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ENGLISH: GROW STRONG, , SERIES........, , SSLC, ENGLISH, ----EASY TO SCORE, (2nd Language English), As Per New Pattern -2019-20, , Covers 51 Marks., Compiled & Prepared,, , Basavaraj. A. M (Kubasad), TLR Chakrasali Government High, School., Kunchuru.

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Content, Sl No, , Content, , Marks, , 1., , 270 One Mark Questions, – Grammar & Vocabulary., , 16, , 2., , Editing, , 02, , 3., , Letter Writing, , 05, , 4., , Completing the, paragraph/ Story, , 03, , 5., , Unseen Passages, , 04, , 6., , Summary of the Poems, , 07, , 7., , Profile Writing, , 03, , 8., , Quote from Memory, , 04, , 9., , Interpretation of the, Pictures, Essays, , 03, 04, , Total, , 51, , 10., ,  You cannot believe in God until you believe in yourself.,  All the powers in the universe are already ours. It is we who have put, our hands before our eyes and cry that it is dark.,  Swami Vivekananda

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270 One Mark Questions., (Grammar and Vocabulary - 4+12=16Marks), 1. The opposite word of ‘sweet’ is _______________, Ans: bitter, 2. The opposite word of ‘Famous’ is _______________, Ans: Notorious, 3. Add suitable prefi to form the opposite of ‘perfect’, Ans: imperfect, 4. Add suitable prefi to form the opposite of ‘discipline’, Ans: indiscipline, 5. Add suitable prefi to form the opposite of ‘legal’, Ans: illegal, 6. Cotton is light, but iron is _______, Ans: heavy, 7. Ritesh is kind but Rajesh is ______, Ans: unkind, 8. I don’t like dull colours, I like _____colours., Ans: shiny/sharp, 9. Peacock is a beautiful bird while owl is an ______ bird. Ans: ugly, 10., Climbing the stairs is ascending but coming down is _____ Ans:, descending, Select the suitable Homophone in the following,, 11., We had_____________ many apples to carry. (to/too/two), Ans: too, 12., I __________a horse at the Marina beach .(road/rode), Ans: rode, 13., The books are over__________ on the shelf.(their/there), Ans: there, 14., Smitha went to the market to ________vegetables (by, buy) Ans: buy, 15., Speaking ____ is not _______________(allowed, aloud) Ans:, aloud,, allowed, 16., You must ____ on the ____ side of the page (right/write), Ans:, write,, right, 17., Our ____believes in Gandhiji’s _____(principal/ principle), Ans:, principal, principle, 18., He had ___many apples but he brought only ____apples, Ans: too, two, 19., The king came along with his _____wife to the village _____ Ans:, fair,, fare, 20., He was very_____ because, he was ill last ____, Ans:, weak,, week, 21., I asked him to _______me near the ________stall., Ans: meat,, meet, Choose the right collocative word,, 22., Book –, worm, ant, hand, pen, Ans: worm, 23., blood –, post, water, book, bank, Ans: bank, 24., charming- girl, hot, answer, book, Ans: girl, 25., hand –, pants, sari, socks, kerchief, Ans:, kerchief., 26., Wavy, [girl, hair, lady, story], June-2015, 27., Lay, [attention, emphasis, notice, order], April-2016, 28., Land, [quake, house, lord, rain], June-2016, 29., Rapid, [growth, progress, movement, speed], April2017, 30., Earth, [water, quake, land, soil], MQP, -2015

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31., 32., 33., 34., 35., 36., , Bullock, [carriage, cart, wheels, track], Table, [bag, salt, man, paper], Sugar, [bread, cane, bag, fruit], Independent, [Indian ,mission, power, organ], Running, [bag, water, door, pencil], Swirling, [horse, dog, water, wind], , Give one word for the following:, 37., A person who enters the house in order to steal., Ans: burglar, 38., To speak in a very kind way., Ans: polite, 39., To talk in a low voice., Ans: whisper, 40., One who travels to work place daily., Ans:, commuter, 41., A frightening dream., Ans: nightmare, 42., A place outside a city., Ans: outskirts, 43., The man that a woman is engaged to., Ans: fiance, 44., A stitch that is used to sew a wound together., Ans: suture, 45., A piece of land in which fruit trees are grown., Ans: orchard, 46., Very eager for knowledge., Ans: voracious, 47., That which cannot be satisfed., Ans:, insatiable., 48., One who is trained in doing act of public service, Ans: scout, 49., A decorated rod carried by a king or queen as a symbol of power. Ans:, scepter, Identify the number of Syllables,, 50., Section, Ans: 2, 51., Discovery, Ans: 4, 52., Light, Ans: 1, 53., English, Ans: 2, 54., Clock, Ans: 1, Make a meaning word,, 55., boudt, Ans: doubt, 56., fidfticiu, Ans : difcult, 57., raetl, Ans: alert, 58., lbssening, Ans: blessing, 59., ggrade, Ans: ragged, 60., gola, Ans: goal, 61., maitbion, Ans: ambition, Meaning ful Sentences,, 62., snakes /afraid of/you/are Make a meaningful sentence Ans: Are you, afraid of snakes?, 63., Pluck/flowers/don’t/the/garden, Ans: Don’t pluck fowers, from the garden., 64., What/accident/a/horrible/is/it/!/, Ans: what a horrible accident, it is!, 65., Are/citizens/today/children/of/the/tomorrow

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Ans: children of today are the citizens of tomorrow., 66., Capital/India/is/the/Delhi/of, Ans: Delhi is the capital of, India., 67., Should/road/rules/break/not/we/the, Ans: We should not, break the road rules., Add suitable question tag,, 68., Ravi sings a song., Ans: doesn’t she?, 69., I am not a doctor., Ans: am I?, 70., I am a man., Ans; aren’t I?, 71., You never say that you are leaving., Ans: do you?, 72., The children of Rio En Medio were the owners of the trees. Ans: weren’t, they?, 73., Change into negative: I write a story., Ans: I do not write a, story., 74., They played in a better way. Frame a question so as to get the underlined, word as a answer., Ans: How did they play?, 75., I drink tea two times in a day., Ans: how many times do you drink tea, in a day?, 76., Raju is _____eicellent player. Fill in the blank with suitable article., Ans: an, 77.

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89., 90., 91., , Class 5 students ________ good at sports [is, are], Vani and Sameena ________ doctors [is, are], Those books ________ very eipensive [was, were], , Ans: are, Ans: are, Ans: were, , Fill in the blanks choosing the most appropriate answer given in, brackets., 92., Sheela has a long hair. The suitable question tag is _____., a) has she? b) hasn't she? c) dosen't she? d) isn't she?, Ans: hasn't she?, 93., Mother is cooking in the kitchen., Ans: isn't she?, a) was she? b) wasn't she? c) is she? d) isn't she?, 94., Children play in the feld., Ans; don't they?, a) Do they? b) don't they? c) are they? d) aren't they?, 95., The old woman was very weak., Ans: wasn’t she?, 96. India is great., Ans: isn’t it?, 97. All my friends were absent yesterday., Ans: weren’t they?, 98. I am a teacher., Ans: aren’t I?, , Fill in the blanks choosing the right form of the verbs given in, brackets., 99. You can……….(see) him now., Ans.: see, 100. See, how he……….(be+stand), Ans.: is standing, 101. His face is……….(wrinkle), Ans.: Wrinkled., 102. All machines require energy to make them work. This energy is….(supply) by, fuel. Fuel….(eiist) in various forms; Petrol and electricity, food and oiygen to, mention only some., Ans. : supplied, exists, 103. My uncle…(have) a cow. He…..(buy) it in the market yesterday. Ans: has,, bought, 104., Sunder ................. (be + study) in Govt. High School last year. The Govt., closed that school. So Sunder .......... (take) the transfer Certifcate, Ans.:, was studying, took, 105., Jayalakshmi is a classical singer. She……….(earn) money by giving, tuitions. She…….(be+go) to give a concert in the Town Hall tomorrow. Ans.:, earns, is going, 106., India……….(be+rule) by foreigners for many centuries. Leaders like, Gandhiji……….(fght) for freedom. Now India……….(be) a democratic country., Ans.: was ruled, fought, is, 107., Moments later, his father……….(leave) the room. When he returned, his, arms ……….(be) full of paints and brushes, He……….(nod) his head but his, eyes……….(remain) sad., Ans.: left, were, nodded, remained, 108., Swami’s father………..(sit) gloomily………….(gaze) at the newspaper on his, lap. Swami……….(rise) quietly and walked to his bed. Granny………..(be+sit) on, her bed, waiting for him. Ans.: sat, gazing, rose, was sitting, , Linking words/Conjunctions., Fill in the blanks with the appropriate linking words choosing, from the brackets:, 109., Vinutha………..her sister entered the house……….there was no electricity, …..they took out a boi of matches and lit a lamp……….they couldn’t see anything., (still, but, and, so)

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Ans: and, but, so, still, 110. . ……….Venkatraman is a rich man, he is not generous……….his wife helps, the needy……….she was from a poor family……….sufered a lot. (though,, because, and, but), Ans: though, but, becaus , and, 111. Suresh………..Mahesh went to the bus station……….they missed the bus., Ans: and, but,, 112., Both my sister ____my brother are going to Shivamogga for the, competitions. Ans: and, 113. You may go, ____I will stay back., Ans: but, , 114., , Ans:, , I have never met Latha _______________I left school., , since, , 115., 116., 117., 118., 119., 120., , You may take this book ______________not that one., Ans: but, Sushma said that the movie was fantastic, ______I watched it. Ans: so, She went to the mall, ____couldn’t find anything that fits her needs. Ans: but, Everybody likes him because he is nice _______helpful., Ans: and, Keep quiet ______ go out., Ans: or, You will not pass the test ________you study hard., Ans:, , unless/until, 121. You will pass the test ___________you study hard., , Ans: if, , Complete the sentence by choosing the correct word/phrase from the, bracket., (III conditional), 122. If Ramu had helped me, I ___________ completed the project., (Would have, will have, would had, would has), Ans: would have, 123. I ______________passed the eiam, If I had not worked hard., (Not would have, would not have, would have not) Ans: would have not., 124. Had I known about your birthday? I _____________ brought a present., (will have, would had, would has, would have), Ans: would have, 125. I _____________ come if you had told me., Ans: could have,, (can have, could have, can has, could has), 126. If I had not eaten so much. I _________________ fallen sick., (wouldn't have, won't have, would have, could have), Ans: wouldn't, have, , Complete the following with appropriate preposition., 127., 128., 129., 130., 131., 132., 133., 134., 135., 136., , Santosh is an Engineer. He works in a multinational company., Manjula waited for me at the bus stand an hour or so., The principal came and sat between DDPI and BEO., He built a house between the rivers., A rat went through the pipe and disappeared, There is an MLA standing beside my father, The boy is walking towards a shop to busy an umbrella., Raju went to market to buy the teit books?, She gets up at 6.00 am in the morning, The Prime Minister is going to visit Bangalore on 12th of December.

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137., , Active and Passive Voice, 138. He makes a kite., A kite is made by him., 139. They kick the ball., The ball is kicked by them., 140. She makes ten kites.Ten kites are made by her., 141. I drink milk., Milk is drunk by me., Present Continuous tense :, 142. I am bringing ball., Ball is being brought by me., 143. Padma is painting a picture., A picture is being painted by Padma., 144. They are catching birds. Birds are being caught by them., 145. People are telling truth., Truth is being told by people., Present Perfect Tense :, 146. She has cooked rice. Rice has been cooked by her., 147. I have written poems., Poems have been written me., 148. Sita has seen Hanuman. Hanuman has been seen by Sita., 149. They have carried books. Books have been carried by them., 150. Teacher has asked questions., Questions have been asked by teacher., Simple Past tense :, 151. He gave 10 rupees. 10 rupees were given by him., 152. I wrote a poem., A poem was written by me., 153. We sang songs., Songs were sung by us., 154. My family members watched TV., TV was watched by my family, members., Past Continuous tense :, 155. Krishna was bringing fruits., Fruits were being brought by Krishna., 156. She was preparing cofee., Cofee was being prepared by her., 157. He was taking food., Food was being taken by him., 158. I was speaking Kannada., Kannada was being spoken by me., Past Perfect Tense, 159. I had written a novel., A novel had been written by me., 160. Harish had eaten 10 apples., 10 apples had been eaten by Harish., 161. You had spoken English., English had been spoken by you., 162. He had brought ball., Ball had been brought by him., Simple Future :, 163. I will speak Kannada., Kannada will be spoken by me., 164. You will bring ball. Ball will be brought by you., 165. Rama will write a story., A story will be written by Rama., 166. Cat will drink milk. Milk will be drunk by cat., 167., 168., 169., 170., 171., , Future Perfect :, I will have eaten bread., Bread will have been eaten by me., He will have brought water, Water will have been brought by him., Dog will have eaten meat Meat will have been eaten by dog., We will have drunk milk. Milk will have been drunk by us., , Change in to passive., 172., , I write a poem., , Ans: A poem is written by me.

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173., 174., 175., , She is catching birds., Shut the door., Harish ate mangoes., , Ans: Birds are being caught by her., Ans: Let the door be shut., Ans: Mangoes were eaten by Harish., , Sentences having two objects, He gave Vinay a car., Here in this sentence there are 2 objects., 1. Indirect object : Vinay, 2. Direct object : a car., Usually Indirect object is noun / pronoun / animate., Direct object may be lifeless / inanimate., In such conditions passive can be made in the following ways., He gave Vinay a car. (active),  A car was given by him to Vinay. (passive) or,  Vinay was given a car by him., (passive), 1. She brought me a book., a) I was brought a book by her., b) A book was brought by her., 2. They made him the captain of the team., a) He was made the captain of the team., 3. The tailor stitched Krishna a fne dress., a) A fne dress to Krishna was stitched by the tailor., 4. She promised him a present., a) He was promised a present by her., b) A present to him was promised by her., , Direct and Indirect Speech., Interrogative Sentences (Question sentences), Wh- questions and Yes / No type questions, Wh- Questions :, {¥Àæ±ÁßxÀðPÀ, ªÁPÀåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß, E£ïqÉÊgÉPÀÖ, ªÀiÁqÀĪÁUÀ, ¸ÁzÁ, ªÁPÀåªÁV [C¸Ànðªï] ¥ÀjªÀwð¸À¨ÉÃPÀÄ.}, In Indirect speech questions change as statements., Q. word + Subject + Verb........., 176., Rama said to Prakash, "Where is your house?" Rama asked Prakash where, his house was., 177. The teacher said to Rama, "Where did you go yesterday?", The teacher asked (inquired) Rama where he had gone the previous day., 178. He said, "Where are you going ?", He asked where he was going., 179. The headmaster asked, "What are you doing here Ramesh?", The headmaster asked Ramesh what he was doing there., 180. My friend said, "What is your name ?" My friend asked me what my name, was, 181. The teacher said to Raghu, "Why were you absent yesterday ?"

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The teacher asked Raghu why he was absent the day before., 182. Narayan's mother said, "Where are you going, my son?", Narayan's mother asked her son where he was going., Yes / No type - Questions :, 183. Nagaraj said to Kiran, "Is it your pen ?", Nagaraj asked Kiran if it was his, pen., 184. The doctor said, "Did you come yesterday?", The doctor asked (inquired) if he had come the previous day., 185. He said, "Will you listen to such music?", He asked them whether they would listen to such music., 186. Prakash said, "Do you know this man ?", Prakash asked if he knew, that man., 187. The teacher said, "Are you not Chetan ?", The teacher asked him if, he was, Chetan., Imperative sentences, 188. The teacher said, "Stand up"., The teacher ordered to stand up., 189. He said, "Open the door"., He requested to open the door., 190. The beggar said, "Give me one rupee"., The beggar requested to give, him / her a, rupee., 191. Gopal said to his servant, "Wait"., Gopal asked his servant to wait., 192. The teacher said, "Get out"., The teacher ordered to get out., Exclamatory Sentences, 193. She said, "Oh! It is dead"., She eiclaimed with sorrow that it was, dead., 194. Suresh said, "Hurrah ! We have won the match"., Suresh eiclaimed with joy that they had won the match., 195. The farmer said, "Oh ! God, I have lost all my hopes"., The farmer eiclaimed with sorrow that he had lost all his hopes., 196. Babu said, "What a big building it is!", Babu eiclaimed with surprise that it was a very big building., 197. Sheela said, "How nice you are!", Sheela eiclaimed with compliment that he/she was very nice., Optative Sentences, 198. She said, "Wish you a happy married life"., She wished them a happy, married life., 199. He said, "May God bless you"., He prayed God to bless him., 200. Donu said, "Wish you good luck", Donu wished him good luck., 201. Vinay said, "Wish you a happy and safe journey"., Vinay wished them a happy and safe journey., , More Examples:, 202. Andy said, "My master will murder me if I am not back soon"., Andy said that his master would murder him if he was not back soon., 203. The postmaster said, to Andy, "Who do you want it for?", The postmaster asked Andy who he wanted it for., 204. "Did the king talk to all who you went with?" said Daksha to her father., Daksha asked her father whether the king had talked to all who he went with.

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205. Daksha said, "Father, why did you go to the palace?, Daksha asked her father why he had gone to the palace., 206. The teacher said to the student “which is your pen?”, The teacher asked student which his pen was., 207. The author said to the cricketer, "Which is your greatest test match?", The author said to the crickter which his greatest test match was., 208. The teacher said to the student, "Do you want to listen?", The teacher asked the students whether they wanted to listen., 209. Roopa said, "Vinay, why did you go to Bengaluru?", Roopa asked Vinay why he had gone to Bengaluru., 210. Halappa said to his son, "Did your mother tell you to do this?, Halappa asked his son whether his mother had told him to do that., 211. Ravi said, “I missed the bus today” Ans: Ravi said that he had missed the, bus that day., 212. Teacher said, “where is your house?’ Ans: Teacher asked where my, house was., , Degrees of Comparison, There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives., They are Positive, Comparative and Superlative degree., 1. Positive Degree :, Simple adjective form is used.,  It is used when no comparison is made.,  Use 'no other' in the beginning.,  Use "as … adj … as" pattern., Eg : No No other girl is as beautiful as Shwetha., No other boy is as clever as Gopal., 2. Comparative Degree :,  Two things are compared.,  Conjunction than is used.,  Use comparative form of adjective.,  Use "any other", Eg :, Gopal is cleverer than any other boy., Shwetha is more beautiful than any other girl., 3., , , , Eg, , Superlative Degree :, More than two things are compared., The compared thing is supreme., Use the and superlative form of adjective., :, Gopal is the cleverest boy., Shwetha is the most beautiful girl., , Examples:, 213. No other woman is so kind as Mother Teresa. (po), Mother Teresa is kinder than any other woman.(comp), Mother Teresa is the kindest of all women.(sup), 214. No other country is as rich as India. (po), India is richer than any other country. (Comp), India is the richest of all countries. (Sup), 215. No other metal is as strong as iron. (po)

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Iron is stronger than any other metal. (Comp), Iron is the strongest of all metals. (sup), 216. The Tajmahal is the most beautiful of all buildings. (sup), The Tajmahal is more beautiful than any other building. (Comp), No other building is so beautiful as Tajmahal. (Po), , Use of very few, 214. Very few girls are as beautiful as Shruti. (Positive), Shruti is more beautiful than most of the other girls. (Comp.), Shruti is one of the most beautiful girls. (Superlative), 215. Very few countries in the world are as rich an Japan. (Positive), Japan is richer than most other countries in the world. (Comp.), Japan is one of the richest countries in the world. (Superlative), 216. Very few people are as great as my father. (Positive), My father is greater than most other people. (Comparitive), My father is one of the greatest people. (Superlative), , More Examples:, 217. Rahul Dravid is the fnest batsman at the moment.(Sup), No other batsman at the moment is as fne as Rahul Dravid. (Positive), Rahul Dravid is fner than any other batsman at the moment. (Comparative), 218. Vikram Sarabhai was one of the greatest scientists. (Sup), Very few scientists were as great as Vikram Sarabhai. (Positive), Vikram Sarabhai was greater than most other scientists. (Comparative), 219. B.S. Chandrashekar was one of the greatest leg break bowlers in the world., Very few leg-break bowlers in the world were as great as B.S., Chandrashekar. (Positive), B.S. Chandrashekar was greater than most of the leg-break bowlers in the, world. (Comparative), 220. Vivekananda was greater than most of the saints in the world. (Comparative), Very few saints in the world were as great as Vivekananda. (Positive), Vivekananda was one of the greatest saints in the world. (Superlative), 221. Radha was the wisest lady. (Superlative), No other lady was as wise as Radha. (Positive), Radha was wiser than any other lady. (Comparative), 222., No other insect is as busy as bee. (po), Bee is the busiest insect. (Sup), Bee is busier than any other insect. (Comp), 223., Very few flm directors are as creative as Satyajit Ray. (Po), Satyajit Ray is more creative than most of the directors. (comp), Satyajit Ray is one of the most creative directors. (Sup), 224. Bombay is better than any other sea ports in India.( comp), No other sea port is as good as Bombay in India. (Po), Bombay is the best sea ports in India.(sup), , Articles:, Article is a word, which is used before a noun or a pronoun to show a particular, person, place or thing., Two kinds:

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1. Defnite article (The) 2. Indefnite article (a, an), 1. Definite article: It is used to show a particular person, place or thing., Example: The Teacher, The Cinema, The Ganga River etc…., 2. Indefinite article: It is used to show a person, place or thing is in general., Example: A Gun, A Story, An Apple, An Inkpot., , Fill in the blanks with suitable articles:225., 226., 227., 228., 229., 230., 231., 232., 233., 234., 235., 236., 237., , There are seven days in ……….week., Ans: a, It wasn’t your fault it was ……accident, Ans:, I eat ……..banana every day., Ans:, I am looking for ……….job., Ans:, It was ………….good suggestion., Ans:, I am going to see ……………..doctor., Ans: the, Do you want ……….egg., Ans: an, I will make……eiample of one of them., Ans:, Please close……….door., Ans: the, .….union I strength. I am …optimist., Ans: an, Wangjia’s bread bag flew into.….sky., Ans: the, Anant was………..talented boy and………fastest runner., I had ………….. Sandwich and ………apple for breakfast., , an, a, a, the, , an, , Ans: a, the, Ans: a, an, , Language Functions, Identify the language function:, 238. Could you please spare some time, sir?, Ans. Request, 239. You’re absolutely right., Ans. Expressing, agreement., 240. I’m really grateful to you., Ans. Expressing, gratitude., 241. If you don’t mind could I use your pen?, Ans. Seeking, permission., 242. I’m very sorry., Ans. Apologize., 243. You should consult a doctor., Ans. Suggesting., 244. Don’t worry everything will be alright., Ans. Sympathizing., 245. Shut the door., Ans Ordering., 246. Story books are on ffth shelf in second row from here. Ans. Giving, direction., 247. Can I help you?, Ans. Permission, 248. Read the following conversations and identify the language, functions of the underlined sentences., A : I have a party at home. Please do come., B : I would have loved to come. But please eicuse me, as I have to attend a, wedding., Ans : rejecting the invitation., 249., A: I am getting married on the 28th of this month at Sri Venkateshwara, Kalyana Mantap. Please do come., B : I would love to be a part of the celebrations I will be there., Ans : Accepting the invitation.

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To Infinitives, 250. I am eipecting two guests to come for dinner., a) prepare b) eipecting, c) to come d) make Ans: to come, 251. I don’t have vehicle to take my dad to the hospital that’s it., a) don’t, b) to take, c) have, d) hospital, 252. She is an aniious to know her result amma., a) is, b) aniious, c) to know, d) result, 253. I went to post ofce to post a letter., a) are, b) went, c) late, d) to post, 254. I would better not to be late., a) to be, b) would, c) did, d) better, 255. I would like to dance with you., a) would, b) you, c) to dance, d) with, , Editing – 2 Marks, 256. There was an great deal in conversation about rain but his family. He was, very proud of his large family fnally we got down to business., Clues;- a. Error in the article. b. Error in preposition. c. Error in conjunction ., d. Error in verb form., Ans: a) a, b) of, c) and, d) get, , Edit the following, using the clues given below :, 257., amrutha was thrilled to be on mount everest, form where she stood she, could sea the whole country side., Clues : 1. Capital letter to be used, 2. Spelling mistake to be corrected, 258., the mla of the locality booked two buses. All the poor went on a trip to, nanjungud. Did you also go, Clues : 1. Capital letter to be used, 2. Correct punctuation mark to be used, 259., I heard this news long time back. i also bought it to the notise of my uncle., Clues :, 1. Capital letter to be used, 2. Spelling mistakes to be corrected, 260., a ship sank in the middle of the night. were there any survivors, ``Clues :, 1. Capital letter to be used, 2. Correct punctuation mark to be used, 261., my parents, sister, brother and me went to mysuru for the weakend., Clues : 1. Capital letter to be used, 2. Spelling mistake to be corrected., 262., rohan is an eight year old boy. he is very nice and queit. He has big ice. all, his classmates scare him. this makes rohan feel lonely., Clues : 1. Capital letter to be used wherever necessary, 2. Spelling mistakes to be corrected, , 263., , scientists are strange people, aren’t they, , Clues : 1. Capital letter to be used

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2. Punctuation mark to be used, 264., sudha is a deer friend of mine. we also study and play together., Clues : 1. Capital letter to be used, 2. Spelling mistake to be corrected, 265., what is your name asked the teacher i said that my name is shewtha, Clues : 1. Punctuation mark to be used, 2. Capital letter to be used wherever necessary, 266., river cauvery is providing drinking water too many people in Karnataka, Clues : 1. Capital letter to be used, 2. Spelling mistake to be corrected., 267. The old man eiplain that he was an oldest person in the village. Almost, everyone there was related to him and all the child of Rio En Medio was his, nieces and nephews., a. verb to corrected., b. noun plural to be corrected., Ans: a. eiplained. b. children., 268. It took most on the following winter to buy the trees, individual., a. preposition to be corrected., b. adverbial mistake to be corrected., Ans: of, b. individually., 269. Although Dravidian in origin, Kannada has been high influenced on Sanskrit., According to some scholars, its early literature dates back with 5th century A.D., a. adverbial mistake to be corrected., b. preposition to be corrected., Ans: a. highly, b. by, 270. Swami rise silently and tiptoed to his bed in the passage; Granny was sitting, up in her bed and remarked, “Boy are you already feeling sleepy? Don’t you, want to here a story?”, a. tense form to be corrected., b. spelling mistake to be corrected., Ans: rose, b. hear., , Forms of Words (parts of Speech), Verb, , Noun, , Adjective, , Adverb, , act, amazed, amuse, appreciate, , action, act, amazement, amusement, appreciation, , active, amazing, amusing, appreciative, , actively, amazingly, amusingly, appreciatively, , astonished, attract, authorise, believe, bonded, brief, clear, compare, completed, compose, , astonishment, attraction, authority, belief, believer, bond, brevity, clarity, comparison, completion, composer, , astonishing, attractive, authoritative, believable, bonded, bonding, brief, clear, comparative, complete, composed, , astonishingly, attractively, authoritatively, believably, bonding, briefly, clearly, comparatively, completely, composedly

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reflect, regarded, relate, relate, relate, remedied, respond, restrict, , reflection,, reflectiveness, regard, relation, relativity, relevance, relationship, remedy, response, restriction, , revere, secure, sophisticate, specify, , reverence, security, sophistication, specifcation, , speeded, sped, spirited, stressed, stylized, sufce, symbolise, , speed, spirit, stress, style, sufciency, symbol, , systematize, , system, , tasted, tensed, think, tortured, trimphed, unsustained, vary, visualise, warmed, wondered, , taste, tastefulness, tension, thought, torture, triumph, unsustainance, variation, variety, vision, visionary, warmth, wonder, , reflective, , reflectively, , regardful, relative, relevant, relative, remedial, responsive, restrictive,, restricted, reverential, secured, sophisticate, specifc,, specifable, speedy, spiritual, stressful, stylish, sufcient, , regardfully, relatively, relavantly, relatively, remedially, responsively, restrictively, , symbolic,, symbolical, , systematic,, systemic, tasty, tasteful, tensed, thoughtful, torturous, triumphant, unsustainable, various, visual, warm, wonderful, , reverentially, securely, sophistically, specifcally, speedily, spiritually, stressfully, stylishly, sufciently, symbolically, systematically, tastefully, tensely, thoughtfully, torturously, triumphantly, unsustainably, variedly, visually, warmly, worderfully, , Same word used as Noun and Verb., 1. Conduct:, 2. Question:, 3. Contest:, Dasara., 4. Permit:, build a, , Noun, Verb:, Noun, Verb, N, , ------, , His conduct is not good., He conducts dance classes in the evening., All the questions are easy., He questioned his father about the science., Drawing contest was held on the occasion of, , V, N, , --He contested in the speech competition., -- The Chief Ofcer gave a permit/permission to, house.

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peacock., 5. Increase:, onion., 6. Lock, 7. Insult, insult, , 8. Load, lorry., 9. Answer, 10., , V, , -- No one is permitted to kill our national bird-, , N, V, , -- there is short increase in the price of onion., -- The shop owner increased the price of the, , N, V, N, , -- he put a big lock to the door., -- He locked the door before leaving the, -- My friend failed in the selection, it is a great, , V, N, V, , for him., --Rajesh insulted his friend Harish., -- The workers put the load of books in the lorry., -- The workers loaded the bundles of books into, , N, -- His answers are not satisfactory., V, -- He answered all questions correctly., Present N, -- She brought her a new present., V, -- She presented the gift of 2 books., Sita presented (v) a present (n) to her friend Laimi in her, , marriage., 11., situation., , Progress: N, , -- There is no progress in flood, , V, , -- Last year students did not progress much in, , Object, , N, , V, Suspect, , -- He objected his decision in the court of law., N, -- My neighbor is the main suspect in, , V, , -- the police suspected my neighbor in the murder, , Refll, V, Limit, V, , N, -- he brought 2 reflls for his pens., -- He reflled the gas cylinder., N, -- The speed limit is 60 kms., --There is no limit score mark., -- Population growth limits the progress of the, , Score, V, , N, -- His score in mathematics is 73., -- He scored 95 marks in Kannada., , English., 12., lung., 13., the murder case., case., 14., 15., , country., 16., , -- The doctor detected an object in the

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Letter Writing- 5 marks, STEPS OF LETTERS, Personal Letter :, 1. From [Your address and date], 2. Salutation, 3. Body of the letter, 4. Complimentary closing / Subscription, 5. To address, Ofcial Letters :, 1. From [Your address and date], 2. To, address, 3. Salutation (Usually... Sir / Madam), 4. Subject, 5. Body of the letter [Thanking you.], 6. Complimentary closing (Usually... Yours faithfully), , 1., , The Traditional format (Personal), 12, Station Road,, Ranebennur, Karnataka., 10th August, 2015, My Dear / Dear ..................., ..............................................................................................................................., ...................................................................................................................................., ...................................................................................................................................., ...................................................................................................................................., ...................................................................................................................................., ................., Yours sincerely,, Darshan, , To Address, Rangappa M, II Cross, Opp: Water Tank, Main Road., Davangere

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2. Western style or Box-type format (Personal), 12, Station Road,, Ranebennur, Karnataka., 10th August, 2015, My Dear / Dear ..................., ..............................................................................................................................., ........................................................................................................................................., ........................................................................................................................................., .........................................................................................................., Body of the letter, ...................................................................................................................................., ........................................................................................................................................., ........................................................................................................................................., ..........................................................................................................., , Yours sincerely,, Darshan, To Address, Rangappa M, II Cross, Opp: Water Tank, Main Road., Davangere, , Ofcial Letters – Model (Box format), Write a letter to your class teacher asking him/her 3 days leave to attend, the marriage function of your sister., Rajesh H V, 10th Class, TLR Chakrasli, Govt. High School,, Kunchooru, Date 10h August, 2015, The Class Teacher,, 10th Class, TLR Chakrasli, Govt. High School,, Kunchooru, Sir / Madam,

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Subject : For granting three days leave., I am unable to attend the classes on 27th, 28th, and 29th of August 2015. I have to, attend the marriage function of my sister. The marriage is on 28th of August. The, marriage is in Shivamogga. All my relatives are attending that function. So I wish to, join with them. Please, grant me three days leave on 27th, 28th, and 29th of August, 2015., Thanking you,, Your obedient student,, Rajesh H V, Personal Letters – Model (Traditional Format), Imagine you are Geeta / Girish of Govt High School. Kunchooru and write, a letter to your father asking Rs. 500/- for your school tour/ excursion by, using the given clues., Clues :- (about your health - time of your studies performance in tests - places of, tour and their importance - your regards at the end), Girish, Room No. 21, Sarada Hostel,, Davangere., Date : 10: 08:2015, Dear Father,, I am well here with the grace of God. I am studying hard. This year I try to get good, marks. Here I am attending the classes regularly, I hope all is well there, How are, you ? How is mother and brother?, Our school has conducted a tour to Historical places of Northern Karnataka. They, are, Badami, Aihole, Pattadakal, Kudalsangama, Bijapur, etc. They are historically, important. Our visit to these places helps us in our studies. All friends have already, given their names, I want to join with them. So, please send me Rs. 500 through MO., Convey my high regards to mother, and my blessings to younger brother, Raju., Your loving son,, Girish, To,, Rudrappa Banakar., House No. 321,, Main Road, Kunchur.

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1. Imagine that you are Swetha/ Vinay studying in X standard, Govt. High School,, Haveri., Write a letter to your friend about your Preparation for the annual eiamination., OR, Write a letter of request to The Depot manager to start new bus to your village,, give suitable reasons., 2. Imagine that you are Vivek /Roopa studying in X standard, Govt. High School,, Ranebennur. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to your birth day., OR, Write a letter to The Chief Engineer, KPTCL Ranebennur to provide adequate, supply of electricity., 3. Imagine that you are Swetha / Vinay studying in X standard, Government. High, School, Shimogga Write a letter to your friend about ‘annual day celebration’ in, your school, OR, Write a letter of request to The Presisent Grama Panchyat to provide pure, drinking water to your village, give suitable reasons., 4. Imagine that you are Radha/Akash studying in X standard, Govt. High School,, Haveri., Write a letter to your friend about your performance in series eiam. OR, Write a letter to the president Gram Panchyat to repair roads leading to your, village., 5. Imagine that you are Raghu / Ratna studying in X standard, Maruti High School., Mysore,, Write a letter to your friend about the celebration of Independence Day in your, school., OR, Write a letter of request to The Director, KMF Dharwad to start new diary in, your village,, 6. Imagine that you are Deepa / Ramesh of Government high school, Makanur., Write a letter to your class teacher requesting him/her for granting three days, leave to attend the marriage function of your sister. OR, Write a letter to your father asking him rupees 500 for your school eicursion., 7. Imagine that you are Krishna/ Parimala of Govt high school. Ranebennur and, write a letter your uncle thanking for sending a gift to your birthday. OR, Write a letter to your school headmaster to asking him/her to provide fnancial, assistance for your study., 8. Imagine that you are Kiran/ Kavita of Govt high school. Mandya, write a letter to, your friend inviting him/her to your village to spend ‘annual vacation. OR, Write a letter to the president Z P to start a new library in your village.

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9. Imagine that you are Kavita / Prakash of Govt high school. Harapanahalli and, write a letter your friend inviting to your village to spend ‘Dasara Holiday” OR, Write a letter to the local authority complaining about the dumping of garbage, nearby your school, 10., Imagine that you are Pratima/ Shivanda of Govt high school. Shivamogga, and write a letter your uncle inviting him to your School annual gathering, function. OR, Write a letter to the CEO (Chief Eiecutive Ofcer) of Zilla Panchyat about “the, programmes taken as part of ‘Swchacha Bharat Abhiyan” in your school., , Completing the Paragraph/Story -- 3 Marks, 1. Write a paragraph using the following clues, A student Vasant -- irregular -- headmaster --advised -- not listened -- more irregular -failed in eiamination -- realized mistake -- neit year -- studied -- passed in I class., Answer: A student called Vasanth was studying in X class in a high school. He was, not attending the classes regularly. He was irregular. The head master advised him to, attend the classes regularly. He eiplained the importance of education. But he did not, listen to the headmaster. Instead he was more irregular. He failed in the eiamination., All his friends passed and joined to colleges. Then Vasanth realized the importance of, ‘regular and hard work’. He remembered the words of the head master. Neit year he, studied hard and passed in I class., 2. Imagine you have visited a place of your choice recently. Based on it,, Write a paragraph using the clues:, We -- friends --forest--peacocks--elephants-hill--stream flowing -- sunset -- jumped, -- joy--danced--returned ---evening., Answer:- I went to Shimmoga to meet my friend Rajesh. We friends, decided to go to, picnic. We went to the Agumbe forest. The forest was full of birds, animals and, waterfalls. We saw many peacocks and elephants. They were very beautiful to look at., There were streams flowing out of hills and created waterfalls. We witnessed the, sunset. It was very beautiful. We jumped and danced with joy and returned home in, the evening., 3. Read the Paragraph and develop a paragraph using the clues:, An old woman ----greedy ----a goose lying a golden egg everyday ----sold earned her, livelihood. ------not contented all of a sudden rich-----thought of hundreds of golden, eggs in its stomach -----killed -------got only -----one -----moral., Answer:- Once upon a time there lived an old woman. She reared a goose. That, woman was greedy . Goose laid Daily one ‘golden egg’. She sold it and got money., Thus she got money for her livelihood. But she was not contented / satisfed. Suddenly, she wanted to become rich. She thought of hundreds of golden eggs in its stomach., So killed the goose to get those ‘golden egg’ but she got only one. Thus she lost her, goose. Moral is Haste is Waste OR Satisfy by what you get / have.

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4. A silly cricket - sings all the summer - does not store food - dying of hunger in, winter - goes to an ant - begs for food - ant refuses - remarks - dance all the winter moral., Once upon a time there lived a young cricket. He did not store food in spring., Instead he spent his time in singing and dancing. Winter started, the ground was wet, and covered with snow. His cupboard was empty. He thought that he would die of, starvation. (G¥ÀªÁ¸À), The cricket at last went to an ant and begged him to lend some food. The ant, asked the cricket what he was doing in summer and spring. The cricket replied that he, sang in summer and spring. The ant said, "We ants neither borrow nor lend". Ant, asked the cricket, "Go, sing and dance in the winter too"., Moral:- Preserve / save for the future., 5. A farmer - three sons - always quarrel - decides to teach them a lesson - gives, them a bundle of sticks to break - none could break, advises them to untie the bundle, and break - could break the sticks - moral., A farmer had three sons. They didn't work in the feld. They wasted their time and, energy in quarrelling. Their father advised but had no efect on them. When the, farmer was in his death bed, he made a plan and wanted to teach them a lesson. He, gave a bundle of sticks and asked them to break it. All tried but failed to break the, bundle. The farmer asked them to untie the bundle and break. Sons untied the bundle, and broke the sticks. Then farmer advised "United you stand; divided you fall"., Moral :- Unity is strength., 6. An ant – fell into a river notable come out- A bird saw- leaf- dropped climbed- the, wind drove- the banks- saved thanked- a hunter- catch the bird- at saw- its friendsbiting hunter- ran away- saved- thanked., Ans: An ant fell into a river. It was notable come out. A bird saw this. It took a leaf and, dropped it near the ant. The ant climbed on to the leaf. The wind drove the leaf to the, banks of the river. The ant was saved. The ant thanked the bird. One day a hunter, came to catch the bird. The ant saw this. It called all its friends. All the ants bit the, hunter. He ran away in fear. The bird was saved. The bird thanked the ants., 7. an ant –walking—stream----fell-----a dove saw it-----pity ----gave leaf ---the ant, climbed----another day---hunter---aimed at ---ant --- bit –leg – missed the aim--hunter, ran away—dove thanked. Moral., Ans: Once an ant fell into a stream. In vain it tried to catch hold of a leaf or twig to, save itself. It was carried along the stream. A dove was watching the ant from the, branch of a tree. Out of pity it let fall a leaf into the stream. The ant climbed upon the, leaf and was saved another day, a hunter took aim at the same dove with his gun. The, dove knew nothing about this hunter; but the ant saw him. It knew that the dove was, in danger. It quickly came to the hunter and bit his toe. The hunter missed his aim and, the dove flew away. That was how the grateful ant did good turn to the kind dove., Moral: A friend in need is a friend indeed., 8. a king---ill----doctors ----wear –happy man’s shirt------searched-----fnally ----beggar--singing----happy---brought before the king----beggar said ---I have no shirt., Ans: Once a king became seriously ill. The doctors said that he could be well again if, he wore the shirt of a perfectly happy man. The king sent his men all over to fnd a, perfectly happy man. They could not fnd one. After a weary search, they came upon, a begger. He was singing. He was laughing. He was perfectly happy. He was brought, before the king. The doctors asked him to give his shirt to the king. He laughed and, said,” I have no shirt at all.”, 9. The mice---afraid of cat----decided to teach lesson---decided to bell the cat--- but, who will bell the cat---no one came forward---failed cat appeared and all mice ran, away.

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Ans: Once the mice living in a certain house were very much afraid of a cat, for it, killed and ate many of them. They held a meeting to decide how to get rid of the, nasty cat. One mouse said that they should leave the house. Another said that they, should not come out of their holes. Then a young mouse stood up and said, “Why not, tie a bell round the cat’s neck? We can then hear it coming, and get away easily out of, its way.” All the mice cheered, “What a good plan!” Now an old mouse stood up and, said, “The plan is, no doubt, very good, but who will bell the cat?” No mouse now, came forward to do it. Suddenly the cat appeared and all the mice ran into their holes., 10. In a village---a clever elephant –river nearby—go for bath daily—passing a tailor, shop---banana daily. One day not give banana—pricked with needle---- elephant angry, ---came with muddy water—sprayed- shop –dirty—repented., Ans: Once in a village, a clever elephant was living. Daily the elephant goes for a bath., On its way to the river there was a tailors’ shop. Daily the tailor gives it a banana., Elephant was also happy. But one day the tailor did not give it a banana he pricked its, trunk with a needle. It hurt. So the elephant was very clever it brought muddy water, in its trunk and sprayed it to his shop. The whole shop became muddy and dirty. The, tailor took more time to clean it. Now he repented for his deed. The moral is, do not harm, animals. Make friendship with them., , *******, , Unseen Passages -- 04 Marks (2+2 OR 1X4), NOTE: These are models of unseen passages. You may get any other, unseen passages in the examination. See other passages and practice, them., 1. Read the following passage and answer the questions, Once there was a man who was blind. He wished to see the whole world with his, own eyes. One day his friends took him to Jesus. They said to Jesus “lord , this is, our friend and he is blind. Please enable him to see.” Jesus took the blind man to, a quiet place, away from the crowd, and touched his eyes gently. Jesus asked him,, “can you see now?”But he could only see a few movements. Jesus gently touched, his eyes again. Now he could see everything: flowers , birds, trees, people and all., he shouted in happiness, “Lord , I can see, I can see ! ” he knelt down before, Jesus and thanked him heartily., Questions, 1. What was the blind man’s wish?, 2. How did Jesus touch his eyes? What happened then?, 3. Who took the blind man to Jesus? What was their request?, 4. How did the blind man thank Jesus?, Answers:, 1. The blind man wished to see the whole world by his own eyes.

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2. Jesus gently touched his eyes. Then the blind man was able to see everything in, the world ., 3. His friends took him to Jesus. They requested Jesus to grant their blind friend, eyesight., 4. The blind man with happiness, knelt down before Jesus and, thanked him, heartily., 2. Read the following passage and answer the questions, June 2015, The great saint Teresa wished to have a torch in her right hand and a vessel of, water in her left so that with the one ,she might burn the glories of heaven ,and, with the other, eitinguish the fres of hell ,and men might learn to serve God, from love without fear of hell and without the temptation of heavenly bliss., Questions, 1. Who is the paragraph about?, 2. What was saint Teresa’s message to humanity?, 3. There are words which are apposite to each other. Pick and write two pairs of, word., 4. Why did she hold a torch in her right hand?, Answers:, 1. The paragraph is about the great saint Mother Teresa., 2. Men might learn to serve God from love without fear of hell and without the, temtation of heavenly bliss., 3. Right and left,, heaven and hell, burn and eitinguish., 4. She held a torch in her right hand to burn the glories of heaven., 3. Read the following passage and answer the questions -March 2015, Preparatory Exam., One day Pasha Saab was walking along the road. He stopped near a tall tree, and saw a monkey on it. It was eating mango. The tree was full of mangoes. Pasha, was very hungry. The fruits were very high up in the tree. So he couldn’t get them., He picked up a stone and threw it at the monkey. The monkey got angry and, chattered at him. Pasha threw another stone. The monkey grew angry. Pasha, continued the throwing of stones. The monkey picked up a nut and started, throwing at Pasha. This went for a long time. He got a bag full of nuts. Pasha, thanked the monkey, and said, “Thank you very much My dear Monkey” He ate the, man goes and satisfed his hunger.., Questions, 1. What did Pasha see on the tall tree?, 2. How did the monkey eipress its angry?, 3. Why couldn’t Pasha get the mangoes on his own?, 4. How did Pasha eipress his gratitude to the monkey?, Answers:, 1. Pasha saw a monkey sitting on the tall tree., 2. The monkey eipressed its angry by chattering at him., 3. Because the tree was tall. Mangoes were very high up in the tree., 4. Pasha thanked the monkey, and said, “Thank you very much my dear Monkey”, 4., One hot summer day, a lion was lying fast asleep under a shady tree in the, forest. A little mouse happened to pass that way. He ran across his body and woke, him up. The lion got angry and caught him with his paw. He was about to kill him, when the mouse began to beg for mercy. He said, “O king of the forest, forgive me, and spare my life. I might be able to pay back for your kindness someday”. The lion, laughed and let it go.

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A few days later, a lion was caught in a hunter’s net. He began to roar loudly. He, tried to free himself but in vain. The mouse, whose life he had spared, heard his roar., He at once ran to the place where the lion was roaring. He bit the ropes of the net, with his sharp teeth and set the lion free. The lion thanked the mouse., Questions, 1. Why did the lion get angry with the mouse?, 2. How did the mouse help the mouse?, 5. Swami Vivekananda was born to Vishwanath Datta and Bhuvaneswari Devi in, Calcutta on Monday, 12 January 1863. His childhood name was Narendranath Datta, or simply Naren. The Datta family was rich, respectable, and renowned for charity,, learning, and a strong spirit of independence. Vishwanath Datta was an attorney-atlaw in the Calcutta High Court. He was profcient in English and Persian languages., Bhuvaneswari Devi was a pious woman. She was deeply religious. Narendranath was, an all rounder. He could sing well. He was good at sports and had a ready wit. He, liked to meditate. He would get lost in his thoughts about God., Questions., 1. Who were the parents of Swami Vivekananda? How was the Datta family?, 2. “Narendranath was an all rounder”, give reasons., 6., Many years ago Eskimos did not have permanent homes. They wandered from, place to place and then settled down for some time. Their main occupations were, fshing and hunting. They caught whales, sharks, seals and the fsh that are found is, the icy waters of the North Pole. They also hunted animals that are found in the, Polar Regions. When they did not get any more food, the Eskimos shifted their, residence to another area. They did very little cooking. Their main items of food, were fsh and meat. It was never cooked. They preferred to eat it raw., Questions:, 1. Why did the Eskimos wander from place to place?, 2. What do say about their hunting?, 7., The tenth flm festival for children and young people opened on November, 14, at Hyderabad. The popular American flm ‘Babe’ was shown on the frst day and, everyone enjoyed the flm. On the second day a European flm named ‘Star kid’ was, screened. Some of the Indian flms shown were ‘Dak ghar’ (Hindi), Ganga bhavani, (Telugu) Abhayam (Malayalam) Mudhalia (Tamil) and Lawanya preeti (Oriya). In all,, 131 flms from over 30 countries were screened. The money collected from the, festival is to be used for helping poor children., Questions:, 1. Name the flms which were shown at the Tenth Film Festival., 2. What will the organizers do with the money collected from the festival?, 8., Peter is from Portugal. He lives with his parents in Lisbon in an old house by the, sea. The house is not big but he likes it very much. There are three bedrooms, upstairs; one for his parents, one for his sister and one for him. The bathroom and the, living room are downstairs. In the living room there is a lovely freplace. Neit to the, living room is the kitchen. The kitchen is not modern but they have a new washing, machine. In the evening, all the members of the family sit in the living room to watch, TV and have dinner. At the back of the house there is a small but very beautiful, garden with diferent plants and flowers. His father likes to spend his free time there., Pedro likes to spend most of his time at home in his bed room. It’s also his study room, where he has a desk and a stereo. He loves his room because he can see the sea from, the window. It’s a fantastic view.

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Questions:, 1. How was the house of Peter?, 2. Where does Peter’s father like to spend his free time?, 9., Charlie Chaplin was born on 16th April at Kennington in London. At an early age., Charlie performed on stage with his father and brother. Sydney, By the age of eight,, Charlie chapline was already a seasoned stage performer. His skill as a comedian, developed under the guidance of Fred Karno. He become a world famous comedian, and he is liked by all the people of world., Questions:, 1. How do say “Charlie Chaplin was a born actor?”, 2. Why do the people of the world like Charlie Chaplin?, 10. After his return from Africa, Gandhiji founded an ashram in Gujarath. The, ashram was open to all people, provided they were prepared to lead a simple life and, work with their hands. Gandhiji encouraged people to spin their own cloth. In those, days some people were considered to be untouchables as they belonged to lower, castes. Gandhiji admitted there people into his ashram, lived with them and ate with, them. He called them "Harijans' which means 'people of God'. He said that all men are, mode equal by God and there should be no diferences., Questions:, 1. What did Gandhji found after his return Africa?, 2. How did Gandhiji try uplift the untouchables ?, , ******, , SUMMARY OF THE POEMS -- 3 OR 4 Marks, 1. GRANDMA CLIMBS A TREE., The poem ‘Grandma Climbs A Tree’ is written by Ruskin Bond. The poem describes, about a grown up woman behaving in childish way. The poet’s mother was in a habit, of climbing the tree very quickly. She continued that habit up to her old age. She had, learnt climbing from her brother. she climbed the tree even at the age of 62. When, she was advised to grow old gracefully. She cheerfully replied that she would rather, grow old disgracefully., She felt happy on tree top rather in the lift. As years passed she was advised to, stop climbing the tree. But she did not listen to. One day she was in town she climbed, the tree but fell down. She was seriously injured and consulted the doctor. The doctor

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advised her to take rest for a week. She felt that as it was a terrible punishment to, her. Spending the time in her bedroom was like a brief season in hell. She kept quiet, till she felt stronger. After a week in rest she called his son without hesitation she, asked him to build a cabin/ room on top of the tree. Her son built a cabin on the treetop. She moved towards the tree-house. She stayed and enjoyed there. Her son, occasionally went there and drank sherry with her. She was very happy on top of the, tree., 2. QUALITY OF MERCY, The poem ‘Quality of Mercy’ is written by William Shakespeare. Here the poet, describes the great quality Mercy and its greatness. He compares the mercy to the, drops of gentle rain which comes from heaven. As the rain drop touches the earth, gently. Mercy is twice blessed. The quality of Mercy is benefted to both who gives and, who receives. The poet compares the power of the king with the power of mercy,, mercy is the mightiest of the mightiest because the scepter shows the force of, temporal power. But mercy is enthroned in the heart of kings. It is an attribute to god, himself when mercy temper justice the earthly power shows like the god’s attribute., 3. I AM THE LAND, This poem is written by Marina de Bellagenta, an Italian poet. The poem tells about, the patience of the earth. It is called the ‘earth mother’ How man is destroying this, earth by pollution. Man behaves as if he the owner of this earth. However Nature/, Earth retaliates man through natural calamities. This poem eipresses, how man, destructive towards earth, even it remains patient. It looks at with the muddy holes, and car lot eyes at the people who ploughs, man fght for land ferce with chain. Some, plant trees, children play. We pollute the earth but it remains silent. At the end of the, poem, ‘earth itself challenges the man by declaring that no one is able to fence, around the planet earth. Earth mocks at the people who fght for owning it’., 4. THE SONG OF INDIA, The poem “The Song of India” was written by V.K.Gokak. The poem is like a, dialogue between Mother India and the poet. In this poem the poet wants to present, glorious picture of the past and also wishes to paint India’s natural beauty., As Indians we can rightly be proud of our country’s natural beauty, Its Rich, cultural heritage, its ancient wisdom, its glorious freedom struggle and its industrial, progress. As the same time we should not ignore the numerous ills afecting our, motherland Like Poverty disease, environmental degradation, ignorance, illiteracy,, unemployment, caste, and class conflicts and a hundred forms of eiploitation. We, should try to eradicate them as far as possible., As poet said our mother India has to write the book of our destiny, cancelling all our, sorrow. Tomorrow should be clear dawn.. Our nightmare should fled in the night. We, have to write our bright future., , 5. JAZZ POEM TWO, Like the Ancient Mariner in Coleridge’s poem. the Jazz musician feels he has a, message for the people of the world. He is a pathetic fgure. But at the same time a, commanding artist. He has the power in him to make people listen, a gift that not, many possess. He is silent in speech but eloquent in music., With his saiophone tells the world that he is a black man who was sent to the, world to preach the Black Gospel of Jazz with screaming notes and chords he says, that he is no longer a man or a Black Man but a bird who gathers his wings and flies, higher and higher. The poet gives the message that the black man becomes a bird in, order to keep his people happy with eloquent music and to make the people to feel

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happy and to forget worries. Though the black man is ugly in all respects, he keeps, others happy by his sweet music., 6. BALLAD OF THE TEMPEST, The poet James T Fields emphasis the truth that the faith in the Almighty is the, solution for all problems through his poem ‘Ballad of the Tempest’. ‘Fortune favors the, brave’ is an often quoted statement. But here the poet says that faith in god is, supreme than that., It was a midnight in winter and all sailors in the crowded cabin were hearing the, roar of the hungry sea. They shuddered in silence eipecting a shatter by the blast. As, they were sitting in the darkness each one was busy with prayers., When the captain lost his hope and cried ‘we are lost’, his little daughter took his, icy hand and whispered “God is there even upon the seas as the same on land”. After, sometime everything came to normal. The crew mates kissed the maiden who spoke, cheerfully that the ship is safe at the shore. A faith in Almighty saves or gives courage, to face any peril., 7. THE BLIND BOY, In the poem ‘The Blind Boy’ the poet Colley Cibber” eiplains the curiosity of the, persons who are visually impaired. The blind boy who is the speaker of the poem, wants to know about the wondrous things. We see around us the beautiful scene of, sun rise and sun set. He says that he cannot diferentiate day and night since he is, always in darkness .When he is awake and plays. it is day for him. But he does not like, the people those who sighs and mourn for him, he is sure and content about his loss, and he says that he does not want to destroy his cheer of mind. He also says that he, is happier than any other person who is blessed with vision. Since he is not having a, version of the darker state of the world., 8. OFF TO OUTER SURFACE TOMORROW MORNING, Norman through his poem “Of to outer space tomorrow morning” reveals the, feelings of a person who is going to be lonely. The speaker of the poem says that his, friends could have a last look of him and cross out him and cross out his name for the, telephone book. Since he is going to the outer space where he would be eiperiencing, a solitary confnement as complete as any goal., He says that he couldn’t need a calendar or a clock. Since day and night would be, on a switch. There he eipects him as the sun and the tea cups as the planets as the, result of lack gravity. But he would be a shooting star which could track through a, telescope., The rocket would take him across galaiies at a height of twenty hundred light, years. Later every soul on the earth could go and eiplode in anger., , *********, , PROFILE WRITING – 3 Marks, 1. Given below is the profile of Dr.Ravishankar. Write a paragraph using the, given clues below:,  Age :, 40 years.,  Qualifcation :, M.B.B.S.

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Place of work :, Shivamogga., Height & weight :, 5.5" & 60kg., Hobbies :, Gardening, listening music, reading books & collecting, coins.,  Reasons for popularity :, Works round the clock – special attention to poor –, always cheerful, – clean hand –liked by the patients.,  Awards :, Dhanwantri award, best citizen award., Ans: Dr.Ravishankar is a good doctor. His age is 40 years. His qualifcation is, M.B.B.S. His place of work is Shivamogga. His height is 5 feet 5 inches. His weight is, 60 kg. His hobbies are gardening, listening music, reading books & collecting coins., The reasons for popularity are he works round the clock. He pays special attention to, the poor. He is always cheerful. He is a clean handed person and liked by the patients., His awards are Dhanwantri award and best citizen award., , , , , 2. Below is a profile of Mr. Ramakrishna, the school clerk. Write the, information in the form of a, paragraph., Age :, Around 40 years, Height and weight :, 6 feet, solid built, Family :, small – one male and a female-college –going, Reason for his popularity : helpful, soft spoken, Education :, B.Com graduate, Hobbies :, gardening, bee keeping, coin collection, Ans: Mr Ramakrishna is a school clerk. He is around 40 year old. He is 6 feet tall and, has solid built physique. He is happy with small family. He has two children both are, college going. He is B.Com graduate. His hobbies are gardening, bee keeping and coin, collecting. He is very popular person because he is helpful and soft spoken., , 3. Write a paragraph using the clues given:, Name :, Born :, Died :, Education :, Achievement :, Award:, , Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata, July 29th 1904, November 29th 1993, In France, Japan and England, India’s frst pilot, Chairman of Tata and Sons for 50 years. Launched, India’s frst International Airlines, Bharath Rathna in 1992, , 4. Name :, , Bismillah Khan, , Born :, Died :, Birth Place :, Instrument :, Awards:, , 21st March 1916, 21st August 2006, Bihar, Shehnai, Bharath Rathna Padma Vhibhushan Padma Bhushan Padma Shri, Sangeeth Natak Academy Award, , 5.Name :, , Raja Ramanna, , Born :, Birth Place :, Died :, Career :, Education :, Posts held :, , January 28th 1925, Tumkur, September 24th 2004, Nuclear scientist, Nuclear Physicist, BSc and MSc Madras Christian college PhD., King’s college, London, Chairman II SC President, Indian National Science Academy, Secretary, Defence Research

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Awards :, , Shanthi Swaroop Bhatnagar Award Padma Vhibhushan Padma, Bhushan Padma Sri Meghanad Saha Medal., 6. Name :, Kalpana Chawla, Born :, March 26th 1962, Birth Place :, Tumkur, Died :, In the space shuttle disaster on February 1st 2003, Career :, Astronaut, Education :, M.Sc in Aerospace Engineering PhD in university of Colorado, Posts held :, Scientist in NASA, Awards :, Posthumously awarded congressional Space Medal of honour NASA, Special flight medal NASA distinguished service medal., 7. Given below is a profile of Mr Shivakumar A M An English Teacher write a, paragraph based on the information., Age :, Around 35 years, Qualifcation :, M A , B ed, Height and Weight :, 5.8 ft and 67 kg, Reason for his popularity: More helpful, more friendly and engaged in social work,, Kind - students and lovingly. He eiplains the things patiently, and he teaches Grammar very well in a easy way., Achievement :, 2017 state level best teacher, Awards :, National award and the best teacher award of 2017., Hobbies :, Gardening and writing, reading books and listening music., 8. Given below is a profile of Mr Rajkumar PSI write a paragraph based on, the information ., Age :, Around 40 years, Qualifcation :, B sc , IPS, Height and Weight :, 5.8 ft and 65 kg, Achievement :, 2017 state level best POLICE, Hobbies :, Writing stories , Singing songs., 9. Given below is a profile, the information., Full Name :, Date of birth, age and place:, Age :, Nationality :, Nickname :, Reason for his popularity :, Runs Scored :, Parents name :, Awards :, , of Mr Rahul Dravid write a paragraph based on, Rahul SharadDravid, 11th January, 1973 at Indore, Madya pradesh., Around 44 years, Indian, The wall, Jammy, Mr dependable., Test cricket, 13288 (Test) 10889 (ODI), Sharad Dravid and Pushpa, Padmashri, Padma Bhushan, , Momerising the Poem – 4 marks, Quality of Mercy, - William Shakespeare, The quality of mercy is not strain’d;, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven, Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest:, It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes., 'Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes, , 5

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The throned monarch better than his crown., His sceptre shows the force of temporal power,, The attribute to awe and majesty,, Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings;, But mercy is above this sceptred sway;, , 10, , It is enthroned in the heart of kings;, It is an attribute to God himself;, And earthly power doth then show likest God’s, When mercy seasons justice., , 14, , The Blind Boy, - Colley Cibber, O say what is that thing call’d light,, Which I must ne’er enjoy., What are the blessings of the sight,, O tell your poor blind boy!, , 4, , You talk of wondrous things you see,, You say the sun shines bright;, I feel him warm, but how can he, Or make it day or night?, , 8, , My day or night myself I make,, When’ver I sleep or play;, And could I ever keep awake, With me ‘twere always day., , 12, , With heavy sighs I often hear, You mourn my hapless woe;, But sure with patience I can bear, A loss I ne’er can know., , 16, , Then let not what I cannot have, My cheer of mind destroy :, Whilst thus I sing, I am a king,, Although a poor blind boy., , 20, , Interpretation of the Pictures - 3 Marks., 1. Study the following picture; write in a paragraph of description or an, account of what the, picture suggests to you.

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Answer: There are two pictures here. One is Bangalore before 25 years ago. Second, one is ‘Bangalore now’. There are many diferences here. Before 25 years ago, Bangalore was very beautiful. There were less houses/buildings. Roads were with, fewer vehicles. We could also see green trees and birds fying freely., But now everything has changed in Bangalore. Population explosion, expansion, of cities, more buildings, and pollution is ‘the highlights of present day Bangalore’. So, we should plant more trees, control vehicles and pollution. ”Save Earth and save, Bangalore”, , 2. Study the following picture; write in a paragraph of description or an, account of what the, picture suggests to you., , Answer: Here we see two pictures. One is before independence of India. Second one, is after independence. In 1st picture all people were experiencing the cruel rule of the, British. They did not enjoy any freedom, freedom of speech, no freedom of movement, and joy. Even the Nature/tree is bare / without leaves., In 2nd picture the situation is free. All are dancing, enjoying, singing. They are, free now. Birds are fying freely. Trees are full of green leaves. Freedom is our basic, need. We should enjoy it without harming others., , 3. Study the following picture; write in a paragraph of description or an, account of what the, picture suggests to you.

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Answer: The picture is about; “an accident scene” because of population explosion, and movement of more vehicles causes accidents on roads. One has to take care, while driving on roads. Obey road safety rules., Here a college going girl met with an accident. The passersby and her friends, saw the accident and rushed to help her. Her books are scattered on the road. All are, frightened. The driver is also scared looking at the girl. Her friends give her water and, first aid and call the ambulance take her to the hospital., 4. Study the following signs below; frame the appropriate sentences on each, on them. One example is done for you., , Answer:, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., , Pedestrians are requested to keep of the grass., Please, do not use mobile phones/ requested to turn of your cell phones., Requested not to bring your dogs., Fishing is not allowed here., Visitors are requested to remove your shoes., Do not eat food and use alcoholic drinks., Requested not to smoke/ thank you for not smoking., Put garbage /waste in the dust bins. “keep clean”, , 5. Study the following Trafc signals. Write six to eight sentences explaining, what they say.

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Answer:, 1. No parking., 2. No left U turn., 3. No left turn. / no right turn, 4. Animals zone; go slow, 5. Men at work; go slow, 6. ‘STOP signal., 7. Three colour signals. Red, yellow and red., 8. Lane for Bicycles., 6. This is the family picture of Mr. Ranganath, write a paragraph of 6 to 8, sentences based on what you see., , Answer:, There are six members in the family of Mr.Ranganath. he is living with his wife,, his father and mother and his two children. He is living with his parents. It is a joint, and happy family. Grandfather is reading a newspaper. Grandmother is drinking, tea/cofee. His wife is preparing food in the kitchen. Mr. Ranganath is busy with his, work. He is operating a computer. His son is watching tv. His daughter is playing with, a pet dog. This is a happy family. Living together makes us happy.

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7. Observe the following picture; find out the objects write sentences on, each of them., , Answer :, There are many objects in this picture candle, broom, shoe, cap, bag, flower vase,, photo poster etc., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., , Candle:, Candle is on the cupboard., Broom:, It is by the side of cupboard and used for cleaning., Shoe:, Shoe is lying on the floor., Cap:, Cap is on one leg of the cot., Bag:, Bag is put by the side of the wall., Flower vase:, It is on the table., Posture:, Posture of a scooter is on the wall., Doll:, doll is neit to the bag., Dust bin: it is by the side of the table., , 8. Observe the following pictures of clocks and write sentences on each of, them based on what time they say.

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Answer :, There are sii clocks in this picture. They show diferent time., 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , It, It, It, It, It, It, , is, is, is, is, is, is, , 4 O’clock in the morning. /in the evening., 3O’clock in the afternoon., 6 O’clock in the evening., half past 3 O’clock in the morning./ in the afternoon., 8 O’clock in the morning., quarter past 9 O’ clock in the morning., , 9. Observe the following pictures and write a short paragraph based on, what see., , Answer:, The picture is about animals in the forest. Forests are our natural, resources. Forests are the sources of rain, timber, medicinal herbs and shelter, for animals. Here in this picture we many animals living together. We see, harmony among animals. There are big trees. We see bear, rabbit, fox,, deer/antelope, squirrel, owl, bats, snake….etc. All animals are living together, and show natural balance in the Nature. Man is cutting trees and killing animals., Save forest and save animals., , *******, , ESSAY WRITING – 4 MARKS, Introduction:, Essay writing is an art. The students should master this art from their early, stages of educational career. The importance of essay writing is to eipress our ideas,, thoughts, and feelings. It is an important type of composition. We can compose an, essay on any subject. The Oiford Dictionary defnes 'essay' as a literary composition,, usually in prose on a particular subject. The word 'essay' literally means 'an attempt'., It is an attempt to write a piece of composition on any subject, usually in prose., Francis Bacon was the frst essayist in English. He wrote his essays on the model, of the French essayist Montaigne. Actually the word 'essay' has been derived from the, French word 'assay' which means'an attempt'. Dr. Johnson defned the essay as "a, loose sally of mind".

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You can write an essay on any topic, ranging from kings to kites. A student, should choose only that topic about which he has already known. He should not, choose a subject about which he has no knowledge. "Practice makes man perfect"., The students must practise essay writing, keep in touch with the subject and write an, essay in systematic and logical manner., The Style of Writing, The use of simple words is the best and efective style of writing an essay. Don't, use difcult words. The language used should be simple and idiomatic. Write small, sentences, so that you can write grammatically correct sentences. Use appropriate, quotations where ever necessary. Essay is an attempt of self-eipression. So use, original and natural language., Three Elements of Essay, 1. Information : You must collect all necessary information on the topic of your, choice. ªÀiÁ»w ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÉ, 2. Arrangement : The collected information should be arranged and presented in, paragraphs., , ¸ÀAUÀ滹zÀ ªÀiÁ»wUÀ¼À ºÉÆAzÁtÂPÉ., , 3. Language : Eipress your ideas in simple style and language. ¸ÀgÀ¼ÀªÁzÀ ¨sÁµÉ, , G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¹., Parts of an Essay, 1. Introduction., 2. Body of the essay., 3. Conclusion., 1. The introduction should be direct and to the point. It should be attractive and, catchy. It must attract the reader and direct him towards the theme of your essay., Begin your essay with quotations and proverbs., 2. The body of the essay must be divided into a convenient number of paragraphs., Each paragraph should have one important idea of our argument. Each paragraph, should lead to another paragraph. Present your main idea in the body of essay., Analyse your point of view regarding the subject., 3. End your essay with a conclusion. It must give a fnishing touch to your argument., The conclusion should be natural, not abrupt. Conclude essay with your point of, view towards your argument., Points to remember :,  Choose the topic for your essay carefully; never choose the topic about which, you have no clear ideas.,  Jot down your points or ideas before starting an essay.,  Beginning and ending of an essay are very important, so give them special, attention.,  The introduction should be direct and to the point. The conclusion should also, be quite convincing and natural.,  Put down main ideas in separate paragraphs. Don't give number to the, paragraphs.,  Avoid the use of difcult words. Do not fll your essay only with quotations or, facts and fgures but use them where ever necessary. It shows your lack of, eiperience.,  Write in a beautiful and legible handwriting.,  The points should be developed in a systematic order.,  There is no strict rule regarding the length of the essay. But if the limit of words, is given in the eiaminations, follow it.,  Revise your essay after completion to correct grammatical mistakes, if any.,  Avoid such eipressions like I think, in my opinion etc. Instead, write, it is, generally considered, in the opinion of a majority of people etc. The 'frst, person' should not be used unless it is required.

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Some Topics for essay, 1. National symbols., 2. National festivals and their importance., 3. Independence Day celebration., 4. Mass media., 5. TV - A Source of Knowledge., 6. Radio - Its uses., 7. The role of Newspapers., 8. Uses of Computer., 9. Population Growth., 10., Advantages of small family., 11., Environmental pollution, 12., Importance of forests / Save forest and save the Earth., 13., Unity in Diversity., 14., Health is wealth., 15., Haste is waste., 16., Smart Phones., 17., Swachacha Bharat Abhiyana., 18., Ban on Plastic., 19., Importance of Sports, 20., Advantages of Science., Note: Topics given further are model examples with guidelines and points but you, can add your own points, ideas and can elaborate the essay., 1. National Symbols gÁ¶ÃÖçAiÀÄ a£ÉíUÀ¼ÀÄ, Every nation must have its own symbols. These symbols reflect their ideals,, culture, heritage and life of the people. India has its national symbols. Our national, symbols are National flag, National Anthem, National Emblem, National bird, National, animal, National flower etc., National fag : gÁµÀÖç zsÀéd, Our national flag is the 'tri colour' with three bands, safron (PÉøÀj) at the top,, white (©½) in the middle and green (ºÀ¹gÀÄ) at the bottom. There is a wheel in the, middle. It has twenty-four spokes. It is taken from the Ashoka pillar inscription at, Sarnath. 'Safron' colour stands for valour, sacrifce and courage. White stands for, peace, truth and purity. Green stands for prosperity and green nature. The wheel at, the centre stands for progress of life. It is hoisted during our national festivals,, Independence Day and Republic Day., National Anthem : gÁµÀÖç VÃvÉ, Our national anthem is 'Jana-Gana-Mana' written by Rabindranath Tagore. It, describes India's geography, rivers and mountains., National Emblem : gÁ¶ÃÖçAiÀÄ a£Éí, Four lion-faced fgure is our national emblem. It is the emblem of the Indian, Government. It is printed on our currency notes., Other National Symbols:,  National bird - peacock: £À«®Ä,  National animal - tiger: ºÀÄ°/ªÁåWÀæ,  National flower - lotus : PÀªÀÄ®zÀ ºÀÆ, Our National symbols are our pride. They represent our culture and heritage. So it, is our duty to protect, preserve, and respect these national symbols., 2. National Festivals and Their Importance, , gÁ¶ÃÖçAiÀÄ ºÀ§âUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À ªÀĺÀvÀé, Synopsis - ¸ÁgÁA±À, 1. National Festivals-Independence Day, Republic Day, Gandhi Jayanti, 2. Religious Festivals - Ugadi, Dasara, Deepavali, Christmas, Ramzan, Onam etc.

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3. Role of National festivals in National Integration, 4. How do you celebrate?, 5. Role of students, India is a land of many religions. People celebrate a number of festivals. These, festivals unite people and make them happy. In India people celebrate both religious, and national festivals. Religious festivals are Deepavali, Vijayadashami, Onam,, Christmas, Ramzan etc. These festivals are regional and only particular sections of, people celebrate and participate in these festivals., National festivals are Independence day, Republic day, Gandhi Jayanthi and, Children's day. These festivals are nationalistic in nature. These are celebrated all, over India. All sections of people celebrate and participate in these festivals. On these, days the national flag is hoisted and the national anthem is sung. Cultural, programmes are held in schools and colleges. Many developmental programmes get, launched on these days., Importance:,  These festivals unite people.,  Develop 'co-eiistence' and 'cooperation' among people.,  Bring 'national integration',  Creates patriotism towards our country.,  Learn to respect our national flag and national anthem.,  Remember and respect our national leaders.,  Minimize communal disputes.,  Creates 'universal brotherhood', India is a land of 'unity in diversity'. Celebration of national festivals helps to create, unity among diferent sections of the society., 3. Independence Day Celebration, We celebrate National Festivals in our schools. Independence Day is one among, them. It is an important National Festival. We celebrate this festival on the 15th of, August every year. On that day we get up early in the morning, take bath, wear, uniforms and go to school. As a custom our headmaster hoists our National Flag. Once, it flutters in the air, we salute and sing our National Anthem., We go in a procession after the flag hoisting programme shouting slogans like,, "Bharat Mata ki Jai", "Gandhiji ki Jai". A function is held after the procession. Teachers,, students and headmaster speak on the occasion., The headmaster presides over the function. First, children give speeches. They, remember our national leaders who sacrifced their lives for our freedom. They also, speak about our national symbols and their signifcance. Teachers speak about the, contribution of Gandhiji, Subash Chandra Bose and other nationalists to the freedom, struggle., Students sing patriotic songs. They also sing songs about our national leaders., Dance programmes are held. Many competitions are held and prizes are given in the, function., In his presidential remarks the headmaster advises students to remember the, sacrifce of our national leaders, and asks students to lead a peaceful life. Headmaster, also advises students to give respect to our national symbols. Sweets are distributed, to the children after the function. We return home with unforgettable moments of, Independence Day celebration in our school., 4. Mass Media ¸ÀªÀÄƺÀ ªÀiÁzsÀåªÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, Synopsis - ¸ÁgÁA±À, Mass Media and Communication, 1. Various kinds of Communications- Audio and Visual

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a) Electronic Media: T.V.-Radio-Telephone- Telegraph - Video Fax- News - Printers Internet, b) Print Media: Newspaper - Magazines - Books, Periodicals, c) Causes for rapid growth of Mass Media, 1. Growth of Science and Technology, 2. Awareness among the masses, d) Efects of the expansion of mass media, 1. Educating the People, 2. Current Events, 3. Bringing the world home, 4. Development in the field of science and Technology, 5. General Knowledge, e) Merits : Spread of literacy - Eradication of blind beliefs, Mass Media, Today, there are varieties of means of communication. Telegraph, telephone, telei,, cinema, radio, television, newspaper and magazines are all diferent means of, communication. These help us to keep in contact with the afairs of the world. These, are called 'mass media'. Important among these are television, newspapers, radio and, cinema. In the 21st Century computer internet is also playing an important role as a, means of communication., Cinema is an efective mass media. It is audio-visual aid. It is an important means, of public education. Radio is an important means of public education. Radio is an, audio-aid. It is popular everywhere and transmits messages and programmes to all in, a short time. A variety of programmes on art, agriculture, education are transmitted, through radio., Television is also an efective audio-visual aid. Life is unimaginable without, television. We get all information of the world from television. We also use post and, telegraph, telephone to communicate each other. News paper and magazines are, called print media. Newspapers are the 'watch dogs of democracy'. They give us, news, messages, developmental programmes, health programmes and educative, programmes. Public opinion is eipressed by newspapers., Growth of science and technology made the speedy growth of mass media., Advance technology is used by the media sector. They use internet, fai and other, advanced technology in collecting the news., People are aware of the happenings in and around their places, states. They read, magazines, newspapers and watch television. They go to libraries and enrich their, general knowledge., Today there are many newspapers. Even in villages, people read daily newspapers, and get news. Diferent magazines in all languages also publish news, articles., Magazines are the media of cultural eichange of diferent regions. These mass media, bring social changes, cultural changes. Mass media are very essential like food and, clothing. We cannot live without these mass media. Now the world has become very, small with the help of these mass media., Mass media are used in various developmental programmes like, educating the, people, to provide information regarding current events. They also provide general, knowledge. They are used for the spread of literacy, eradication of blind beliefs., 5. Television - A Source of Knowledge zÀÆgÀzÀ±Àð£À - eÕÁ£ÀzÀ, , DUÀgÀ, Television or TV in short is a wonder of science. Television is an audio-visual and, efective and popular mass media. Television telecasts variety of recreational and, educative programmes. In India television was started in 1959. It transmits (gives), news, current afairs, entertainment, educational programmes, flms, programmes on

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science and technology, agriculture; industry etc. television provides programmes for, all. It reaches even the remote villages. Programmes for farmers have resulted in, better farming methods and increase in production. Educational programme like UGC, programme is very efective. The Discovery channel is a boon tour young generations., The quiz programmes are very popular now. We see news and enhance our, knowledge. Television provides warnings, rain forecasts, and forecasts about natural, calamities., Government makes use of television to eiplain its policies to the people. It, telecasts some programmes 'live'. It transmits live proceedings of Rajya Sabha and, Lok Sabha. It is a source of entertainment and knowledge. We see flms, songs, and, variety of programmes. We learn many things from television. Indian great epics like, Ramayana and Mahabharata were telecast on television. Some people call it as 'an, idiot boi'. It has some demerits. Television provides variety of programmes but, selection of the programmes is very important. Care should be taken in selecting, programmes. Watch television and enrich your knowledge., 6. Radio - its Uses gÉÃrAiÉÆà - CzÀgÀ ªÀĺÀvÀé, Radio is one of the mass media. It plays an important role in shaping the public, opinion. It is also a cheap means of information and entertainment. It is an audible, media. You can take radio any where you go. It was invented by Marconi., Programmes: Radio gives us a variety of programmes representing our culture and, heritage. Radio is liked by all because it broadcasts diferent programmes suitable to, all its listeners. It broadcasts plays, songs, music, speeches, women's programmes,, labourers' programmes, programmes for children, farmers, teachers, students,, political programmes and documentaries, programmes on science and news in, regional languages besides English and Hindi., Radio in Education: In these modern days, radio is playing an important role in, teaching and learning. Now government is providing radios to all schools. Lessons on, English, Mathematics, and Science are prepared by eiperts and broadcasted. 'Keli Kali, PÉý-PÀ°, Chukki Chinna' ZÀÄQÌ-a£Àß programmes for primary students and, 'Bandani' ¨Á£Àݤ for high school students are prominent among these. With the help, of satellites now we are getting good quality programmes. Today many radio stations, are working in India. Some private FM stations are also functioning. If there is no, electricity radio can work on dry battery cells., Thus radio is a friend of the common man. It is portable; you can carry it along with, you. It is a source of information and entertainment. Make the best use of it and get, knowledge., 7. The Role of Newspapers, The meaning of news is information from all four directions, North, East, West and, South. Newspapers are the most efective and powerful among print media. They play, a vital role in shaping and moulding the public opinion. They are also known as 'The, watch dog of Democracy'. They are the sources of information and knowledge. There, are numerous newspapers in India. They are published in all regional and national, languages. They bring daily news on diferent topics covering variety of subjects., 'Mangalore Samachar', was the frst newspaper in Karnataka. Samyukta Karnataka,, Prajavani, Vijay Karnataka, Udayavani and Kannada Prabha are Kannada daily, newspapers., Major English dailies are Deccan Herald, The Hindu, The Times of India and The, Indian Eipress etc. Newspapers are very popular in India. They bring fresh news daily, in the morning. They cover all national news in the front page and local news in the, inner pages. Separate pages are kept for topics like sports, market, economy, science, and technology, entertainment etc. Daily editor writes about important topics of the, day in the 'editorial section'., They publish advertisements too. Diferent companies use this section to advertise, their products. They also publish employment news. They publish government policies

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and programmes. They are the 'linking chain' between the government and the, common people. Even the common people can eipress their thoughts and criticize, government policies., Newspapers play an important role in educating the common man. They help to, raise literacy rate. Today all villages are getting newspapers. Villages are also, becoming aware of the day-today happenings of the world. You can cut and store the, information published in the newspapers and use it whenever you need it., Newspapers make the world smaller and closer. In democracy the will of the people, is important. Newspapers allow common man to eipress his will. So the newspapers, should publish news impartially and bring about social health and co operation., 8. Uses of Computer, Computer is a remarkable invention of modern science. 21st Century is called 'the, age of computers'. Computer was invented by Charles Babbage. It calculates stores,, edits and preserves the data for long periods. Computer is an electronic device which, calculates stores and performs logical functions. Computers are used in many felds., 21st Century is witnessing a 'Computer Revolution'. You can contact and get, information through internet from any parts of the world within no time. Computer is, popular for its speed, accuracy and storage capacity. Today computers are being used, in all felds. Now they are a part and parcel of our life., Uses of computer,  Computers are used in the feld of science and technology.,  Computers are used in scientifc laboratories.,  Computers are used to control satellites.,  They are used in industries.,  Computers are used in heavy industries to operate and control big machines.,  Used in railway stations, airports and bus terminals for ticket reservation.,  Used in Revenue Department.,  Used by geologists to draw maps and study the earth.,  Used in big libraries.,  Information technology is becoming very popular now. Bengaluru is called 'the, IT park of India'.,  Payment of employees of all departments is made through HRMS (online).,  "DqÀÄ, ªÀÄÄlÖzÀ ¸ÉƦà®è ; PÀA¥ÀÆålgï G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀzÀ, , PÉëÃvÀæ«®è"., , Computer in Education:, Computers are playing a vital role in the feld of education. "Computer aided, instruction" is becoming very popular now. Now teachers are using computers instead, of chalk and board in their teaching. Such digital lessons attract the students and, make learning more interesting and efective. In Japan and other advanced countries, students carry only CDs of diferent subjects and learn more with the help of, computers. CDs can store the matter of 800 pages. Through internet services, we, gather information quickly and accurately. Thus the computers are useful in many, ways. The knowledge of computer is very essential for everyone. So computer, education should be made compulsory in schools and colleges., 9. Population Growth d£À¸ÀASÁå ¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉ, Synopsis Population Explosion - Causes - Efects - Remedies, 1. Causes a) High birth rate and low death rate, b) Climate of India, c) Early marriages, d) Illitaracy and superstitious beliefs of the people, e) No proper sex education

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f) Lack of interest among the people, 2. Effects - Scarcity of food, unemployment and many other related problems, 3. Remedies - a) Family Planning b) Population Education - Education of the Masses, c) Role of mass Media - Social service Organizations d) Role of the students, Population Explosion, Increase in the number of people is referred as "Population Eiplosion". Today, India's population is more than130 crore. Now the world is crossing the fgure of 500, crore. Population eiplosion is "The mother of all Problems"., Causes : PÁgÀtUÀ¼ÀÄ, The causes of population eiplosion are as follows,, 1. High birth rate and low death rate :, d£À£À ¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ°è ºÉZÀѼÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄgÀt ¥ÀæªÀiÁtzÀ°è E½PÉ., Development in the feld of medical sciences lowered the death rate and increased, the birth rate. Government has taken all possible measures to control epidemic, diseases like chicken foi, malaria, polio etc. Now the people are getting good, hospital facilities. So the population has increased now., 2. Illiteracy and Superstitious beliefs of the people, d£ÀgÀ C£ÀPÀëgÀvÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄÆqsÀ£ÀA©PÉ, Illiterary of the people leads to blind beliefs. Superstitious beliefs of the people, bring increase in the population. They say, "God will protect and feed all". Male, child will bring them Moksha. They wish for male child and get more female, children., 3. Climate of India. ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ºÀªÁUÀÄt, Climate of India is also favourable for the population eiplosion. There is high, fertility rate in India. Boys/girls in India get early puberty. This is also the cause for, the growth of population., 4. Early marriages. ¨ÉÃUÀ£É ªÀÄzÀĪÉAiÀiÁUÀĪÀÅzÀÄ, Parents marry their children in early ages. They also arrange child marriages. They, get married at the age between 18-25. So naturally they get infants at their early, ages. Widow Remarriages also afect population., 5. No proper sei -education. ¸ÀjAiÀiÁzÀ ¯ÉÊAVPÀ ²PÀët E®è¢gÀĪÀÅzÀÄ, In school and colleges youths have false beliefs about sei. Curiosity, aniiety spoils, their precious time., 6. Lack of interest regarding population eiplosion d£ÀgÀ°è ¤gÁ¸ÀQÛ, Lack of interest among the people to check over population. They do not care for, the development of the country. They only think about themselves. They do not, adopt any family planning programmes. There are no uniform rules, guidelines by, the government. There are no punishments if anybody violates rules., Problems : ¸ÀªÀĸÉåUÀ¼ÀÄ / vÉÆAzÀgÉUÀ¼ÀÄ, "Mother of all problems" J®è ¸ÀªÀĸÉåUÀ¼À d£À¤, Rapidly growing population afects the available facilities and opportunities. This, will afect human needs such as food, shelter, clothing, transportation, healthcare,, education and employment. Population eiplosion leads to over urbanization, results in, overcrowded cities, slums, unhygienic localities and trafc issues., A rapidly growing population puts pressure on land and other natural resources, such as forests and water and overuse of these resources causes deforestation. The, rapid growth of population has adverse efects on economic growth of the country., Over population leads to poverty. Man lags behind in economic growth. Thus the, country too will fall behind in economic growth., Remedies / Suggestions : ¥ÀjºÁgÉÆÃ¥ÁAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, We should,,  encourage people to adopt family planning and eiplain the uses of small family.

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encourage people to treat both boys and girls equally so that they can get only, one child.,  ask them to follow 'one family-one child 'rule.,  suggest them to control birth rate.,  give population education to all.,  ask students to take active role in this regard.,  educate the women / female literacy should be increased.,  give proper health education.,  make use of mass media and educate the people.,  create public awareness regarding the problems of population eiplosion., Thus, "the children of today are the citizens of tomorrow" They should take interest, in controlling population eiplosion. Common man should also take interest. It is the, responsibility of all, then only we can save our earth., , , 10. Advantages of Small Family aPÀÌ PÀÄlÄA§zÀ ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃd£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, A small family means, a family consisting of three or four members. Usually it, includes husband, wife and one or two children. Small family has no problems, compared to a big family. Big families face many problems. Big families cannot, maintain their needs with their low income, such families become poor. The children, of big families do not get proper education. They do not get quality food; even they, sufer from social security. So we need a small family., Advantages of small family :,  Small families can live happily.,  All members get equal opportunities.,  All members get good education.,  All members get quality / nutritious food.,  All members get timely medical treatment.,  Small family provides social security.,  In a small family children get love, care and afection., A small family is a happy family. A happy family can provide good citizens. Now, government has introduced family planning. It is compulsory to adopt small family, norms. India's population is also rising at an alarming speed. Small family system is, very essential for national development. We must follow, 'one family-one child' rule., People should realize that both boys and girls are equal. Small families have many, advantages. So all should follow small family norm., 11. Environmental Pollution ¥Àj¸ÀgÀ ªÀiÁ°£Àå, Topic : Environmental Pollution and Protection, Brief outline - ¸ÁgÁA±À, 1. Environment a) geographical, b) human c) socio-cultural etc., 2. Pollution, a) water, b) air, c) sound d) soil, 3. Causes for Pollution - factories - vehicles - growth of population, 4. Efect of Pollution - diseases - no clean drinking water, efects on our life., 5. Measures to prevent pollution - using safety - aids - cleanliness - education., 6. Environmental Protection - the need of the hour., 7. Role of the Youth in Protecting Environment., a) Mass Agitation, b) Appiko movement, c) environmental education -"Jnana, Vijnana Jaata" d) Aforestation e) Vanamahotsava etc., Environment. The world around us is called environment. It includes temperature,, plant life, animal life, air, water, rainfall, light and heat. In other words, the natural, conditions such as air, water and land in which man lives. Healthy environment gives, healthy life. Life and environment are the two faces of the same coin., Pollution : Man is meddling with Nature. He is rendering the environment useless or, harmful. He is polluting the environment for his selfshness.

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Types of pollution :, 1. Water pollution - d® ªÀiÁ°£Àå, 2. Air pollution - ªÁAiÀÄÄ ªÀiÁ°£Àå, 3. Noise pollution - ±À§Ý ªÀiÁ°£Àå, 4. Soil pollution - ªÀÄtÂÚ£À ªÀiÁ°£Àå, Causes of pollution: ªÀiÁ°£ÀåPÉÌ PÁgÀtUÀ¼ÀÄ, 1. Too much use of the environment/overuse of environment., 2. Destruction of forests/deforestation - results in the decrease of rainfall., 3. Destruction of wild life, 4. Use of pesticides, fertilizers causes soil pollution., 5. Growth of population leads to urbanization and urbanization creates slums and, unhygienic localities., 6. Vehicle engines have not been kept in good condition. They emit more smoke., 7. Factories emit poisonous gases into air and also dangerous chemicals into water., 8. Smoke from the vehicles and factories causes air pollution., 9. Sound from the vehicles and factories causes sound pollution., 10. Unhygienic way of life of people viz- washing, bathing of people and animals, near water ponds, tanks and wells etc. pollute our environment., Effects of Pollution:, The pollution of air and water has resulted in the birth and spread of diseases., Scientists have been fnding out remedies for these diseases. Today the water of the, Ganges is so polluted that it is not safe for drinking. Air pollution is poisoning the, atmosphere. The ozone layer is being destroyed. The ozone layer stops the ultraviolet, rays from entering the atmosphere. Ultra violet rays are harmful to environment and, human beings., Noise pollution is another kind of pollution. A high level of noise is harmful to our, ears and mind. We lose our mental peace; we may lose our hearing capacity by, hearing loud sounds. People in rural areas do not follow any sanitary system. They do, not keep their surroundings clean. This leads unhealthy life., Remedies :, Suggestions to control pollution, ªÀiÁ°£Àå, ¤AiÀÄAvÀætPÉÌ G¥ÁAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ,  Health is wealth. Good health is found in good nature. So keep the environment, clean.,  Keep the water sources like wells, rivers, tanks and lakes clean.,  Keep your vehicles in good condition, to reduce the volume of smoke.,  Factories should use safety measures like chimneys to emit smoke.,  Protect wild life.,  Plant more trees, follow the rule of 'One family, one tree'.,  Educate people in 'civic sanitation'.,  Stringent punishments should be given to law breakers or to those who pollute, the environment.,  Thus the efects of pollution are very harmful. If we want to lead healthy life, healthy environment is necessary. "The children of today are the citizens of, tomorrow". So it our duty to protect and safeguard our environment., 12. Importance of Forests PÁqÀÄUÀ¼À ªÀĺÀvÀé, Synopsis Importance of forest, 1. Forests - Kinds of forests - Natural and Protected., 2. Forests in Karnataka - The Western Ghats, Kodachadri, The Sahyadri Range., 3. Uses of forests., 4. Causes of Deforestation - CgÀtå £Á±ÀPÉÌ PÁgÀtUÀ¼ÀÄ, a) over population., b) increased dependence on forest for diferent activities., 5. Efects of deforestation-

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a) Soil erosion (b) Loss of rain (c) Loss of plant and animal life of forests (d), Greenhouse efect etc., 6. Need for aforestation. CgÀtå ¨É¼ÀªÀtÂUÉ., 7. The role of youth in aforestation - Students' Union, N.S.S., N.C.C and other, organizations., Introduction :, Forests are the sources of many things. They are the life of our environment., Environment includes both living and nonliving organisms. So life and forests are inter, linked and inter dependant. In 1920, 72 % of the land area in India was under forest, but now man has reduced it to only 22 %. Man is meddling with Nature., There are two types of forests. They are natural forests and protected forests., Protected forests are protected and supervised by the government. No one is, permitted to cut the trees. The Western Ghats, Kodachadri, Sahyadri range of forests, are important. These are rich with animals, varieties of trees, herbal plants etc., Over population is the main cause of deforestation. Increase in the number of, people requires basic needs like housing, furniture, wood, fodder etc. Naturally man cuts, the trees for his diferent activities. He clears the forests and converts them into, agricultural land., Advantages / Uses of forests are as follows:, Forests, PÁqÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ,  bring rain. ªÀļÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß vÀgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.,  control soil erosion. ¨sÀÆ ¸ÀªÀPÀ½AiÀÄ£ÀÄß vÀqÉAiÀÄÄvÀÛªÉ.,  Help to maintain 'ecological balance' ¥Àj¸ÀgÀ ¸ÀªÀÄvÉÆî£À,  give 'shelter' to animals and birds. ¥ÁætÂ, ¥ÀQëUÀ½UÉ D±ÀæAiÀÄ,  provide food for people. d£ÀjUÉ DºÁgÀ MzÀV¸ÀÄvÀÛªÉ.,  provide fodder for animals. (ªÉÄêÀÅ),  are the sources of medicinal herbs.,  provide 5 Fs,, 1. food, DºÁgÀ, 2. Fodder, ªÉÄêÀÅ, 3. fertilizers, UÉƧâgÀ, 4. fiber £ÁgÀÄ, J¼É, £ÀÆ®Ä, 5. fuel, EAzsÀ£À,  provide raw material for many industries.,  provide wood for making furniture.,  give charcoal. GgÀĪÀ®Ä,  give oxygen and keep the air clean., Deforestation : CgÀtå £Á±À, What is deforestation ?, Deforestation is the destruction of forests / cutting of trees for man's selfsh, purposes. Aforestation is the opposite of deforestation. Aforestation means planting, of more trees and protection of the forests., Effects of deforestation :,  No forests - no rain. Lack of rain causes famines and droughts.,  Causes soil erosion. Naturally land becomes barren (§AdgÀÄ).,  Wild animals enter villages, cities and (create havoc) trouble people.,  We will not get herbs and raw material for industries.,  It causes threat to ozone layer., What should we do? We should,,  plant more trees.,  not cut trees.,  control population.,  control pollution.,  follow the slogan 'one house-one tree'.,  take care of trees like our children.,  arrange 'Vanamahotsva' programmes in schools and colleges.

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 actively involve students' unions, NSS., NCC. and other organisations., "Indeed trees can survive without man but man cannot live without trees", Trees are living beings. Some trees even today are being worshipped. So now the, government is giving all possible help to protect and preserve forests. We should also, join our hands with the government. Thus we can preserve forests for our posterity., (ªÀÄÄA¢£À d£ÁAUÀ), 13. Unity in Diversity ««zsÀvÉAiÀÄ°è KPÀvÉ, India is a nation of diversities. Among Indians we see diferences in religion,, language, dress and several other matters. But in spite of these diferences the, quality of Indianness unites them. They possess certain mental habits, emotional, responses and virtues like tolerance and a philosophical aversion to violence which, unite them. India has stood as one nation in times of national calamities. Thus India, sets the eiample of unity in diversity to all human beings., India is a secular country. India is a union of 28 states. Each state has its own, language, food system, dress system but this composite culture is indivisible, unity in, diversity is the concept of oneness., National symbols like national flag, national anthem, and national emblem show, oneness. All should respect these National Symbols. Though India has many states,, National symbols are one. When we celebrate our national festivals we eipress our, solidarity and oneness., Today our secular democracy is in danger. The divisible forces are actively, working to shake the foundation of Indian unity. These forces are casteism,, communalism, regionalism, linguism (languages). We quarrel among ourselves in the, name of religion, caste, region and languages. The national integration is the need of, the hour. We should fght unitedly to face the eiternal divisive forces which destroy, the healthy national fabric., The defect in our system of education is the main reason for this. Elements of, patriotism, peaceful coeiistence, respect for all religions, high values of Indian culture, should form part of our curriculum. Such education will certainly help in strengthening, our nation., 14. Health is Wealth DgÉÆÃUÀåªÉà ¨sÁUÀå, Aristotle said, "Sound mind is in a sound body". Sound mind lies in a healthy body., If you are healthy, your mind will be sound and healthy. We are living in a polluted, environment. We feel sufocation. We don't get clean air and water., Our forefathers led a healthy and contented life because they were hard workers., They used to work in the felds. They got good food and clean air. The secret of their, long and healthy life was good and clean environment., Development of science has made man very lazy. Now he is spending most of his, time in front of TVs. Many scientifc machines have also made women lazy. Man has, forgotten the importance of hard working. The life span of man has also been, decreasing today. The world is witnessing deadly diseases like, AIDS, Ebola and, cancer. The present generation is weak and unhealthy. Even a boy of 15 years cannot, lift 10 kgs of weight. It means he is weak and unhealthy., Why is this?, This is because of our polluted environment., There is a saying in English, "If money is lost, nothing is lost; If wealth is lost,, something is lost; If health is lost, everything is lost". This statement shows the, importance of health. Health is everything ; nothing can substitute it. So health is, wealth., Following are the Health Tips to students.,  Get up early in the morning.,  Practice Yoga and physical eiercises in the morning.,  Have a bath everyday and brush your teeth twice a day.,  Walk 2 to 3 kms daily and drink 2 to 3 liters of water every day.

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 Avoid eating of ice creams and oily substances.,  Walk a mile after supper and rest a while after dinner.,  Keep your surroundings clean.,  Plant more trees to get clean air.,  An apple a day keeps doctors away., Children of today are the citizens of tomorrow. Practice good way of life. Healthy, citizens only make our country healthy., 15. Haste is Waste CªÀ¸ÀgÀªÉà C¥ÀWÁvÀPÉÌ PÁgÀt, Man's thoughtful and careful actions give happiness to himself and to others., Thoughtless and careless actions cause misery and pain to human beings, even to, animals and birds. So we should be careful about our thoughts, words and deeds., Cruelty causing pain comes not necessarily from actions, but from thoughts and words, too. "Laugh with the people; don't laugh at the people" We must take care of our, behaviors in our daily life. Any slip anywhere may hurt somebody in some way either, physically or mentally., Following are the incidents of our carelessness:,  A schoolboy walking along the road quietly throws a stone into a pool of muddy, water and the splash of water spoils the dress of the passerby.,  Another foolish boy eats a banana and throws the peel (¹¥Éà) on the road. It, causes an accident when a child or an elderly person walks on the peel, slips, and falls on the road.,  Commenting or laughing at the old and handicapped persons also causes harm, and mental pain.,  Unnecessary criticizing others causes mental torture.,  Birds love to be free and fly high in the sky. We give them pain by taking away, their freedom and putting them in cages.,  Children throw stones at sleeping dogs on the road and give them endless pain.,  We must be careful and attentive in our actions and words. We must give others, happiness instead of misery. Live and let live others., , 16. Smart Phones., Introduction, Merits and Demerits, Merits,  Storehouse of knowledge.,  Get connected with the world.,  Source of entertainment.,  Sending documents /massages.,  Update our knowledge,  Mobile banking,  Useful to find out criminals., Demerits,  Waste of time,  Makes us non communicable.,  No privacy,  Money wastage,  Cyber crimes, Conclusion, “DqÀÄ ªÀÄÄlÖzÀ ¸ÉƦà¯Áè; ªÉÆèÉʯï G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀzÀ d£Àj¯Áè/PÉëÃvÀ櫯Áè”, Introduction,, Technological Developments have made our life easy. We use mobiles for every, purpose in all felds/by all people. With the help of mobile we can easily talk or video,

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chat with anyone across the globe. These phones operates many functions so they are, called ‘smart phones’, “DqÀÄ ªÀÄÄlÖzÀ ¸ÉƦà¯Áè; ªÉÆèÉʯï G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀzÀ, d£Àj¯Áè/PÉëÃvÀ櫯Áè”, Merits and Demerits, Like every device, the mobile phone has its advantages and disadvantages. Use it, judiciously., Merits,,  Storehouse of knowledge., With the help of internet connection to smart phones we can browse/ access, many new information what we don’t know. It gives all information within a, short time.,  Get connected with the world., With help of phones we can get connected with the world. Sitting in our, home, we can talk / see video with any people or friends living in India / across, the world.,  Source of entertainment., Mobile phones are source of entertainment, we may listen, watch songs, programmes, flms.,  Sending documents /massages., We may send documents /massages through mobile phones. we can do so, to anybody/anywhere in the world. Easily and quickly documents / massages.,  Update our knowledge., Knowledge changes, it is like moving water, we can update our knowledge, we may learn many new ideas / information.,  Mobile banking, Today people don’t have time to go to banks. So with the help of internet, connected phones we can operate our accounts / handle our tractions.,  Useful to find out criminals., With the help of mobile locations/sim police can easily identify the, criminals. It is a great help to the police department.,  Purchase /sell, Sitting in our houses, we can sell or buy commodities TV, washing machine,, Computers, Laptops etc. it saves our time and energy., Demerits,,  Waste of time, We should spend lot of time to operate /watch mobiles. We don’t have time, eat, talk with our sons, parents.,  Makes us non communicable., We lose our physical meeting, we only chat with our friends/ relatives. Some, time we invite our friends/ relatives through phones. We don’t time to meet this, makes us non communicable.,  No privacy, Today any could easily access the information like ‘where you live?’ about, your friends, about your house, what is your occupation and other information, just by browsing through your social media account.,  Money wastage, We should spend lot of money for the purchase/and for getting connections., Some time we spend it unnecessarily. Get fnancial problems,  Cyber crimes, Any could easily access the information like ‘where you live?’ about your, friends, about your house, what is your occupation and other information just by, browsing through your social media account and makes many crimes.

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Afects students’ studies/life., There is a saying “Students’ life is Golden Life” but with invent of mobile, students are getting involved in playing games. Physically they become weak., They are addicted to mobiles. Even they lose morality and commit crimes. Too, much use of mobiles make them idle and back in studies., Conclusion,, Thus mobile has its own uses and misuses. We should use it properly., Judicious use of mobile makes our life easy and happy., , , , 17. Swachacha Bharat Abhiyana., 1. Introduction., 2. Launch of Swachh Bharat Campaign., 3. Importance of Swachh Bharat Campaign., 4. Benefits of Swachh Bharat Campaign., 5. Role of Students in the campaign., 6. Conclusion, Introduction, India is the second largest populated country in the world. Cleanliness/, Sanitation is a big challenge in India. The father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi had, once said that, “Sanitation is more important than Independence”. To provide, sanitation and clean environment, government started Swachh Bharat Campaign., Launch of Swachh Bharat Campaign., Our prime minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachacha Abhiyana on 2 nd of, October, 2014. It is a great tribute to the ‘Father of our Nation Mhatma Gandhi”., The main motto of this Abhiyan is “Health for All” This will beour tribute to, Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th birth anniversary to be celebrated in the year 2019”., In order to fulfll the vision of Mahatma Gandhi and make India an ideal country in, the world, the Prime Minister of India initiated a campaign called Swachh Bharat, Abhiyan on the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. This campaign has the target, of completion of mission till 2019 i.e. 150th birth anniversary of the Mahatma, Gandhi., Importance of Swachh Bharat Campaign, Recently Indian Government constructed more than 11 crore Latrines rooms across, India., Through this campaign the Government of India solves the sanitation, problems by enhancing the waste management techniques. Clean India movement, is completely associated with the economic strength of the country. The birth date, of the Mahatma Gandhi is targeted in both, the launch and the completion of the, mission. The basic goals behind launching the Swachh Bharat Mission are to make, the country full of sanitation facilities as well as eliminate all the unhealthy, practices of people in daily routines. The frst cleanliness drive in India was started, on 25th of September in 2014 and was initiated by the Prime Minister, Narendra, Modi by cleaning up the road., Benefits of Swachh Bharat Campaign,  Increases tourism. Attracts tourists to India.,  Clean India would bring more tourists and enhance its economical condition.,  The Prime Minister of India has requested to every Indian to devote their 100, hours per year for the cleanliness in India which is very sufcient to make this, country a clean country by 2019.,  Swachh Bharat cess is also started to get some fund for this campaign., Everyone has to pay eitra 0.5% tai (50 paise per 100 rupee) on all the services, in India.,  Government has banned eating paan, gutka and other tobacco products in the, government ofces.,  Cleanliness is neit to Godliness.

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 Controls diseases., What to Do?, To make the Campaign successful and more efective we should,,  Keep our surroundings clean.,  Put house garbage in dustbins.,  Proper disposal of garbage is necessary,  Start garbage Recycling plants.,  Construction of drainage system.,  Construction and use of toilets/ public toilets.,  Sweep all streets ,roads, or public places daily.,  Spend time to clean the surroundings.,  Plant more trees., Role of Students in Swachacha Bharat Abhiyana., ‘Children of today are the citizens of tomorrow’ For better healthy society, all, students should take good participation in the Abhiyana,,  Students should give guidance and education to their parents.,  Use toilets and ask their parents to use.,  Maintain cleanliness in schools and in their houses.,  Follow personal health and hygiene,  Dispose the waste materials in proper places.,  “Follow Each One – Teach One”, Conclusion, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is one of the most important initiatives taken by the, government to make India shine in the world. The active participation of each and, every individual is necessary. It is our collective responsibility of students as well, as general public., , 18. Ban on Plastic., WHY PLASTIC BAGS SHOULD BE BANNED?, Introduction, Plastic bags are wonderful material that we use. We use plastic because it is, Cheap, Easy to carry, Durable, Low cost, light weight but the eicessive use of plastic, is menace to our environment., Plastic bags are a major cause of environmental pollution. Plastic as a substance, is non-biodegradable and thus plastic bags remain in the environment for hundreds of, years polluting it immensely. It has become eitremely essential to ban plastic bags, before they ruin our planet completely.,  Many countries have Banned Plastic Bags.,  Many countries around the globe have either put a ban on plastic bag or levi, tai on it in order to restrict its usage.,  These measures have brought down the usage of plastic bags to a large, eitent., Reasons to Ban Plastic Bags.,  Waste plastic bags are polluting the land and water immensely.,  Plastic bags have become a threat to the life of animals living on earth as well, as in water.,  Chemicals released by waste plastic bags enter the soil and make it infertile.,  Plastic bags are having negative impact on the human health.,  Plastic bags lead to drainage problem.,  Public Must Support Plastic Bag Ban, We, the people of the society, must take it as our responsibility to stop the use, of plastic bags and ensure that those around us stop using these too. Here is how, we can support the government in this direction:

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, , Carry your cloth bag to shops., We are so accustomed to using plastic bags that it is difcult to stop their usage, completely all of a sudden. In order to be successful in this mission, we must keep, reminding ourselves about the harmful efects of the plastic bags on our nature and, keep a tab on their use. Gradually, we will become habitual to doing without these, bags.,  Seek Alternatives, There are many eco friendly alternatives to plastic bags. Instead of taking, plastic bags to carry our grocery, we can carry a reusable jute or cloth bags.,  Reuse plastics and menace., We should reuse the plastic bags we already have at home as many times as we, can before throwing them away.,  Spread Awareness, While the government should spread awareness about the harmful efects of, plastic bags and the need to ban them by way of advertisements and hoardings,, we can also spread awareness through our students.,  Plastics litter the landscape.,  Creates Carbon di oxide.,  Kill animals- cows, dogs, penguins.,  Non biodegradable., , Conclusion,, The problems caused due to plastic bags have often been overlooked and, underestimated. This is because people do not look at the long term efect of these, small, easy to carry bags they use in their everyday life. They keep using these bags, owing to the convenience they ofer completely ignoring the fact that these bags have, adverse efect on the environment and are a threat to life on earth., 19. Importance of Sports., Values of Sports and Games, Sports are nice physical activities that provide freedom from the stress and, worries. It has nice scope and professional career for the sports persons. It has ability, to give sportspersons their required name, fame and money. So, we can say that,, sports can be played for personal benefts as well as professional benefts. In both, ways, it benefts our body, mind and soul., Some people play it daily for their body and mind ftness, enjoyment, etc, however some play it to get valuable status in their life. No one can ignore its values, in the personal and professional life. First Olympic Games were held in 1896 in Athens, which is now held continuously after every four years in diferent countries. It involves, both, outdoor and indoor games in which sportsperson of many countries takes part., , Some of the outdoor sports and games are like football, hockey, volleyball,, baseball, cricket, tennis, kho-kho, kabaddi, etc which require a playground to, be played., , Indoor games are like carom, cards, chess, table tennis, puzzle, indoor, basketball, etc can be played at home without any playground., , Some sports and games like badminton and table tennis can be enjoyed both, as indoor and outdoor., * Advantages of Sports and Games, Sports and games are very benefcial to us as they teach us,,  punctuality,,  patient,,  discipline,,  teamwork

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dedication., Playing sports help us in building and improving confdence level., If we practice sports on regular basis, we can be more active and healthy., Being involved in the sports activities help us in getting protected with, numerous diseases such as arthritis, obesity,: obese, heart problems, diabetes,, etc.,  It makes us more disciplined, patient, punctual, and courteous in life.,  It teaches us to go ahead in life by removing all the weaknesses.,  It makes us bold and gives the feeling of happiness by reducing the occurrence, of aniiety and angry.,  It makes us physically ft and mentally comfort using which we can easily deal, with all the problems., 20. Advantages of Science, Modern age is the age of science. Every aspect, feld and sphere of life has been, deeply afected by science. It has blessed us with many comforts. Everything, big or, small, proclaims the glory of science. The fairy tales of yesterday have become true, and real today. The dreams of yesterday have become the realities of today.,  Every aspect of life has the imprint of science.,  The various modern inventions of science – the heater, the press, the pressurecooker, and many other things of our ordinary use, have made our domestic life, very happy and comfortable.,  Science has bestowed on us the gift of electricity.,  It grows and cooks our food ; it lights our homes; it cools us in summer and, warms us in winter.,  Indeed, wherever may cast our eyes, we notice the triumphs and wonders of, science.,  Science has conquered time and distance.,  The diferent countries of the world have been brought closer to one another, and the globe seems to have shrunk in size.,  The long journeys of months are completed in hours today. Modern man has, conquered the moon and is trying to conquer the distant planets like the Venus, and the Mars.,  Science has provided us with various sources of recreation, entertainment,, delight and happiness.,  When man feels bored and dull, radio, television and stereo prove very useful, and helpful to him to break his monotony. He feels fresh once again and is, enlivened. Cinema, another source of entertainment, also adds to our, knowledge.,  Press and radio, other wonders of science, have also helped men to attain, knowledge and spread it. They carry news to diferent parts of the world. The, world now is a closely knit unit.,  In the feld of medicine Science has enabled man to put up a fght against, incurable diseases like tuberculosis and overcome them.,  With the help of X-rays and ultra sound techniques, even the internal diseases, of man can be diagnosed and cured. Invention of sulpha-drugs, penicillin, laser, treatment and many new therapies have gone a long way in prolonging the lifespan of man and minimizing death-toll. In short, science has provided the blind, with eyes, the lame with legs and the deaf with ears.,  Science has proved equally helpful in the feld of agriculture and industry. The, advantages of tractor and tube wells have not been hidden from any eye.,  With the mechanized farming, agricultural production has increased, wonderfully. Science has revolutionised the modern industry., , , , 

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The days of slow moving, simple machines, handicrafts and dull manual labour, are over. It is an age of computers, automation, increased production and, perfect mechanization., Every feld of industry today bears a clear and marked imprint of science. The, services of science cannot be forgotten even the feld of engineering and, technology., Huge dams and bridges have been built., Electric power-houses and atomic furnaces are the gifts of science only. In, short we can say that wherever we may cast our eyes, we notice the triumphs, and wonders of science, , , , , , ., , ***********, , Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)