr per day.

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E = P#t, , I1 = I2 = 1.5 A, , = 1100 # 4 # hr # 30, = 1100 # 120 Wh, E = 132 kWh, 145. (a) For the circuit shown in the diagram, calculate:, , (i) value of current through the 30 W resistor., (ii) total resistance of the circuit., (b) Give two advantages of connecting electrical, devices in parallel with battery., , Ans :, a., , [CBSE 2010], , 147. Find out the following in the electric circuit given in, , figure:, a. Effective resistance of two 8 W resistors in the, combination., b. Current flowing through 4 W resistor., c. Potential difference across 4 W resistor., d. Power dissipated in 4 W resistor., e. Difference in ammeter readings, if any., , Ans :, a., , Potential across each resistor = 6 V., (i) I in 30 W resistor,, =V = 6 = 1 A, 30, 5, R, , 8 W and 8 W resistors are in parallel, Rp = 8 # 8 = 4 W, 8+8, , = 0.2 A, (ii) All in parallel,, 1 = 1 + 1 +1 = 1+3+6, 30 10 5, 30, Rp, = 10, 30, Rp = 3 W, b. (i) Voltage across each appliance remains, (ii) If any appliance fails to work other appliances, continue to work., 146. Three 2 W resistors, A, B and C, are connected as, , shown in figure. Each of them dissipates energy and, can withstand a maximum power of 18 W without, melting. Find the maximum current that can flow, through the three resistors., , b. Total resistance of the circuit, = ^4 + 4h W = 8 W, Current in 4 W resistor, I = 8 = 1A, 8, c. Potential difference across 4 W resistor, V = IR = 1 # 4 = 4 Volt., d. Power dissipated in 4 W resistor, P = I2 R = ^1 h2 # 4 W, e., , P =4W, Both the ammeters are in series in the circuit so, current will be same in both ammeters. Hence no, difference in the reading of two ammeter., , 148. Calculate the resistance of an electric bulb which, , Ans :, , [CBSE 2010], , Given maximum power of the network, P = 18 W, Maximum current in 2 W resistor., from, , P = I R or I = P, R, I2 = 18 = 9, 2, 2, , 2, , I = 3A, , allows a 10 A current when connected to a 220 V, power source., Ans :, [CBSE 2009], I = 10 A, V = 220 Volt., Resistance of bulb = V = 220 = 22 W, 10, I, 149. An electric lamp is marked 100 W, 220 V. It is used, , for 5 hours daily. Calculate: (i) its resistance while, glowing, (ii) energy consumed in kWh per day., Ans :, [CBSE 2007], Electric Iron 100W –– 220 V, Resistor 2 W, 2 W are equal and in parallel combination, so current of 3 A will be distributed equally., , Used for time,, , t = 5 hr. daily

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2, R = V = 220 # 220 = 484 W, 100, P, (ii) Energy consumed by iron per day, , (i), , = P # t = 100 # 5 Wh, = 500 Wh = 0.5 kWh, 150. A torch bulb is rated 5 V and 500 mA. Calculate, , its (i) power (ii) resistance and (iii) energy consumed, when it is lighted for 4 hours., Ans :, [CBSE 2005], Given: 5V––500 mA, Power = V # I = 5 # 500 # 10-3, , (i), , = 2.5 W, 5, Resistance = V =, = 10 W, I, 500 # 10-3, , (ii), , (iii) Energy consumed in four hrs., = 2.5 # 4 # 60 # 60, = 10 # 3600 W.s., = 3.6 # 10 4 J, 151. If a 12 V battery is connected to the arrangement of, , resistances given below, calculate:, a. the total effective resistance of the arrangement, and, b. the total current flowing in the circuit., , Ans :, a., , [CBSE 2005], , 10 W and 20 W are in series, Rs1 = 10 + 20 = 30 W, 5 W and 25 W are in series, Rs2 = 5 + 25 = 30 W, 30 W and 30 W are in parallel., 1 = 1 + 1 = 2, 30 30, 30, Rp, , (ii), , R p = 15 W, I = V = 12 = 0.8 A, 15, RP, , 152. An electric bulb is rated at 200 V–100 W. What is its, , resistance? Five such bulbs bum for 4 hours. What is, the electrical energy consumed? Calculate the cost, if, the rate is 50 paise unit., Ans :, V = 200 V, P = 100 W, (a), , 2, , P =V, R, , ^200h2, W = 40000 = 400 W, 100, 100, (b) Energy consumed in 4 hrs. by one bulb., R =, , = P # t = 100 # 4 = 400 Wh, = 0.4 kWh, Total energy consumed by 5 similar bulb, = 5 # 0.4 = 2 kWh, Cost ` 0.50 per unit = `2 # 0.50 = `1