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INDEX, SECTION, , CONTENT, , A, , PAGE, NUMBER, 2, , UNSEEN PASSAGE, READING, TENSES, , 12, , ACTIVE-PASSIVE, , 13, , DIRECT- INDIRECT SPEECH, , 18, , CONJUNCTIONS, , 25, , RELATIVE PRONOUNS, , 30, , FRAMING QUESTION AND QUESTION TAGS, , 33, , POETRY EXTRACT FROM TEXT BOOK ( FIRST FLIGHT), , 40, , PASSAGES FROM TEXT BOOKS, , 50, , QUESTION ANSWERS TEXTBOOKS, , 56, , GRAMMAR, , B AND C, TEXT BOOKS, , SHORT ANSWER TYPE, , D, WRITING, , LETTER WRITING PERSONAL, OFFICIAL, EMAIL, , 83, , STORY WRITING, , 92, , VISUAL BASED PARAGRAPH WRITING, SHORT PARAGRAPH, WRITING, , 96

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READING, Unseen passages, Passage 1, Food can maintain and save life. It can destroy life as well. Proper food serves as medicine,, improper food works as poison. A little care about the quality and quantity of food will keep, us healthy and happy. If we go about eating all sorts of things, we shall become sick., We take pride in calling ourselves civilized. Being sensible means to know the difference, between good and bad, right and wrong. It will not do to become slaves to our tongue or, taste. Even cattle, birds and beasts eat only what is best for their body. We mostly eat, processed food and refined sugar. We pay heavily for junk food, for Chinese dishes or deep, fried snacks. As a result we catch diseases. We have drifted away from Mother Nature. We, laugh at the rules of hygiene, healthy diet and the advice of our elders. This has given rise to, diabetes. We offer chocolates, cakes and ice creams too often to our children. We also attend, parties or dine out every day. This way we invite obesity and diabetes., Questions:, 1.Tick the correct answer, A What can maintain and save our life?, (a) food (b) games (c) study (d) bath, B. A little care about the quality and quantity of food will make us –, (a) sick (b) healthy (c) obese (d) ill, 2. Answer the following questions, A. What does sensible imply?, B. How does a modern life style and food habit affect us?, 3. Find words from the passage that means the ‘being fat’, 4. Give an opposite word for ‘weep’, Answers:, 1. A. (a), B.( b), 2. A. Being sensible means to know the difference between good and bad, right and, wrong., B. Our lifestyle has pushed us away from nature., 3. Obesity 4. Laugh, , Passage 2, The cinema is the cheapest source of entertainment today. Millions of people see movies and, enjoy them. It is a good pastime in all the places – big or small., The cinema industry has made rapid progress after independence. In the beginning there were, silent and black and white movies. Now we are dazzled by the colours in every movie., Big posters are seen on the walls of cities and towns for advertisements. They also announce, the coming movies in the city. There is always a rush before the booking windows. So the, tickets, are, often, sold, in, the, black, market, or, at, a, premium., On the one hand the cinema is a source of entertainment. On the other it is also a source of, 2

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knowledge and information. Films satisfy all the sections of people and their different tastes., There, are, religious, movies, and, historical, movies., They recreate the past, the old culture and lifestyle. Social films spread awareness about, social evil evils of dowry, casteism and communal feelings. Some films expose the, corruption in high places among the policemen and the citizens., Questions:, 1.Tick the correct answer:, A. What is the cheapest source of entertainment today?, (a) Shopping (b) cinema (c) travelling (d) drama, B. ____ films spread awareness about social evils., (a) Social, (b) religious (c) historical (d) communal, 2. Answer the following questions briefly:, A. Why are tickets often sold in the black market?, B. Mention two advantages of cinema., 3. Find out the word from the passage which means ‘inexpensive’., 4. Give an opposite word for ‘fast’, Answers:, 1. A. (b), B.(a), 2. A. Tickets are often sold in the black market because there is always a huge rush before, the booking windows, B.• Cinema is a source of entertainment., • It is also a source of knowledge and information., 3. Cheap 4. Slow, , Passage 3, There was a time when all house-work was done by the women or girls of the household., Few husbands ever dreamt of washing up, preparing breakfast or tending the baby. Such, duties were no concern of theirs. And normal school boy assumed that if help were needed in, the home, his sisters would be called on to give it. The whole family supported the view that, the male child could not or should not clean, mend, wash, cook or make beds., Things are very different today. Doctors or barristers find nothing shameful in putting on an, apron to help in the kitchen or nursery and even boast of being good at washing of clothes, and personal linen. The school boy is more often now than formerly expected to help his, mother., Questions:, 1. Tick the correct answerA. Who usually did all house work in the past?, (a) Boys (b) Girls (c) Both (d) Children, B. Such duties were no concern of the boys?, (a) Cooking (b) Farming (c) Shop keeping (d) Studying, 2. What is the opposite word of “Unexpected” from the passage?, , 3. Answer the following questions briefly, 3

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A. Mention some household chores that women use to do in their house., B. How did the whole family view the male child?, C. How are things different now?, D. Who usually did all house work in the past?, 4. Find words from the above passage that mean the same as:, (a) taking care of (b) took for granted (c) talk proudly (d) hopes, Answers:, 1.A. Girls B. Cooking, 2. Expected, 3.A. Washing clothes, preparing breakfast and tending the baby., B. The whole family thought that the male child should not clean, mend, wash, cook or, make beds., C. Today even busiest people help in the kitchen, nursery and washing clothes., D. In the past all house work was usually done by women or girls., 4. (a) tending (b) assumed (c) boast (d) expects., , Passage 4, This is the story of a man who thought that he had the right to do whatever he liked. One day,, this gentleman was walking along a busy road, spinning his walking-stick round and round in, his hand, and was trying to look important. A man walking behind him objected., “You ought not to spin your walking-stick round and round like that!” he said., “I am free to do what I like with my walking-stick,” argued the gentleman., ‘Of course, you are,” said the other man, “but you ought to know that your freedom ends, where my nose begins.”, The story tells us that we can enjoy our rights and our freedom only if they do not interfere, with other people’s rights and freedom., Questions:, 1. Who was walking along a busy road?, (a) Gentleman (b) A boy (c) An old man (d) An old woman, 2. What was the gentleman spinning in his hand?, (a) papers (b) coins (c) walking stick (d) a book, 3. The gentleman was walking along a(a) lonely road (b) busy road (c) narrow road (d) highway, , 4. Find out the opposite word of ‘slavery’ from the passage?, 5.Answer the following questions briefly, A. Why was the gentleman on the road moving his walking stick round and round?, B. Who objected to his behavior?, C. What argument did the gentleman give?, D. Was the other satisfied with argument?, E. What did he say in reply?, Answers:, 1. (a) A gentleman 2. (c) walking Stick 3. (b) busy road 4. freedom, 5. A. The gentleman on the road was moving his walking stick round and round because he wanted, to look important., 4

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B. A man walking behind him objected to his behaviour., C. The gentleman argued that he was free to do whatever he liked with his walking- stick., D. No, the other man was not satisfied with his argument., E. The other man said that he ought to know that his (the gentleman’s) freedom ends where, his (the passer-by’s) nose begins., , Passage 5, Pandit JawaharLal Nehru was my favourite leader. He was the first Prime Minister of free, India. He was one of the greatest statesmen of his age. He was born on 14th November, 1889, at Allahabad. His father was Pt. MotiLal Nehru. He was a great barrister. JawaharLal was the, only son of his parents. He was brought up like a prince amidst riches. He was sent to, England for higher studies. Having finished his education there, he returned to India and, became a lawyer. When he came in touch with Mahatma Gandhi he became his disciple. He, was fond of children. They called him, “Chacha Nehru”. That is why his birthday is, celebrated as the “Children Day”. He fought for the cause of the poor. He died on 27th May,, 1964. India lost a great son and a leader in him., Questions, 1. Who was the first Prime Minister of Free Indian?, (a) Lal Bahadur Shastri (b) Mahatma Gandhi (c) MotiLal Nehru (d) JawaharLal Nehru, 2. Where was he sent for studies?, (a) England (b) Canada (c) Australia (d) America, 3. What is the opposite word of “Rich” from the passage?, 4. What is the similar word for ‘completed’ in the passage?, 5. Answer the following questions briefly, A. Who was the first Prime Minister of free India?, B. B.When was he born?, C. Where was he born?, D. What was his father?, E. Where was he sent for studies?, Answers, 1. (d) JawaharLal Nehru 2. (a) England, 3. Poor 4. Finished, 5. Answers-, , A., B., C., D., E., , Pandit JawaharLal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of free India., He was born on 14th November, 1889., He was born at Allahabad., His father was a great barrister., He was sent to England for higher studies., , Passage 6, After water, tea is the most popular beverage in the world. Its popularity has survived, thousands of years and has played an important role in many cultures. It is enjoyed both hot, and cold, as a refreshing drink, as part of a ceremony, or as a tonic for improved health.2. The, drink of Asia for hundreds of years, tea is believed to have been brought to Europe by the, Dutch. Today, from remote Ladakh in India to Buckingham Palace in. London, tea is, synonymous with cheer. It is rightly said that there will be no agreement on a perfect cup of, 5

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tea. Though for tea drinkers the brew is addictive, the preferred method of preparation and, taste differ from person to person and region to region. From traditional black teas, to the, newer, and extraordinarily healthy white teas, and recognisable flavoured teas such as Earl, Grey, to exotic blends such as Rooibos Love, there is a flavour and a blend for everyone., Today many varieties of tea and tea brands are available in the market. An innovation is the, tea-bag that is easy, quick and less messy than traditional ways of brewing tea. Green tea is, popular in China and the Far East.3. In Japan, the tea ceremony is a traditional way of, greeting guests and is a social occasion. Unlike the tea we are familiar with, green tea is not, drunk with sugar or milk. It is an olive-coloured liquid served in porcelain cups. In Morocco,, green tea is infused with freshly plucked mint., Questions:, 1. Who brought tea to Europe?, (a) Greece (b) Dutch (c) Portuguese (d) China, 2. Where is ‘Green tea’ popular?, (a) China (b) India (c) Europe (d) France, 3. What is the opposite word of “Slow” from the passage?, 4. What is similar to “recharging” in the passage?, 5. Answer the following questions briefly, A., B., C., D., , Who brought tea to Europe?, What is the new and convenient way of making tea?, Where is the tea ceremony a way of greeting guests?, Where is ‘Green tea’ popular, , Answers:, 1. (b) Dutch 2. (a) China, 3. Quick, 4. Refreshing, 5. AnswersA.The Dutch brought tea to Europe., , B. New and convenient way of making tea is by using tea bags., C. In Japan tea ceremony is a way of greeting guest., D. Green tea is popular in China., , Passage 7, One of the greatest advances in modern technology has been the invention of computers., They are widely used in industries and in universities. Now there is hardly any sphere of, human life where computers have not been pressed into service of man. We are heading fast, towards the day when a computer will be as much part of man’s daily life as a telephone – or, a calculator., Computers are capable of doing extremely complicated work in all branches of learning., They can solve the most complex mathematical problems or put thousands of unrelated facts, in order. These machines can be put to varied uses. For instance, they can provide, information on the best way to prevent traffic jams. This whole process by which machines, can be used to work for us has been called ‘automation.’ In the future automation may enable, 6

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human beings to enjoy more leisure than they do today. The coming of automation is bound, to have important social consequences., Some years ago an expert on automation, Sir Leon Bagrit, pointed out that it was a mistake to, believe that these machines could ‘think.’ There is no possibility that human beings will be, “controlled by machines.” Though computers are capable of learning from their mistakes and, improving on their performance, they need detailed instructions from human beings to, operate. They can never, as it were, lead independent lives or “rule the world” by making, decisions of their own., Questions:, 1. What is the greatest advancement in modern technology?, (a) Computer (b) Telephone (c) Calculator (d) Water heater, 2. The process by which machines can be used to work for us called……….., (a) Automation (b) Calculation (c) Invention (d) Animation, 3. What is the opposite word of ‘ancient’ from the passage?, 4. Answer the following questions briefly, A. What is the greatest advancement in modern technology?, B. What complicated works are computers capable of doing?, C. What is the opposite word of ‘ancient’ from the passage?, D. What is automation?, E. Why can’t computers lead independent lives or rule the world?, F. What did Sir Leon point about computers?, , Answers:, 1. (a) Computer 2. (a) Automation 3. Modern, 4. Answers, A., B., C., D., E., , F., , The greatest advancement in modern technology is the invention of computers., Computers are capable of solving mathematical problems and put thousands of, unrelated facts in order., Modern, Automation is the process by which machines can be used to work for us., Computers need detailed instructions from human beings to operate/ cannot make, decisions of their own. Therefore computers cannot lead independent lives or rule the, world., Sir Leon pointed that it was a mistake to believe that computers could think., , Passage 8, Morning walk is an exercise with many benefits. A person who goes on morning walk has to, get up early in the morning; thus it teaches self-discipline. As one begins one’s walk in the, peace of the morning, he begins to feel the freshness of the morning. The pure air goes into, his lungs which purifies his blood. It has been proved scientifically that those who go for, morning walk everyday tend to be more energetic throughout the day. morning walk has been, found extremely effective in promoting the health of the heart. It is also good in maintaining, proper blood pressure. Everyday morning walk target achieved gives a boost to selfconfidence and upbeat mood. Besides making you feel cheerful it also brings you close to, nature and sensitive to its beauty. In order to avail so many benefits, we all must go for, morning walk every morning., Questions:, 1. What is an exercise with many benefits?, 7

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(a) playing (b) morning walk (c) dancing (d)jumping, 2. The pure air goes in to our lungs which purifies our …………., (a) mind (b) blood (c) heart (d) soul, 3. What is the opposite word of “insensitive” from the passage?, 4. Answer the following questions brieflyA., B., C., D., E., F., , How does morning walk teach self-discipline?, How does morning walk help in purifying blood?, How is the morning walk good for health?, What does a person feel in the morning?, What has been proved scientifically?, Write the similar word for ‘joyful’ from the passage, , Answers:, 1. (b) morning walk 2. (b) blood 3. Sensitive, 4. Answers:, , A., B., C., D., E., F., , A person who goes on morning walk has to get up early in the morning; thus it, teaches self-discipline., During morning walk the pure air goes into his lungs which purifies his blood., Morning walk has been found extremely effective in promoting the health of the, heart. It is also good in maintaining proper blood pressure., Every day morning walk boost to self-confidence and it makes one feel cheerful., It has been proven scientifically that those who go for morning walk everyday tend to, be more energetic throughout the day., Cheerful, , Passage 9, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born to a Hindu family on October 2, 1869, in India. He, was a lawyer, politician, social activist and writer who became the leader of the nationalist, movement against the British rule of India. Today he is best known for being a symbol of, peace, humility and willful poverty., At thirteen Gandhi was married to a girl who was the same age as he. He travelled to London, in 1888 to study law and graduated in 1891. After attempting but failing to practice law in, Bombay, India, Gandhi accepted a job offer in South Africa. He spent more than two decades, there. This is also where he found his true passion for advocating civil rights., In South Africa, where the Indian population mainly worked as poor labourers, Gandhi, experienced the oppression and racism in this country at first hand. He was thrown off a train,, barred from hotels reserved “for whites only,” and assaulted by a white mob. Like his fellow, Indians, he was not even allowed to walk on the pavement!, Questions:, 1. When was Gandhi ji born?, (a) 1868 (b) 1869 (c) 1870 (d) 1970, 2. At what age did he got married?, (a) Twenty (b) Thirty (c) Thirteen (d) Twelve, 3. What is the opposite of “Unmarried” from the passage?, 8

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4. Answer the following questions brieflyA., B., C., D., E., F., , When was Gandhi ji born?, What he is best known for?, At what age did he got married?, What happened in 1891?, What was his experiences in South Africa?, Write the similar word for ‘poorness’ from the passage., , ., Answers:, 1. (b) 1869 2. (c) Thirteen 3. married, , 4.Answers:, A. Gandhi ji was born on 2nd October., B. He is best known for being a symbol of peace, humility and wilful poverty., C. At the age of thirteen Gandhi ji got married, D. Gandhi ji was graduated in 1891., E. Gandhi ji experienced the oppression and racism in South Africa., F. Poverty, , Passage 10, A little boy used to play in the shade of a tree. One day the boy sat leaning against the trunk, of the tree, cried and sighed, ‘I am hungry.’ ’Eat my fruits’, Said the kind tree and it bent, down one its branches. The little boy ate the fruits and felt satisfied., Many years passed and the boy grew up .then once again he sat under the tree with a look of, dejection and helplessness. ‘What is it?’ the tree asked. ‘My wedding day is bare a week, away and I have nowhere to live.’ ‘Cut down my branches and build yourself a house’, Said, the tree. The young man sat to work immediately., Time passed and now the young man was a sailor. Once again he sat under the tree with a, look of remorse on his face. It again asked what the matter was, he pleaded, ‘My captain is, cruel, so to survive I must own a ship.’ ‘Cut down my trunk and build a ship,’ said the tree., The sailor grew old but once again he turned to the tree with a laden expression on his face. It, was cold and the sailor leaned on his stick was trembling. ‘Make a fire of me’, said the stump, of the tree. It soon burnt in the fire softly humming a tune., Questions:, 1. Who said “cut down my branches build yourself a house”?, (a) Captain (b) Little boy (c) The tree (d) The sailor, 2. How many times did the tree help the man?, (a) Three (b) Four (c) Five (d) One, 3. What is the opposite word of “dissatisfied” from the passage?, 4. Answer the following questions briefly-, , A., B., C., D., E., , How did the tree help the man before his marriage?, What did the man do to survive himself?, How many times did the tree help a single human being?, Name the different parts of this tree?, Find from the passage the word which means to ‘a strong feeling of sadness?, , Answers:, 1. (iii) The tree 2. (ii) Four 3. Satisfied, 9

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4 Answers:, A., B., C., D., E., , The tree helped the man before his marriage by asking him to cut down its branches, and build a house for himself., The man cut down the tree’s trunk and built a ship to survive himself., The tree helped a single human being four times., Fruits, branches, trunk and stump are different parts of the tree., dejection., , 10

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GRAMMAR, , Correct Forms of Verbs, Tenses, Present, Indefinite, , Correct form of the Verbs, Affirmative, , V1 / V1 + s/es, , Negative, , do/does+Not+V1, , Interrogative, , Do/Does+V1, , Adverbials, Always, often, daily, regularly, seldom,, never, generally, frequently, occasionally,, rarely,, hardly,, scarcely,, in, the, morning/evening, every/each day/week /, month/year/ on Sunday/Monday, once a, day/week/, In the following type of sentences Present, Indefinite tense is used:, Universal Truth /Scientific Truth /, Habitual Facts/ Proverbs, today / now/at this time/ at this moment/ at, present / now-a-days/ in these days/ still /, look!, see!, listen!, , Present, Continuous, , is/ am/ are + V1+ing, , Present Perfect, , has/ have + V3, , just , just now, already, yet, so far,, recently, lately, , Present Perfect, Continuous, , has/ have +been + V1+ing, , since/for + time, , Past Indefinite, , Affirmative, , V2, , Negative /, Interrogative, , did +V1, , Yesterday, one day, once, ago, that day, as, soon as, when, as, last + week/month/year,, the other day, in 2001, 1999 ……., , Past, Continuous, , was / were + V1+ing, , at that time, at that moment, in those days,, while, , Past Perfect, , had + V3, , V2 + after + had + V3, had + V3 + before + V2, , Past Perfect, Continuous, , had +been + V1+ ing, , when / as / before+ V2 ….., since / for +time, , Future, Indefinite, Future, Continuous, , shall /will + V1, shall /will +be + V1+ing, , tomorrow , next + day / week/month/ years,, the coming day, the following day, in future, at this time / at this moment + tomorrow , next, + day / week/month/ years, the coming day, the, following day, in future, , Future Perfect, , shall /will +have + V3, , by + time, , Future Perfect, Continuous, , shall /will have been + V1+ing, , for + time + by + time, , 11

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TENSES, Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb given in the brackets:, 1., , Honesty …….. the best policy. (be), , 2., , The Prime Minister …………..our college next month. (visit), , 3., , Listen! Someone …........... to open the gate. (try), , 4., , She ……….. all the clothes so you can wear that. (iron), , 5., , I ……….. to Jaipur yesterday. (go), , 6., , We ……….. to school tomorrow. (go), , 7., , When I ………….. her first time she was young. (see), , 8., , I ………….. a story while Hari was writing a letter. (read), , 9., , Ram …………. his work. (do), , 10., , They …………… the house before evening. (leave), , 11., , If you don't work hard work you ……………… this year. (not pass), , 12., , Ram ……………. a house recently. (buy), , 13., , These boys ………… cricket match on Monday. (play), , 14., , He ………… tea twice a day. (take), , 15., , I ………… all sweets so there is nothing to eat. (eat), , 16., , Our class teacher always …………… on time. (come), , 17., , Look! An old man is …………. After the bus to catch it. (run), , 18., , She ……….. him few days back. (meet), , 19., , My mother ……………. food at this time. (cook), , 20., , We ………… to the picture last Sunday. (go), , 21., , If you run fast, you ……………. the bus. (catch), , 22., , She cooked food and ………. it to her children. (serve), , 23., , I always ……….. early in the morning in my childhood. (get up), , 24., , I ………… at this time tomorrow. (sleep), , 25., , India ………. Freedom in 1947. (get), , 26., , He …………. a letter to his father last Monday. (write), , 27., , Somebody ………….. outside when I was sleeping. (shout), , 28., , The train ……….. before I reached the station. (start), , 29., , Sohan ………… his course before the examination began. (not finish), , 30., , Two and two ………… four. (make), , 31., , I …………… English these days. (learn), , 32., , Earth ……….. around the Sun. (move), , 33., , He ……….. test at 7 a.m. tomorrow. (take), , 34., , We …………. The zoo last month. (visit), 12

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35., , The police ……….. after the robbers had run away. (come), , 36., , We ……….. to school tomorrow. (go), , 37., , He …………. when they came back. (sleep), , 38., , They ………… T.V. at this time yesterday. (watch), , 39., , She ……….. her purse while she was running. (lose), , 40., , The baby …………. because it is hungry. (cry), , 41., , They ……….. in the garden next morning. (water), , 42., , I ………… the course by the end of the month. (revise), , 43., , The weather ……….. very pleasant last week. (be), , 44., , They …………. cards, when the postman came. (play), , 45., , We ………….. home before it rained. (reach), , 46., , The boys …………….. a football match. (play), , 47., , She …………… her homework yet. (not complete), , 48., , They …………. T.V. now. (watch), , 49., , India …………. the World Cup 2011. (win), , 50., , The accident …………. at 10:30 last evening. (occur), , Answer Key :(1) is (2) visits (3) is trying (4) has ironed (5) went (6) will go (7) was seeing (8) was, reading(9) has done (10)will have left (11) will not pass (12) has bought (13) will play, (14) takes (15) have eaten (16) comes (17) is running (18) met (19) is cooking (20) went, (21) will catch (22) served (23) got up (24) shall be sleeping (25) got (26) wrote (27) was, shouting (28) had started (29) had not finished (30) makes (31) am learning (32) moves, (33) will be taking (34) visited (35) came (36) will go (37) had slept (38) were watching, (39) lost (40) is crying (41) will be watering (42) shall have revised (43) was (44) were, playing (45) had reached (46) are playing (47) has not completed (48) are watching (49), won (50) occurred, , ACTIVE PASSIVE, Active ls Passive cukus ds lkekU; fu;e,  Active voice ds Object dks passive voice dk subject cuk nsrgs SaAObject verbds rqjUr ckn vkrk, gSA,  Passive voice esa subject ds rqjUr ckn helping verb dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA,  Verb dh ges’kk 3rdform yxkrs gSaA,  Active voice ds subject dks passive voice dk object cuk nsrs gSaA vkSj mlls igys by dk iz;ksx, djrs gSaA, , 13

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21- Who can solve this paper?, 22- Who broke this beautiful cup?, 23- Are you playing games?, 24- Have you written a book?, 25- Open the window., 26- Shut the door., 27- Do not play football on the road., 28- Please, give me your car., 29- Please, keep off the grass., 30- Nobody can do it., ANSWER:1- A mango is eaten by Ram., 2- A letter is written by him., 3- Cricket is played., 4- English is being taught by Mr. Sharma., 5- Food has been eaten by children., 6- A story was written by Mohan., 7- Cricket was not played., 8- Football is being played by the boys., 9- The bridge will have been built., 10- A book will be written by Sita., 11- English was taught to us by Mr. Sharma., 12- Tea is taken in the morning., 13- You are being waited in the school., 14- Is apple eaten by the boys?, 15- Was food being cooked by Sita?, 16- Was a letter written by her?, 17- When will my book be returned by you?, 18- Why was Sita being laughed at by him?, 19- What is being read by him?, 20- By whom is liked most by you?, 21- By whom can this question be solved?, 22- By whom was this beautiful cup broken?, 23- Are games being played by you?, 24- Has a book been written by you?, 25- Let the window be opened., 26- Let the door be shut., 27- Let football not be played on the road., 28- You are requested to give me your car., 29- You are requested to keep off the grass., 30- It cannot be done., , 17

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DIRECT- INDIRECT SPEECH, Tense laca/kh changes, Rule 1. Reporting verbs SIMPLE PRESENT or SIMPLE FUTURE esa gS rks Reported, Speech ds tense esa No change., If the reporting verb in simple present or simple future than there is no change in Reported, speech but there is change in pronouns and words of time and place., Eg. 1 Ram says , “ Children like to play .”, Ram says that children like to play., Eg. 2 Arti will say , “ Bharti is honest.”, Arti will say that Bharti is honest., Universal Truth – no change in tense, DIRECT: The teacher said, “The earth is round.”, INDIRECT: The Teacher said that the earth is round., For historical fact – no change in tense, Eg. The teacher said , “ India got freedom in 1947.”, The teacher said that India got freedom in 1947., For proverbs / Idioms– no change in tense, Eg. The teacher said , “ Fortune favours the brave.”, The teacher said that fortune favours the brave., Changes of Tenses, 1. Simple Present Tense, , Simple Past Tense, , {VI}, , :, , {VII}, , DIRECT, , :, , Shyam said, “Hari grows plants”., , INDIRECT, , :, , Shyam said that Hari grew plants., , 2. Present Continuous Tense, , Past Continuous Tense, , {is/am/are+VI+ing}, , {was/were+VI+ing}, 18

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DIRECT, , :, , She said, “Anita is writing a story”., , INDIRECT, , :, , She said that Anita was writing a story., , 3. Present Perfect Tense, , Past perfect Tense, , [has/have+VIII], , :, , [had+VIII], , DIRECT, , :, , I said, “Asha has learnt English”., , INDIRECT, , :, , I said that Asha had learnt English., , 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense, (Has been / have been V1 ing+, , Past Perfect Continuous Tense, :, , (Had been + VI +ing+since/for+time), , DIRECT, , :, , INDIRECT, , :, , You said, “Snow has been falling, since Monday”., You said that snow had been falling, since Monday”., Past Perfect Tense, , (VII / did + VI ), , :, , (Had + VIII), , DIRECT, , :, , Hari said, “Anita went there”., , INDIRECT, , :, , Hari said that Anita had gone there., , since/for+time ), , Simple Past Tense, , 5. Past Continuous Tense, , Past Perfect Continuous Tense, , (was /were+VI +ing), , :, , (had been + VI +ing), , DIRECT, , :, , INDIRECT, , :, , Vishal said, “Kuldeep was obtaining, good marks”., Vishal said that Kuldeep had been, obtaining good marks, No change, , (had+VIII ), , :, , (had+VIII), , DIRECT, , :, , Mahendra said, “Ram had married”., , INDIRECT, , :, , Mahendra said that Ram had married., , 6. Past Perfect Tense, , 7. Past Perfect Continuous Tense, (had been+VI+ing ), DIRECT, INDIRECT, , No change., (had been+VI +ing), He said, “She had been teaching since, 2001”., He said that she had been teaching since, 2001., Would, , :, :, :, , 9. Will / shall, (a) DIRECT, , He said, “I shall work hard”., , :, 19

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INDIRECT, (b) DIRECT, INDIRECT, , :, , He said that he would work hard., , :, , Sita said, “Preeti will get the job.”, , :, , Sita said that Preeti would get the job., , CHANGE OF PRONOUNS, Personal Pronouns, Subjective, , Possessive, , Objective, , Reflexive, , Case, , Case, , Case, , Pronouns, , I, , my / mine, , Me, , myself, , Plural Number, , We, , Our / ours, , Us, , Ourselves, , Second, , Singular &, , You, , Your / yours, , You, , Yourself /, , Person, , Plural Number, , Third Person, , Singular, , First Person, , Singular, Number, , yourselves, He, , His, , Him, , Himself, , She, , Her/hers, , Her, , Herself, , It, , Its, , It, , Itself, , They, , Their / theirs, , Them, , Themselves, , Masculine, Singular, Feminine, Singular non personal, Plural, , Rule 2.Reporting verb PAST TENSE es gks rks reported speech Hkh PAST TENSE esa gksxk, Reported speech, , Change in reported speech, , Do / does + V1, , Did/V2, , Do / does not, , Did not, , Is/ am / are, , Was / were, , Has / have, , Had, , Did + V1, , Had+V3, 20

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Was / were, , Had been+ing, , Can, , Could, , Will, , Would, , Shall, , Would, , May, , Might, , Must, , Must / had/ to (past), , B. Reporting verb and Conjunction laca/kh change, Sentence, , Reporting Verbs, , Conjunction, , Assertive, , Tell/Tells /Told, , That, , Interrogative, , Ask / asks / asked, , If / whether/ wh, , Imperative, , Told / asked / advised, , To V1, , Ordered / requested /for bade, , not to (Don’t+V1, , Optative, , Wished / blessed / cursed, , That, , Exclamatory, , Ex claimed with sorrow / Joy / surprise, , that, , (II) Distance and time lca/kh ifjorZu, This - that, , Today - that day, , These - those, , Tomorrow - the next day, , Here - there, , Next day - the following day, , Now - then, , Yesterday - the previous day, , Ago - before, , Last week - the previous week, , 21

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CHANGE DIRECT INTO INDIRECT, 1. STATEMENTS / ASSERTIVE SENTENCES- DIRECT SPEECH, 1., , He says, “Hari is not well.”, , 2., , He will say, “Ram writes a letter.”, , 3., , Mohan said to me, “Sohan tells a lie.”, , 4., , She said to me , “Sita is writing a letter.”, , 5., , The boy said , “Mahi has done his work.”, , 6., , They said, “The boys have been living in the house for five months.”, , 7., , Rita said, “Sheela wrote a letter.”, , 8., , I said, “She did not go home.”, , 9., , He said, “It was raining.”, , 10., , He said, “Ram had gone there.”, , 11., , He said , “ Kiran can do that work.”, , 12., , The teacher said, “The boys may go home.”, , 13., , She said, “Ritu must see the picture.”, , 14., , I said, “ I Shall go to Agra.”, , 15., , They said, “The clerk will not attend office.”, , 16., , I said, “I am not a thief.”, , 17., , We said, “We have done our work.”, , 18., , He says, “You read my book.”, , 19., , She said, “He shall see my letter.”, , 20., , They said, “We shall help our friends., ANSWER KEY-1, INDIRECT SPEECH, 1- He says that Hari is not well., 2- He will say that Ram writes a letter., 3- Mohan told me that Sohan told a lie., 4- She told me that Sita was writing a letter., 5- The boy said that Mahi had done his work., 6- They said that the boy had been living in the house for five months., 7- Rita said that Sheela had written a letter., 8- I said that she had not gone home., 9- He said that it had been raining., 22

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10- He said that Ram had gone there., 11- He said that Kiran could do that work., 12- The teacher said that the boys might go home., 13- She said that Ritu had to / must see the picture., 14- I said that I would go to Agra., 15- They said that the clerk would not attend the office., 16- I said that I was not a thief., 17- We said that we had done our work., 18- He says that you read his book., 19- She said that he would see her letter., 20- They said that they would help their friends, , Imperative Sentences, (a) Please / kindly imperative sentences, DIRECT: Raj said to the teacher, “Please mark me present.”, INDIRECT: Raj requested the teacher to mark him present., DIRECT: The old woman said to the boy, “Kindly help me.”, INDIRECT: The old woman requested the boy to help her., , EXERCISE 2.CHANGE INTO INDIRECT SPEECH, Imperative Command, Request, Advice, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., , Ram said to me, “Let’s sing together. “, The tiger cried, “ Let the cage be opened.”, She said, “Would you like to have tea.”, He said, “What about going home.”, He said, “Thank you.”, He said, “Happy Holi.”, He said, “Liar.”, ANSWER KEY -2 INDIRECT SPEECH, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., , Ram suggested to me that they should sing together., The tiger requested that the cage should be opened., She invited me to have tea., He suggested going home., He thanked me., He wished me a Happy Holi., He called me a liar., , 23

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Eg. 1. I was reading. He was playing., I was reading while he was playing., Eg. 2. He went out. His wife was cooking food., He went out while his wife was cooking food., 11. Combining Sentences with ‘Yet’, Rule 1- izFke okD; dks iwjk mrkj nksA full stop ( . ) dks gVk nks] vkSj comma ( , ) yxk nksA rFkk fQj yet, yxk nksA nwljs okD; dks iwjk mrkj nksA, Eg. 1. He is poor. He entertains his guests well., He is poor, yet he entertains his guests well., Eg. 2. Vinod was late. The teacher did not punish him., Vinod was late, yet the teacher did not punish him., , EXERCISE, 1. Prachi is intelligent.She is beautiful.[not only ……but also], 2. She prepared tea.Her mother prepared tea.[not only ……but also], 3. Anoop is not a doctor.Anoop is not a teacher.[neither ……nor], 4. Rajesh works in a bank.Umesh works in bank.[either ……or], 5. You should work hard.You should leave the job.[either ……or], 6. He is clever.He is greedy. [both ……and], 7. I am taking tea.You are taking tea. [both ……and], 8. The patient is too serious to live. [so ……that], 9. The tea is too hot to be drunk. [so ……that], 10. English is very difficult.I cannot read it.[too…….to], 11. The stone is very heavy.Sita cannot lift it.{too……..to], 12. Krishna is very fat.She can run very fast.[though…………although], 13. Laxmikant killed a dog. He was driving his car.[while], 14. Hari is cruel to his wife.He is curel to his friends.[as well as], 15. I got a prize.I got a job. .[as well as], 16. The problem was complicatd.I solved it.[yet], 17. He is loved.He is respected.[both……..and], 18. He is very small.He cannot touch the ceiling.[too…to], 19. Rahul is very weak.He cannot pass this year.[so………that], 20. Mohan is very intelligent.Mohan is a good player.[not only …….but also], , ANSWER, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., , Prachi is not only intelligent but also beautiful., Not only she but also her mother prepared tea., Anoop is neither a doctor nor a teacher., Either Rajesh or Umesh works in a bank, You should either work hard or leave the job., He is both clever and greedy., Both you and I are taking tea., 29

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Only, some, all, nothing, little…..vkfn “kCnksa ds ckn that dk mi;ksx djrs gS A fjDr LFkku ds iwoZ esa, O;fDr $ oLrq@tkuoj gks rks that dk iz;ksx gksrk gSA, (i) Which is the car…………you purchased? (that), (ii) Who is the man………..helped you? (that), (iii) She is the best girl………. Passed the exam. (that), (iv) Her only son………lives here in an officer. (that), (v) He has nothing………….can be sold. (that), (vi) The boy and his cycle…………you see on the road are good.(that ), , EXERCISE, Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns:1. I saw the man……..made this table., 2. This is the house………he bought yesterday., 3. This is the school………I read., 4. I called the boy……….came yesterday to see the principal., 5. It was Monday………..She died., 6. She was twenty years old………..she was married., 7. I bought a car…………is very old., 8. The man………I met yesterday lend me money., 9. We went to Sunita’s party………..we enjoyed very much., 10. I gave her all the money…………I had., 11. Abid is the man………..son has won the match., 12. A dictionary is a book…………gives you the meaning of words., 13. The horse……….. she bought is very fine., 14. There is nothing……….I can do for you., 15. The house is very fine………..I am staying., 16. Babita works in a factory…………makes washing machines., 17. He cannot say……….he said., 18. It was raining………..he came to my house., 19. That is the school……….he teaches English., 20. The fish………..you caught yesterday, was very big., ANSWER, 1. Who 2.Which 3. Where 4. Who 5. When 6. When 7.That 8.Who 9.Where 10. Whose 11., Whose 12.Which 13.That 14.that 15.Where 16. That 17. What 18. When 19. Where 20. That, , 32

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ANSWER, 1. Have you visited Jaipur?, 2. Are you going to celebrate your brithday?, 3. Will you join me after lunch?, 4. Does she know how to cook food?, 5. Did your father purchase ten shops last year?, , 2. WH- ls 'kq: gksus okys iz'u,  Who, Examples1 Ramesh and Vimla will go to school today ., Q- Who will go to school today?, 2 .I was looking at this book., Q- Who was looking at this book?, 3. Sita killed a snake., Q- Who killed a snake?,  Whose, Examples1 Ans – She purchased your car yesterday., Q-Whose car did she purchas yesterday?, 2 Ans. I know her sister., Q-Whose sister do you know?, ,  Whom, Examples1 Ans- I saw Sita in the garden., Q-Whom did you see in the garden?, 2 Ans-I like him., Q-Whom do you like?, , , , What, Examples, 1 Ans- He wrote a letter to his sister., Q-What did he write to his sister?, 2 Ans- Mr. Gupta teaches us English., Q-What does Mr. Gupta teach you?, 3 Ans-I am playing., Q-What are you doing?, ,  Where, Examples1 Ans- I sleep on the roof., Q-Where do you sleep?, 2 Ans-She went to Agra., Q- Where did she go?, 3 Ans-You can find it in the box., Q-Where can I find it?, ,  When, 35

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Examples1 .Sita sleeps at eleven O’clock., Q-When does Sita sleep?, 2 .You take tea in the morning., Q-When do I take tea?, ,  Why, Examples1. We work hard to pass., Q-Why do you work hard?, 2. I sold my old house to pay off my debt., Q-Why did you sell your old house?,  Which, For subject, Examples1. Suman is more beautiful of the two girls., Q-Which of the two girls is more beautiful?, For object, Examples, 1. I like mango most., Q-Which fruit do you like most?, , , , How, Examples1. He was crying loudly., Q-How was he crying?, 2 .He goes to school on foot., Q- How does he go to school?, ,  How Many, Examples1.I sold ten scooters yesterday., Q-How many scooters did you sell yesterday?, 2. She has five books., Q-How many books does she has?,  How Much, Examples1. He drank two liter milk in the morning., Q-How much milk did he drink in the morning?, 2. I collected five hundred rupees today., Q-(i) How many rupees did you collect today?,  How Long, Examples1. He was on the surface for a moment., Q-How long was he on the surface?, 2. This room is twenty feet long., Q-How long is this room?, , 36

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1. Don't make a noise, will you?, 2. Please don't tease her, will you?, ,  ;fn okD; let's (let us) ls izkjEHk gks rks question tag. 'shall we' cusxkA, 1. Let's play football, Shall we?, 2. Let's fly kites, shall we?, 3. Let's cook our food today, shall we?, , , , ;fn let ls okD; vkjEHk gks rks question tag izk;% 'Will you ls curk gSA, 1. Let the student go now, will you?, 2. Let her cook food for us, will you?, , , , ;fn okD; esa 'used to' dk iz;ksx gks rks question tag esa usedn't vFkok didn't fdlh dk Hkh iz;ksx dj ldrs, gS nksuksa gh correct gS fdUrq vktdy didn't dk iz;ksx vf/kd fd;k tkrk gS], 1. She used to get up early in the morning, usedn't she?, Or she used to get up early in the morning, didn't she?, 2. Raju used to go for a morning walk, used n't he?, Or Raju used to go for a morning walk, didn't he?, EXERCISE, Frame the questions to get the following answer:Q.1 When _______________?, Ans We shall go there after 4 p.m, Q.2 Who _______________?, Ans Anshuman is sitting behind me., Q.3 Why _______________?, Ans The horse was angry because the camel didn't do anything., Q.4 Where ____________?, Ans Wanda sat in the corner of the room., Q.5 What _______________?, Ans They wanted to tell her that they were sorry., Q.6 Whose _______________?, Ans That's my car., Q.7 How __________________?, Ans The storm clouds were huge., Q.8 How many ______________?, Ans There are forty students in my class., Q.9 How far ____________?, Ans Delhi is 200 km for from our town., Q.10 How much _________?, Ans I want one litre milk., ANSWER, 1. When will you go there?, 2. Who is sitting behind you?, 3. Why was the horse angry?, 4. Where did Wanda sit?, 5. What did they want?, 6. Whose car is that?, 7. How were the storn clouds?, 8. How many students are there in your class?, 9. How far is Delhi from your town?, 38

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10.How much milk do you want?, EXERCISE, Add Question tags to the statements given below 1. The doctor was a kind man,_______?, 2. A camero is a good gift to all,_______?, 3. I am not a liar,. __________?, 4. Please keep quiet, _________?, 5. He often writes to his parents, ______?, 6. Open the door, __________?, 7. He and his sons always help others, _________?, 8. The students of our class have made a fine model, __________?, 9. I did not like all this, ______?, 10. Mohan will go to school, _______?, ANSWER, 1. Wasn't he? 2. Isn’t it? 3. Am I? 4. Will you? 5. Does n't he? 6. Will you? 7. Don’t they?, 8. Haven’t they? 9. Did I ? 10. Won't he?, , 39

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First Flight [Poetry], 1. Dust of snow, Q.1 Read the extract given below carefully and answer the questions that follow—, Extract –1, The way a crow, Shook down on me, The dust of snow, From a hemlock tree., Q.1 Who shook down the dust of snow?, Ans. A crow shook down the dust of snow., Q.2 Where was the crow sitting?, Ans. The crow was sitting on the hemlock tree., Extract- 2, Has given my heart, A change of mood, And saved some part, Of a day I had rued., Q.1 What mood of the poet is conveyed in these lines?, Ans. In these lines the poet’s mood changes from sorrow to joy., Q.2 What does the poet mean when he says ’and saved some part of the day’?, Ans. The poet has saved some part of the day as he did not waste the time in repenting and, regretting., Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each], , Q. 1. How did the crow change the poet’s mood?, Ans. The poet was going somewhere in a snowy morning. He was upset. All the trees were, covered with snow dust. A crow sitting on a hemlock tree shook the tree in such a way that, some dust of snow fell on the poet. This changed his mood and he became happy and relaxed., Q. 2 How does the poet react to crow and hemlock tree?, Ans. Crow and hemlock tree are considered inauspicious in the west. They are generally, taken bad omen. But the poet did not take them in negative way. They saved his day. His, negative outlook changed to the positive one., Q.3 How has the poet observed nature in the poem, ‘Dust of Snow’?, Ans. The poet has observed nature as a positive medium of change for him. The poet had, been in the sorrowful and depressive mood in the poem. But then the way a crow shook snow, dust off, it changed his mood. Nature gave him the inspiration to behave in a positive manner., , 40

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Q.4 What side of nature do ‘crow’ and ‘hemlock’ represent?, Answer: ‘Crow’ is a black, harsh-voiced bird and ‘hemlock’ is a tree with poisonous bitter, fruit. Both are not beautiful. They represent the dark, depressive, sorrowful and bitter side of, nature., , 2. Fire and Ice, Extract- 1, Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice., From what I’ve tasted of desire, I hold with those who favour fire, Q.1 What do people think of the world?, Ans. The world will be destroyed with fire and ice., Q.2 What is the poet’s opinion about the world?, Ans. The Poet’s opinion the world will end in fire., Extract-2, But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate, To say that for destruction ice, Is also great, And would suffice., Q.1 Why does the poet feel that ‘ICE’ is also great for destruction?, Ans. Ice is like hate.Hate causes all types of vices among mankind,which is enough to, destroy the world., Q.2 What would be the cause of destruction?, Ans. Ice or fire would be the cause of destruction., Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each], Q.1.What is two different views about the end of the world in the poem ‘Fire and Ice’?, Ans. The two different views of people regarding the end of the world are—Fire and Ice Fire, stands for desire and ice stands for hatred., Q.2 What does the poet think about the end of the world?, Ans. The poet thinks about the end of the world that people think fire is the main cause of, destruction. But by the end of the poem he says that both Fire and Ice are equally destructive., Both have the same power of causing destruction, Q.3 What is the central idea of the poem”Fire and Ice”?, Ans. The poem tells us about the unending desires and the endless hatred. These are there in, the heart and mind of the man.Desire is like fire and hate is like ice., 41

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Q.4 What type of life does a man lead according to the poem?, Ans. A man should lead a life where hate and desire has no place.These are the root cause of, evils so a satisfied life is the only solution., , 3. A Tiger in the Zoo, Extract -1, He stalks in his vivid stripes, The few steps of his cage, On pads of velvet quiet, In his quite rage, Q.1 He stalks in his vivid stripes, what does the word ‘he’ here refers to?, Ans. The word ‘he’ is refers to tiger., Q.2 Why the tiger could walk only a few steps?, Ans. The tiger could walk only a few steps because he was locked in a very small cage., Extract -2, He should be lurking in shadow, Sliding through long grass, Near the water hole, Where plump deer pass., Q.1 Where should the tiger be sliding?, Ans. The tiger should be sliding through the long grass in the forest., Q.2 Who would pass through the water hole?, Ans. A plump dear would pass through the water hole., Extract -3, But he’s locked in a concrete cell, His strength behind bars, Stalking the length of his cage, Ignoring visitors., Q.1 What is the tiger doing in the cage?, Ans. The tiger is moving slowly and ignoring visitors., Q.2 What kind of enclosure the tiger was kept in?, Ans. He was kept in a cell made of concrete walls and long strong bars so that the tiger could, not escape., Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each, Q.1.How does the tiger feel in the zoo?, Ans. The felling of the tiger in the zoo,he keeps on moving from one comer to another. “He, stalks in his vivid stripes moving the few steps of his cage”. He is not happy. He expresses, his silent anger., 42

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Q.2 What would the tiger do in a forest?, Ans. In the forest, the tiger can enjoy complete freedom. He would walk around freely, without any fear. He would terrorize the villagers by growling. He would show his teeth and, claws., Q.3 What does the poet want to convey through this poem?, Ans. The poet wants to convey that like human beings, animals also like freedom. They do, not want to be caged; they cannot live a miserable life., Q.4 What is the tiger thinking while looking at the stars?, Ans. The tiger thinks about his day of freedom.How freely he spent those days.he also, laments over his present condition., Q.5 What message does the poet want to give in the line “His strength behind the bars”?, Ans. The poet wants to tell that the natural power and freedom, of the tiger is put behind the, bars.He wants to tell us about freedom of tiger., , 4. How to tell wild animals, Extract1, If ever you should go by chance, To jungle in the east, And if there should to you advance, A large and tawny beast, If he roars at you as you`re dyin’, You’ll know it is the Asian lion., Q.1 How does an Asian lion look?, Ans. An Asian lion is large and brownish yellow in colour., Q.2 What happens when the lion roars?, Ans. When the lion roars, it is very scary and it feels like we are going to die., , Extract- 2, If strolling forth,a beast you view,, Whose hide with spot in peppered,, As soon as he has lept on you,, You’ll know it is the Leopard., I’Twill do no good to roar with pain., He’ll only lep and lep again., Q.1 When does one come to know that it is a Leopard?, Ans. According to the poet, one come to know that it is a leopard when it leaps or jumps on, him., Q.2 How is leopard’s appearance described in these lines?, Ans. A leopard has black spots looks like black pepper. It is a wild beast quick in running, ,climbing and leaping., 43

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Extract -3, The true chameleon is small,, A lizard sort of thing;, He hasn’t any ears at all,, And not a single wing,, If there is nothing on the tree,, Tis the chameleon you see., Q.1 What does a chameleon look like?, Ans. A chameleon looks like a lizard., Q.2 What are the characteristics mentioned in these lines about a chameleon?, Ans. A chameleon doesn’t have ears and wings. He can change his colour according to the, surroundings, where he is., Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each], Q.1 How can you identify the Asian lion and the Bengal Tiger?, Ans. The Asian Lion has a large body and a brownish-yellow coat. It roars loudly when it, attacks it’s prey . On the other hand, the Bengal Tiger has black stripes on its yellow coat. It, silently attacks it’s prey ., Q.2 Write the sum and substance of the poem, “How to Tell Wild Animals”., Ans. The poet, Carolyn Wells, in the poem suggests some of the dangerous ways to identify, the wild animals. The poem is full of humorous examples when the poet tries to distinguish, one animal from the other. Moreover, the poem educates us by describing the various features, of wild animals., Q.3 How can you distinguish between a tiger and a leopard?, Ans. A tiger has black stripes on its yellow coat. A leopard on the other hand, does not have, any stripes. It has spots peppered on its body. Moreover, a tiger kills only when it is hungry,, while a leopard can kill for the pleasure of killing by pouncing continuously on its prey., Q.4 How can you distinguish between a hyena and a crocodile?, Ans. A hyena laughs as it swallows its victim, whereas a crocodile weeps as it swallows its, victim., Q.5 What does the Bengal Tiger look like? What is so distinct about him?, Ans. The Bengal Tiger roams freely in the forest. It is noble and majestic in stature. It wears, black stripes on a yellow hide. When it notices someone it tries to eat him. The Bengal tiger, attacks its prey very silently and grasps it with his terrifying teeth., , Q.6 How does the poet describe the bear?, Ans. The poet describes the bear in a humorous way. He says that as soon as a bear sees a, human being, it hugs him tightly. It clasps its prey tightly with both its hands and squeezes, him to death. If he is still alive, he gives him another tight hug to kill him., 44

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Q.7 What is so weird about the Hyena and the crocodile?, Ans. Some animals such as the hyena and the crocodile are famous for their weird behaviour., For example, a laughing hyena’s voice resembles human’s laughing sound. Moreover, a, hyena laughs while swallowing it’s prey, while a crocodile shed tears., , 5. Amanda!, Extract -1, Don’t eat that chocolate, Amanda!, Remember your acne, Amanda!, Will you please look at me when I’m speaking to you,, Amanda!, Q.1 Why is Amanda not looking at the speaker?, Ans. Amanda is lost in her own thoughts and is paying no attention to instructions being, given to her. That is why she is not looking at the speaker., Q.2 Why was Amanda’s mother scolding her to eat chocolate?, Ans. Amanda’s mother was scolding her can get acne by eating chocolate., , Extract -2, I am an orphan, roaming the street,, I pattern soft dust with my hushed, bare feet., The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet., Q.1 How is silence and freedom described in these lines?, Ans. Silence is described as golden and freedom is described as sweet., Q.2 What does the Amanda want to be an orphan?, Ans. Amanda wants to be an orphan because she doesn’t want her parents interference., Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each, Q.1 Write a short note on the title of the poem?, Ans. The title of the poem is Amanda as it revolves around the upbringing of little girl named, Amanda. Her life is full of struggles where she is denied freedom and expression. Amanda is, so much irritate that she escapes reality by living in her imaginative world. Through this, gateway she experiences calmness, away from her nagging parents., Q. 2 Why does Amanda seem moody most of the times?, Ans. Amanda seems moody most of the times because she is lost in an imaginary world. Her, mother is always scolding her and telling her what should and should not do. So Amanda, escapes into her own world she imagines herself as an orphan, a mermaid or a Rapunzel., 45

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Q.3 Do you consider Amanda’s mother to be a nagging mother?, Ans. Amanda’s mother is indeed a nagging mother. She is all about instructions and finding, faults. No doubt it is her responsibility to instil good values into her daughter, but not at the, cost of her child’s happiness. One should know how to strike a balance between maintaining, responsibilities and taking good care., , Q.4 Is Amanda at fault at all?, Ans. Amanda is not at fault at all. It is too harsh for a small child to understand the concept of, acne and not eating a chocolate. Love of parents is missing from Amanda’s life. It is with pity, that we look towards Amanda. There is nothing worst for a child who wishes to be an orphan., Amanda just seeks freedom from the overpowering environment around her., , 6. Animal, Extract -1, They do not sweat and whine about their condition,, They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins,, They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God,, Q. 1 How do they feel for their sins?, Ans. They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins., Q.2 Can you find the bad qualities of man as given in these lines?, Ans. Man always complains about their bad conditions. They discuss about duty to God and, make others feel bad., Extract -2, So they show their relations to me and I accept them,, They bring me tokens of myself, they evince, Them plainly in their possession, I wonder where they get those tokens,, Did I pass that way huge times ago and negligently drop them?, Q.1 What are the “ tokens” referred here in these lines ?, Ans. The “ tokens” referred here that the animal remind him of true values of the human, nature such as kindness and innocence., Q.2 What do the animals show to the poet?, Ans. The Animal have shown the poet their relations of love, equality. They have, uncomplaining and satisfied life to show the poet., Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each], , 46

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Q.1 Why does the poet like animals?, Ans. The poet likes animals for their self-contained and quiet nature. The fact that animals, are not like human beings and satisfied with their lives appeals to the poet a lot., Q.2 Why do animals not weep for their sins?, Ans. Animals do not weep for their sins because they do not need to do so. They are innocent, creatures that commit no sins. It is humans, who weep yet commit sins., Q.3 Differentiate between humans and animals in terms of desire., Ans. Animals are very different from humans as they have no desire to own things. They are, happy without an unending greed while humans become maniacs in their greed for, possessing valuables., Q.4 What does the poet mean by, “Not one is respectable or unhappy over the whole earth”?, Ans. The poet means that animals do not pray to God or to ancestors and all of them are, equal, hence no one is more respectable than the other. The good values of animals and the, lack of social conventions make them happy., Q.5 What is the theme of this poem ‘Animals’?, Ans. Poet wants to tell human beings that they must remove the discrimination, weaknesses, by learning from animals. They remain calm, self contained ,sinless and indiscriminate., , 7. The Trees, Extract-1, The trees inside are moving out into the forest,, the forest that was empty all these days, where no bird could sit, no insect hide, no sun bury its feet in shadow, the forest that was empty all these nights, will be full of trees by morning., Q.1 What was the cause of empty of the forest?, Ans. Man has used forests for their selfish ends. They have used them in the decoration of, their houses. This is the cause of empty of the forest., Q.2 Why are the birds, insects and sun affected by the absence of the trees?, Ans. Birds have no place to sit. Insects cannot find any place to hide and there is no, shadow in the forest by sunlight., Extract- 2, My head is full of whispers, which tomorrow will be silent., Listen .The glass is breaking., The trees are stumbling forward, Into the night . Winds rush to meet them., The moon is broken like a mirror,, 47

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Its pieces flash now in the crown, of the tallest oak., Q.1why are the trees stumbling?, Ans. The trees are stumbling because they hurry to move outside after breaking the glass., Q.2 Why is all this noise made?, Ans. All this noise made by the leaves , twigs and the tree because they all are trying to, set them free from the long exertion in the house., Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each, Question 1 : Where are the trees at present? What do their roots, and leaves do?, Answer: At present, the trees are in the house. The roots try to free themselves from the, cracks of the veranda floor, and the leaves make efforts to move towards the glass, perhaps in, search of light. The small branches become stiff as they try to pull themselves towards the, light., Question 2: What is the central idea of the poem, ‘The Trees’?, Answer: The central idea of the poem is the conflict between man and nature. A plant is, brought inside the house when it is a sapling. But as it grows into a tree, it gets suffocated, with the limited space available. So it departs to feel free. The tree is thus, moving out to, occupy the now empty forest, made so by man’s indiscriminate felling of trees. Humans must, understand the negative impact of their actions on nature and mend their ways before it is too, late., Question 3: Why is the description of the moon different in the beginning and at the end of, the third stanza?, Answer: At the beginning of the third stanza, the poet says that one can see the whole moon, shining in the open sky, but in the end, the moon seems to be broken like a mirror and its, pieces shine in the crown of the tallest oak tree. The change is caused by the shifting of the, trees outside., Question 4: Why are the trees described in the first stanza not useful for birds or insects?, Answer: The trees described in the first stanza are either decorative plants kept inside a, house, or they are shown only in a painting or picture. Therefore, they are not useful for birds, or insects. Birds cannot sit on their branches. Insects cannot hide in them., , 8. The Tale of Custard the Dragon, Extract-1, Belinda lived in a little white house,, With a little black kitten and a little grey mouse,, And a little yellow dog and a little red wagon,, And a realio, trulio, little pet dragon, Q.1 Where and with whom did Belinda live?, , 48

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Ans. Belinda lived in a little white house. There were four friends of Belinda who live, with her., , Q.2 Write about the four friends of Belinda?, Ans. There was a little black kitten, a little grey mouse , a little yellow dog and a real little, pet dragon. These are the friends of Belinda., , Extract -2, Belinda, No one, Ink and, Around, , embraced him, mustard licked him,, mourned for his pirate victim., Blink in glee did gyrate, the dragon that ate the pirate., , Q.1 What was everyone’s reaction after custard gobbled the pirate?, Ans. Everyone became happy and hugged custard. Ink and Blink started to dance around him., Q. 2 Why is the pirate called a victim here?, Ans. The pirate is called a victim because he suffered death at the hands of custard as he, ate him up., Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks each], Q.1 What did Custard look like?, Ans. Custard looked really dangerous with spikes on his top and scales underneath. His, mouth was like a fireplace and nose like a chimney. His toes looked like daggers., Q.2. Describe the bravery of everyone in the house., Ans. Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears. Ink and Blink were brave enough to, chase lions away. Mustard’s bravery was like a tiger’s rage. It was only Custard, who was a, coward, everyone else was very brave., Q.3 What did everyone do when the pirate came?, Ans. When the pirate came, Belinda cried for help and became pale with fear. Mustard ran, away with a terrified cry and Ink trickled to the bottom of the house while Blink disappeared, in his mouse hole. Custard jumped in front of the Pirate to fight him., , Q. 4 Did Custard accept his cowardice and their bravery?, Ans. Yes, Custard seemed like a really humble animal as even after killing the pirate he, accepted that he is a coward and everyone else is braver than him., Q. 5 ‘But Custard cried for a nice safe cage. ’ Who is Custard? Why did he cry for a ‘nice, safe cage’?, Ans. Custard is Belinda’s pet Dragon. He cried for a nice safe cage because he was a coward,, who feared easily and looked for comfort and safety of himself., 49

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PASSAGES FROM TEXT BOOK (FIRST FLIGHT), Passage: 1, Not a leaf remained on the trees. The corn was totally destroyed. The flowers were gone from, the plants. Lencho’s soul was filled with sadness. When the storm had passed, he stood in the, middle of the field and said to his sons, “A plague of locusts would have left more than this., The hail has left nothing. This year we will have no corn.”, That night was a sorrowful one., “All our work, for nothing.”, “There’s no one who can help us.”, “We’ll all go hungry this year.”, Questions:, 1. Tick the correct answers:, (i), The damage costs to Lencho is compared with :, (a) Attack by rats, (b), attack by crows, (c ) Plague of locusts, (d), None of the above, (ii), , Which crop was growing on Lencho’s fields, (a) Corn, (b), Barley, (c) Rice, (d), Ragi, , 2. Answer the following questions, (i) Describe Lencho’s feeling as shown in the passage?, (ii) What happened to the crop when the storm had passed?, 3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – Balls of ice that falls from the sky., (ii)Give an opposite word for “preserved”, Answers:, 1. (i), c, (ii), a, 2. (i), Lencho’s soul was filled with sadness., (ii), The corn was totally destroyed. The flowers were gone from the plants, when the storm had passed., 3. (i), Hail, (ii) Destroyed, Passage: 2, That was twenty-four hours ago. Since then nobody had come near him. The day before, all, day long, he had watched his parents flying about with his brothers and sister, perfecting, them in the art of flight, teaching them how to skim the waves and how to dive for fish. He, had, in fact, seen his older brother catch his first herring and devour it, standing on a rock,, while his parents circled around raising a proud cackle. And all the morning the whole family, had walked about on the big plateau midway down the opposite cliff taunting him with his, cowardice., Questions:, 1. Tick the correct answers:, (i), What were his parents teaching his brothers and sister?, 50

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(a) To perfect the art of flying, (b) To skim the waves, (c) To dive for fishing, (d) All of the above., For how long had the young seagull been alone on his ledge?, (a) 21 hours, (b) 22 hours, (c) 23 hours, (d) 24 hours, , (ii), , 2. Answer the following questions:, (i), Why did the young seagull’s parents circled round raising a proud cackle?, (ii), Why were the young seagull’s families taunting him?, 3,(i), , Find out the word from the passage which means – To eat greedily,, , (ii) Give an antonym for bravery:, Answers:, 1.(i) (d), (ii) (d), 2.(i) His older brother catch his first herring and devour it, standing on a rock, while his, parents circled around raising a proud cackle., (ii) The young seagull’s family was taunting him due to his cowardice for refusing to fly, away., 3. (i) Devour, (ii) Cowardice, Passage: 3, After half an hour the strange black aeroplane was still there in front of me in the clouds., Now there was only enough fuel in the old Dakota’s last tank to fly for five or ten minutes, more. I was starting to feel frightened again. But then he started to go down and I followed, through the storm., Suddenly I came out of the clouds and saw two long straight lines of lights in front of me. It, was a runway! An airport! I was safe! I turned to look for my friend in the black aeroplane,, but the sky was empty. There was nothing there. The black aeroplane was gone. I could not, see it anywhere., Questions, 1. Tick the correct answers :, (i).(A)What made the pilot frighten again while following the strange aeroplane:, (a), (b), (c), (d), , The density of the storm, The technical problem in the engine, The shortage of fuel, Black aeroplane., , (ii)Did the narrator see the black aeroplane when he was landing, (a) Yes, he did, (b), (c )Yes, he did, but soon disappear (d), 51, , No, he didn’t, none of the above

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2. Answer the following questions:, (i) What did he see when he came out of the clouds?, (ii) How much fuel was left in his old Dakota’s last tank?, 3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – having fear, (ii) Give the opposite of - “Familiar”, Answers:, 1.(i) (c),, , (ii) (b), , 2, (i), When he came out of the cloud he saw two long straight lines of lights, in front of his. It was an airport., (ii), There was only enough fuel in the old Dakota’s last tank to fly for five, or ten minutes more., 3. (i), , Frightened, , (ii), , Strange, , Passage: 4, My father, the most adorable father I’ve ever seen, didn’t marry my mother until he was, thirty- six and she was twenty-five. My sister,Margot,was born in Frankfurt in Germany in, 1926. I was born on 12th June, 1929. I lived in Frankfurt until I was four. My father emigrated, to Holland in 1933. My mother, Edith Hollander Frank, went with him to Holland in, September, while Margot and I were sent to Aachen to stay with our grandmother., Questions, 1. Tick the correct answers :, (i), With whom did the author live in Aachen?, (a) Father, (b), Mother, (c ) Brother, (d) grandmother, (ii), , How does the Anne Frank explain his father:, (a) Most angry father, (b), Most adorable father, (c ) Most dedicate father (d), None of the above, , 2. Answer the following questions:, (i), When was the narrator born?, (ii), Why were the narrator and her sister sent to Aachen?, 3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – One that leaves one place to settle, in another., (ii)Give an antonym for hateful, Answers:, 1.(i) (d), , (ii) (b), , 52

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2.(i), , Narrator was born in 12th June, 1929., , (ii) The narrator and her sister were sent to Aachen as her father had emigrated to Holland, along with her mother and there was no one to look after them., 3.(i), , Emigrated, , (ii), , Adorable, , Passage: 5, Wanda didn’t have any friends. She came to school alone and went home alone. She always, wore a faded blue dress that didn’t hang right. It was clean, but it looked as though it had, never been ironed properly. She didn’t have any friends, but a lot of girls talked to her., Sometimes, they surrounded her in the school yard as she stood watching the little girls play, hopscotch on the worn hard ground., “Wanda,” Peggy would say in a most courteous manner as though she were talking to Miss, Mason. “Wanda,” she’d say, giving one of her friends a nudge, “tell us. How many dresses, did you say you had hanging up in your closet?”, “A hundred,” Wanda would say., Questions:, 1. Tick the correct answers:, (i), How many dresses Wanda says she had?, (a) One hundred, (b) Two hundred, (b), Three hundred (c) Four hundred, (ii), , How many friends did Wand have?, (a), Two, (b), She didn’t have any friends, (c ) She had a lot of friends (d) None of the above, , 2. Answer the following questions:, (i), What did Wanda always wear?, (ii), Where did the girls surround her?, 3. (i) Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘a gentle push’, (ii) Give the opposite of – “Impolite”, Answers:, 1. (i), a, (b), b, 2. (i), Wanda always wore a faded blue dress that didn’t hang right. It was clean, but, it looked as though it had never been ironed properly., (ii) The girl surrounded her in the school yard as she stood watching the little girl, play hopscotch on the worn hard ground., 3. (i), Nudge, (ii), Courteous, Passage: 6, Marriage gifts are meaningless without the sweet bread known as the bol, just as a party or a, feast loses its charm without bread. Not enough can be said to show how important a baker, can be for a village. The lady of the house must prepare sandwiches on the occasion of her, 53

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daughter’s engagement. Cakes and bolinhas are a must for Christmas as well as other, festivals. Thus, the presence of the baker’s furnace in the village is absolutely essential., Questions, 1. Tick the correct answers :, (i), With what name sweet bread known?, (a) Pader, (b), Bol, (ii), , 2., , (c), , Sandwich (d) Cake, , What are compulsorily prepared during Christmas in Goa?, (a) Sweets, (b), Bread, (c) Cakes &bolinhas, (d Sandwiches, Answer the following questions:, (i), (ii), , What is must be prepared on a daughter’s engagement by a lady?, Why is a Beaker necessary in a village?, , (i), Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘Celebration Meal’, (iii), Give the opposite of – “Absence”, Answers:, 1.(i) b, (ii), c, 2.(i) The lady of the house must be prepared sandwiches on the occasion of her daughter’s, engagement., (ii), A Baker is necessary in a village because different kinds of breads are required by the, villagers for daily use as well as for special occasion., 3, , 2. (i) Feast, , (ii), , Absence, , Passage : 7, “Well, there’s the one about the Chinese emperor who always boiled water before drinking it., One day a few leaves of the twigs burning under the pot fell into the water giving it a, delicious flavor. It is said they were tea leaves.”, “Tell me another!” scoffed Pranjol., “We have an Indian legend too. Bodhidharma, an ancient Buddhist ascetic, cut off his eyelids, because he felt sleepy during meditation. The leaves of these plants when put in hot water, and drunk banished sleep., “Tea was first drunk in China,” Rajvir added, “as far back as 2700 B.C.! In fact words such, as tea, ‘chai’ and ‘chini’ are from Chinese. Tea came to Europe only in the sixteenth century, and was drunk more as medicine than as beverage.”, 1. Tick the correct answers :, (i), Rajvir told about the story of ------- who was responsible for discovering tea, (a) African Emperor, (b) Old scientist, (c )Chinese emperor, (d) British emperor, (ii), Rajvir told another story of Buddhist monk named, (a) Bodhinanak, (b) Bodhidharma, (c )Dalailama, (d) Vishwakarma, 2. Answer the following questions:, 54

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(i), (ii), 3. (i), (ii), , Why did an ancient Budhist cut off his eyelids?, How was tea drunk in sixteenth century?, Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘Tasty’, Give the opposite of – ‘Modern’, , Answers:, 1.(i) c, (ii), b, 2.(i) An ancient Budhist cut of his eyelids because he felt sleepy during meditation, (ii) Tea was drunk in sixteenth century as medicine than as beverage., 3.(i), , Delicious, , (ii), , Ancient, , Passage: 8, Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality, and they are more than willing to recount, numerous tales of valour related to their sons and fathers. The Coorg Regiment is one of the, most decorated in the Indian Army, and the first Chief of the Indian Army, General Cariappa,, was a Coorgi. Even now, Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearms, without a licence., The river, Kaveri, obtains its water from the hills and forests of Coorg. Mahaseer- a large, freshwater fish- abounds in these waters., 1. Tick the correct answers :, (i), The first Chief of the Indian Army is from, (a) Coorg, (b), Goa, (c) Mysore, (ii), The largest fresh water fish is ___, (a) Whale (b), Mahaseer, (c), Dolphin, , (d), (d), , Kerala, , Rohu, , 2., , Answer the following questions :, (i), What is the tradition of Coorgi homes?, (ii), Which people in India are permitted to carry firearms without a licence?, 3. (i), Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘a place covered with, trees’, (ii), Give the opposite of – ‘Prohibited’, Answers:, 1.(i) (a), (ii) (b), 2.(i) Coorgi homes have a tradition of hospitality., (ii) Kodavus are the only people in India permitted to carry firearm without a license, 3(i) forest, (ii) permitted, Passage: 9, At that point he became known as the Buddha (the Awakened or the Enlightened). The, Buddha preached his first sermon at the city of Benaras, most holy of the dipping places on, River Ganges; that sermon has been preserved and is given here. It reflects the Buddha’s, wisdom about one inscrutable kind of suffering., 55

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Kisa Gotami had an only son, and he died. In her grief she carried the dead child to all her, neighbours, asking them for medicine, and the people said, “She has lost her senses. The boy, is dead.”, At length, Kisa Gotami met a man who replied to her request, “I cannot give the medicine for, the child, but I know a physician who can.”, And the girl said, “Pray tell me, sir; who is it?’ And the man replied. ‘Go to Sakyamuni, the, Buddha.’, 1 Tick the correct answers :, (i), Buddha preached his first sermon at(a) Gaya, (b) Benaras, (c ) Ranchi, (ii), , (d) Gorakhpur, , What did Kisa ask for to bring her son back to life?, (a) Medicine, (b) Money, (c ) Doctor, , (d) Prayers, , 2 Answer the following questions :, (i), What did Kisa Gotami do in grief?, (ii), What did the man say to Kisa Gotami?, 3 (i), (ii), , Find out the word from the passage which means – ‘Speech’, Give the opposite of – ‘Joy’, , Answers:, 1., , (i) (b), , (ii) (a), , 2. (i)In her grief KisaGotami carried her dead son to all her neighbours for medicine ., (ii) The man said to KisaGotami that he could not give her son medicine but he, knew a physician who would give her medicine., 3. (i), , Sermon, , (ii), , Grief, , QUESTION ANSWERS TEXT BOOK (FIRST FLIGHT), 1. A LETTER TO GOD, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q1) What did Lencho hope for?, Lencho was a farmer. The only thing he desired and prayed for were showers for his field, of ripe crops. So that it could harvest well. If the showers did not come, the crop would die,, and it would lead to a big loss., Q2) How did the rain change? What happened to Lencho's fields?, 56

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The seasoned welcomed good rains and Lencho was certain he would get a good harvest, this time. But the rains soon turned into storms and were accompanied by winds and, hailstorms. The harsh weather destroyed his crops completely., Q3) Who was Lencho? What were his main problems?, Lencho was a hardworking farmer, who lived on the crest of a low hill. Due to the, hailstorm his crops were destroyed, so he needed money to sow his field again and support, his family. These were the main problems of Lencho., Q4) How did the post master helped Lencho?, The postmaster was determined to help Lencho. He did not want Lencho's faith in God to, be shaken so he asked his employees and friends to help Lencho. He also contributed a part, of his salary for this act of charity., , Q5) Why did Lencho write a letter to God? Who received the letter and what did he do?, Lencho was a hard-working farmer. He was expecting a good harvest. But unfortunately, a, hail storm came and destroyed his crop completely. He had no money to purchase the seed, for sowing. But he had a firm faith in God. He believed that God would help him. He was a, simple man. He wrote a letter to God. He asked God to send him a hundred pesos. He wanted, this money in order to sow seeds again and to live until the next harvest season. Lencho went, to town and posted the letter. At the post-office, a postman took out the letter from the, letterbox. He read the address on it and had a good laugh. He showed the letter to the, postmaster and was greatly impressed by the faith of Lencho. He did not want to shake, Lencho’s faith in God. He collected money from his employees. He put this money into an, envelope and addressed it to Lencho., Q6) What did the postmaster need to answer the letter? How did he collect it?, Lencho’s crop had been destroyed. He needed God’s help. So he wrote a letter to God., He posted the letter. At the post-office, a postman took the letter out of the letterbox. He, laughed at reading the address. He showed the letter to the postmaster. The postmaster also, laughed. But he praised Lencho’s firm faith in God. He did not want to shake this faith. He, was very kind. He decided to help Lencho. He and the post-office employees collected some, money. The postmaster gave a part of his salary. They put the money into an envelope and, addressed it to Lencho., , 57

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2. TWO STORIES ABOUT FLYING, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q1) Describe the first flight of the young seagull?, The young seagull dived at the fish due to hunger and fell outwards and downwards into, space. He thought of getting drowned but his wings spread outwards automatically. He, moved downwards and outwards and landed safely on the sea and floated on it without any, fear., Q2) How did seagull's parents try to make him fly?, Seagull's parents tried everything to make him fly. They screamed, scolded and threatened, to let him starve on the ledge unless he flew away., Q3) Describe author’s feeling while he was flying his aero plane back to England?, The author was very excited while he was flying his aero plane back to England because he, wanted to spend his holiday with his family at home., Q4) How much fuel was there in the aero plane when the writer started flying?, There was sufficient fuel in the tanks of the aero plane to reach England safely when the, writer started flying., Q5) Who do you think helped the narrator to reach safely?, The pilot of the black plane asked the narrator to follow him and the writer landed safely., Q6) Why was the writer shocked after hearing the woman’s word?, The writer was shocked after hearing the woman’s word because she told him that there, was no other aero plane flying that night as she had seen on the radar., Q7) How did the young seagull get over his fear of sea water and what was his family’s, reaction on it?, The young seagull had made his maiden flight successfully. He was flying straight over the, sea. He observed a vast green sea all around him. He turned his beak sideways and cawed, amusedly. His family was very happy and landed ahead of him. They beckoned to him. When, he landed on the sea, he began to sink but he tried in despair and his belly touched the water, and he sank no further. He was floating on water. This way he got over his fear of seawater, and his family praised him a lot and offered him the dog-fish as a reward., Q8) “Mother is the first teacher”. Do you agree with this statement? Explain with reference to, the young seagull., Yes, it is true that mother is the first teacher. It is a well known point for all. A baby takes, birth and first of all sees mother’s face. It is mother who gives him a new life by feeding him., The mother helps a baby to walk him first step. The mother introduces him to this world,, gives him knowledge of relations. She teaches him how to speak. She gives him power and, strength to face the difficulties of life. The same thing we find in this story, when no one, could encourage the young seagull to fly, his mother thought out a plan and took a piece of, fish near him, but she did not go nearer and her plan worked., Q9) How did the writer get out of the storm in the night to land safely?, 58

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The writer was flying his old Dakota aero plane when he saw the black clouds. He was lost, in the storm. Suddenly, he saw a black aero plane by his side, which had no lights, on its, wings. The pilot instructed the writer to follow as he had lost the way. He obeyed him like a, child. He was very happy to follow him. After some time the pilot of the other plane started, to land. The writer followed him blindly through the storm and came out of the clouds. He, saw the lights of the runway and landed safely., Q10) Why was the writer happy when he decided to fly in the night?, The writer was very happy when he decided to fly that night because he was going home to, his family to enjoy his holiday. When he started, everything seemed to be perfect. The sky, was clear, no clouds could be seen and the stars were shining. It all made it an easy task for, the writer to fly that night over the sleeping countryside of Paris. His assumption of, everything being in place made him happy., , 3. NELSON MANDELA : LONG WALK TO FREEDOM, TENTH May dawned bright and clear. For the past few days I had been pleasantly, besieged by dignitaries and world leaders who were coming to pay their respects before the, inauguration. The inauguration would be the largest gathering ever of international leaders on, South African soil., The ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheatre formed by the Union, Buildings in Pretoria-for decades this had been the seat of white supremacy and now it was, the first democratic non-racial government., Answer the following questions, 1 (i), , The dignitaries and the world leaders were coming to _______ before the, inauguration, (a), , India, , (b), , America, , (c), , Australia, , (d), , South Africa, , Ans, , (d) South Africa, , (ii), , The inauguration was held on ________, (a), , 10th June, , (b), , 20th May, , (c), , 10th May, , (d), , 5th May, , Ans, , (c), , 10th may, , 2 (i), , What had been the seat of white supremay?, , 59

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Ans, , The amphitheatre situated in Pretoria had been the seat of white supremacy., , (ii), , Why did people gather there?, , Ans, , People gathered there for the inauguration of South Africa's first democratic non, racial government., , 3 (i), , Find from the passage the word which means: to be surrounded closely by, , Ans, , besieged by, , (ii), , Find the word from the passage which is opposite to 'same', , Ans, , different, , ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q.1, , Q.2, , Q.3, , Q.4, , Q.5, , Q.6, , When was the inauguration day?, (A), , 10 May, , (b), , 10 March, , (c), , 20 May, , (d), , 20 March, , [ ], , It was a celebration of South Africa's first government., (a), , Autocratic racial, , (b), , Democratic, non-racial, , (c), , Democratic racial, , (d), , Monarch non racial, , [ ], , How many deputy presidents were elected?, (a), , Two, , (b), , Three, , (c), , One, , (d), , None, , [ ], , Why did there countries break off diplomatic relations with South Africa?, (a), , White nelers, , (b), , Other countries are racial, , (c), , It is a poor country, , (d), , Apartheid policy, , [ ], , What change brought international leaders to south Africa?, (a), , End of Apartheid, , (b), , (c), , Peace, , Trade Negotiations., , (d), , Humanity, [ ], , "We thank all of our distinguished international guests for having come to take, possession with the people of our country of what is ofter all, a common victory for?, (a), , Justice, , (b), , (c), , Human dignity, , Peace, (d), , all of the above, 60, , [ ]

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Q.7, , Q.8, , Q.9, , What was it that the nation needed to be liberated from?, (a), , Poverty, , (b), , Gender discrimination, , (c), , Deprivation, , (d), , all of the above, , We have achieved our political emancipation.what is the meaning of emancipation?, (a), , Freedom from restriction, , (b), , Enslavement, , (c), , Slavery, , (d), , Both B and C, , [ ], , The spectacular array of South Africa jets was a display of ______., (a) military's precision, (c), , Q.10, , [ ], , Both A and B, , (b), (d), , military’s loyalty to democracy, , None of the above [ ], , What colours does the new South African flag possess?, (a), , Black, red, green, blue & gold, , (b), , Black, red, yellow, blue & gold, , (c), , Arrange, black, yellow, blue, & green, , (d), , Black, blue, violet, Saffrah & green, , ANSWER KEY., 1., , A - 10th may, , 2., , B - Democratic, non-racial, , 3., , A – Two, , 4., , D - Apartheid policy, , 5., , A - End of apartheid, , 6., , D - all of the above, , 7., , D - all of the above, , 8., , A - Freedom from restriction, , 9., , C - Both A and B, , 10., , A - black, red, yellow, blue & gold, 61, , [ ]

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ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q.1, , Where did the ceremonies take place? Can you name any public buildings in India, that are made of sandstone?, , Ans, , The Ceremonies took place in the lovely sandstone amphitheater formed by the Union, Buildings in Pretoria., The Parliament Bhavan in New Delhi, the supreme court of India in New Delhi and, Madras High court in Chennai are some examples of Indian public buildings that are, made of sandstone., , Q.2, , What do the military generals do? How has their attitude changed, and why?, , Ans, , The highest military general of South Africa deference force and police saluted, Mandela and pledged their loyalty., Their attitude has changed towards the blacks because of the struggles and sacrifies, they have made for the freedom of South Africa. This struggle for freedom has, brought a great change in the mindsets of many people. So, instead of arresting, Mandela, the military generals saluted him., , Q.3, , Why were two national anthems sung?, , Ans, , Two national anthems were sung because they showed two visions of the white and of, the black. The white wanted to show respect to their national anthem and the black to, their ones. This symbolized the equality of blacks and whites, , Q.4, , What does courage mean to Mandela?, , Ans, , To Mandela courage does not mean the absence of fear but the triumph over it. The, brave man is not the one who does not feel afraid but the person who conquers that, fear., , Q.5, , What 'twin obligations' does Mandela mention?, , Ans, , According to Mandela every man has to fulfil two obligations. The first one is his, duties towards , his family, parents, wife and children. The second obligation in his, duties towards his community, people and his country., , Q.6, , Recount in brief the chief events of 10th May 1994., , Ans, , The day of 10th may 1994 was bright and clear-Nelson Mandela was sworned in as, South Africa's first black president- His African National Congress (ANC) party had, 62

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won in the first democratic elections of South Africa . The inauguration ceremony, took place in the Union Building's amphitheatre in Pretoria-politicians and dignitaries, from nearly 140 or so countries attended the ceremony. Men, women and children of, all races of South Africa sang and danced with joy., Q.7, , What is the vision of Nelson Mandela for the future of South Africa?, , Ans, , Nelson Mandela said that the people of South Africa share their victory for justice,, peace and human dignity with the rest of the world. The political emancipation has, been achieved, but the problems of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender and other, discrimination remain to be solved. Also, he declared that never, never and never, again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by, another., , Q.8, , What does Nelson Mandela mean by an ‘’extraordinary human disaster’’?, , Ans, , These were the practice of apartheid in South Africa. The black suffered most due to, colour discrimination .The policy of apartheid of white race against the black people, is called an ‘’extraordinary human disaster ‘’by Mandela. The white people ruled, South Africa and snatched the freedom of the black natives of the country .The black, people of the country were not free to discharge their obligations to their families and, societies .If they tried do so, they would be sent to jail and bound to live a life of a, slave, , 4, , FROM THE DIARY OF ANNE FRANK, , ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q1. What makes writing in a diary a strange experience for Anne Frank?, Ans, , Writing in a diary was a strange experience for Anne Frank because she never had a, diary and it was a gift on her 13th birthday. It seemed to her that nobody would be, interesting later in her musings., , Q.2, , Why does Anne want to keep a diary?, , Ans, , Anne was an introvert and had no close friend to share her feeling with. She felt that, paper has more patience than people., , Q.3, , What tells you that Anne loved and grandmother?, OR, 63

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Anne Frank had a great attachment with her grandmother. Justify your answer., Ans, , Anne's birthday was celebrated without her grandmother. Anne was not happy., Grandmother candle was lit along the rest. The birthday was a make up for others., This shows that Anne loved her grandmother., , Q.4, , Why was Mr. Keesing annoyed with Anne? What did he ask her to do?, OR, How was Anne getting along with her teachers? Why was Mr. Keesing annoyed with, her?, , Ans, , Anne was getting along pretty well with all her teachers. But Mr. keesing was, annoyed with Anne because she talked too much in his period As a punishment he, asked her, write an essay on the topic ‘’Chatterbox’’, , Q.5, , Why does Anne provide a brief sketch of here life?, , Ans, , Anne provides a brief sketch of her life because she wanted to describe about her, family, school and herself. By reading her diary, it could help the reader to develop, some sort of connection with her and all the activities that were happening around her, at that time., , Q.6, , How did Anne justify her being a chatterbox in her essay/, OR, , What does Anne write in her first essay?, Ans., , As a punishment Mr. Keesing gave Anne a topic 'Chatterbox’' to write an essay. He, thought Anne would stop talking. But Anne justified her habit of talking in the essay., She wrote that talking is a natural trait in students. She explained that talking was an, inherited trait in her as her mother also talked too much. Thus justified her habit of, talking., , Q.7, , What made Mr. Keesing allow Anne the talk in class?, , Ans, , Mr. Keesing was trying to play a practical joke on Anne. He had given a funny topic, to Anne to write an essay on it. She wrote it in a beautiful poem. It was about a, mother duck, father swan with three baby ducklings that were killed by their father, , 64

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because they talked too much. Mr. Keesing took the joke the reghtway. He praised, Anne. As a result he allowed Anne to talk in class., Q.8, , Anne says teachers are most unpredictable Is Mr. Keesing unpredictable? How?, OR, Why did Anne frank say that teachers are the most unpredictable creatures on earth?, , Ans, , Anne feels that teachers are the most unpredictable creatures. What would they do, nest is always uncertain. Mr. Keesing is too unpredictable. He finds a strange way to, punish Anne Finally he allowed her to talk in the class. Thus Anne finds him an, unpredictable., , 5-6 THE HUNDRED DRESSES I & II, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q1., , How did Peggy and Maddie different from Wanda?, , Ans., , Both Peggy and Maddie were Americans but Wanda was a polish girl. Peggy and, Maddie were best friends she had no friends. Peggy and Maddie used to tease Wanda, but she never said anything Wanda had only one dress but Peggy and Maddie had, many. Peggy is the most liked girl of the school but it was not so with Wanda., , Q2., , How can you say that Wanda liked her old school, its students and teachers?, , Ans., , Wanda wrote a letter to her old teacher Miss Mason. She wrote that she missed that, school and Teacher and student. She wished Merry Christmas to Miss Mason and, every body. She gifted all the drawings of hundred dresses to all her old friends., , Q3., , How did Maddie feel after listening to the note from Wanda’s father?, , Ans., , After listening to the note from Wanda’s father. Maddie felt greatly hurt. She cannot, , put her mind on her work. She considered herself coward. She thought that she could have, asked Peggy not to tease Wanda but she could not do so., Q4., , Why do you think Wanda gave Maddie and Peggy the drawing of the dresses? Why, were they surprised?, , 65

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Ans., , Wanda gave Maddie and Peggy the drawing of dresses because she liked them and, had no prejudices against them. They were surprised because they found their own, faces in the drawings that were given to them., , Q5., , Where did Wanda live? What kind of a place do you think it is?, , Ans., , Wanda Lived at Boggins Heights. I think that the place must be a hut. Wanda’s feet, are always covered with dusty., , Q6., , Did Wanda have a hundred dresses? Why do you think she said she did?, , Ans., , No, Wanda did not really have a hundred dresses. I think she said so as she wanted to, impress the other girls and enjoy the situation., , 7. GLIMPSES OF INDIA, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q1. What is the Kabai?, Ans. The Kabai is a traditional dress of the baker. It was worn by the baker or bread-seller, during the days of Portugese in Goa. It was a single-piece long frock which reached down to, the knees., Q2. What do you learn from the financial condition of the bakers of Goa?, Ans. In Goa, bread was an essential part of daily life. Sweet dishes made of bread made of, bread were also essential for various occasions like marriage ceremonies, engagements,, Christmas and others festivals. In this way the profession of baking was a profitable one. The, baker and his family never starved. He and his family and his servants too always looked, happy and prosperous., Q3. Where were the monthly accounts of the baker recorded?, Ans. Monthly accounts of the baker were recorded on some wall in the house with a pencil., Q4. Why does the author tell Coorg a piece of heaven?, Ans. The author tells Coorg a piece of heaven because it has all the qualities of heaven. The, author says that it must drift from the kingdom of God. This is the land of rolling hills, which, is inhabited by a race of martial men and beautiful women., Q5. Which is the best period for visiting Coorg?, Ans. The best period for visiting Coorg is from September to March.. In the period from, September to March the weather is lovely with some showers. The air is full of invigorating, coffee., Q6. Where is Coorg or Kodagu situated?, 66

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Ans. Coorg or Kodagu is situated midway between Mysore and the coastal town of, Mangalore. It is the smallest district of Karnataka. It seems to be a piece of heaven drifted, from the kingdom of God., Q7. What magical effect does tea leaves contain?, Ans. Tea contains the magical effect that it can banish sleep when it is drunk after boiling in, hot water. It works as a medicine. It removes tiredness of mind and body and provides, liveliness., Q8. What is an Indian Legend about tea?, Ans. An Indian Legend about the discovery of tea is that a Buddhist ascetic cut off his eyelids, because he felt sleepy during meditations. Ten tea plants grew out of the eyelids. These tea, leaves when put in hot water and drunk banished sleep. In this way tea came into existence as, medicine and beverage., Q9. How are the tea pluckers different from the others from labourers?, Ans. The tea pluckers have to keep a bamboo basket on their backs. They wear plastic, aprons. They pluck the newly sprouted leaves of tea-plants and drop them in them in their, bamboo baskets. On the other hand the other farm labourers don’t have to wear apron. They, don’t carry bamboo baskets on their backs. They have to use sickle or other equipments., Answer the following questions, Q1. Give a pen-portrait of a baker in Goa?, Ans.A baker had an important place in the village life of Goa. Marriage gifts were, meaningless without bol or sweet bread, cakes and bolinhas at Christmas and other festivals., In the old days, the bakers used to wear a peculiar dress “kabai” a single piece long frock, reaching down the knees. Later they started wearing a shirt and trousers which were longer, than the shorts and shorter than the full length pants. Their family and servants never starved., Their plump physique was a testimony of their prosperity and good income. He would come, twice a day and then, the children of the house would crowd around his basket to choose the, bread – bangles. Even today, baking and bakers are famous in Goa. They still use traditional, furnaces to bake bread and cakes. These bakers are known as paders in Goa., Q2. Describe the rainforests, the river Kaveri and coffee plantations in Coorg?, Ans. Coorg is a land of rolling hills and rainforests. The rainforests dominate the landscape of, Coorg. They cover over thirty percent of Coorg. The rainforests have a lot of rains during the, monsoons. The ideal tourists season starts from September and ends in March. The hills and, rainforests are the sources of the Kaveri. Mahaseer, a large freshwater fish, abound in Kaveri, waters. The forests of Coorg have a rich flora and fauna. Birds, bees, butterflies, Malabar, squirrels, languor’s and wild elephants find their shelter in the rainforests of Coorg. The very, air of Coorg smells of fresh coffee. Coffee estates and colonial buildings are scattered all, around amid the rolling hills., , 67

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8.THE SERMON AT BENARES, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q1. Who was Gautama Buddha?, Ans. Gautama Buddha was a prince. His name was Siddhartha. He lived from. At the age of, twelve, he was sent for schooling in the Hindu sacred scriptures. At the age of sixteen, he, married a princess. He had a son. He lived for ten years as a befitted royalty. At the age of, twenty five, he become a monk and went out into the world to seek enlightenment concerning, the sorrows he witnessed., Q2. Where did Buddha give his first sermon and what did it reflect?, Ans. Buddha gave his first sermon at the city of Benares. It is the holiest dipping place on the, river Ganges. The sermon reflected his wisdom about one inscrutable kind of suffering., Q3. When her son dies, Kisa Gotami goes from house to house? What does she ask for?, Ans. After the death of her only son, Kisa Gotami was overcome with grief. She carried the, dead body of her son in her arms and went from door to door asking for medicine to cure her, child, but nobody could provide any medicine., Q4. Why did Gotami not get only a handful of mustard seeds?, Ans. Gotami did not get only a handful of mustard seeds because she was told by the Buddha, to carry a handful of mustard seed but from the house where no one had lost a child, husband,, parent or friend. She did not find such a house, Q5. Why is human life compared with the earthly things?, Ans. Human life is compared with the earthly things because both are made to be destroyed., As a ripe fruit is early in danger of falling, in the same way a living being is always in danger, of dying., Q6. What ultimate truth did Gotami learn?, Ans. Gotami learnt the fate of men. She learnt that their lives are like lights. As the lights, flicker up and extinguish again, so is the life of living beings that flickers up and extinguishes, again. She knowing that we are humans and it is natural for us to die. We do not easily accept, the death of our loved ones., Q7. Why and how did Siddhartha Gautama become the Buddha?, Ans. Gautama Buddha was born as a prince named Siddhartha Gautama in northern India. At, the age of twelve, he was sent away for learning the Hindu sacred scriptures. Four years later, he returned home to marry a princess. They had a son and lived for ten years as befitted, royalty. Up to the age of twenty five, the prince was shielded from the sufferings of the, world., Then while going out for hunting, he came across by chance a sick man, an aged man, a, funeral procession, and finally a monk begging for alms. These sights moved the prince so, much that he went out into the world to seek a state of high spiritual knowledge concerning, the sorrows of human beings. He wandered for seven years and finally sat down under a, 68

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peepal tree. He got enlightenment after seven days. After that he came to be known as the, Buddha., Q8. How did Buddha make Kisa Gotami understand about the reality of death?, Ans. Kisa Gotami’s only son had died. In her grief she carried the dead child to all her, neighbors, asking them for medicine. Then a man suggested her to go to Sakyamuni, the, Buddha. Kisa Gotami requested Gautama Buddha to give her the medicine that would cure, her son., The Buddha replied that he wanted a handful of mustard seed which must be taken from a, house where no one had lost a child, husband, parent or friend. KisaGotami went from house, to house. People pitied her but she could not find any house where near and dear one had not, died. She thought how selfish she had been in her grief. She realized that death is common to, all human beings., , FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET, , 1. A Triumph of surgery, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q.1 How was the figure of Tricki?, (A) White Figure (B) Golden figure, (C) Red figure (D) Black spotted figure, , [ B], , Q.2Who was the mistress of Tricki?, (A) Mrs. Pumphrey (B) Mrs. Herriot, (C) Mrs. Elizabeth (D) Mrs. Anthony D’costa, , [ A], , Q.3Why was Mrs. Pumphrey ringing a dozen times?, (A)For latest bulletins of Tricki (B) for money, (C) For food of Tricki (D) To Talk about winter, [C], Q.4.What was the name of grey hound?, (A) Tricki (B) Joe, (C) Johny (D) Henry, , [ B], , Q.5 Why is Mrs Pumphery worried about Tricki?, Ans. Mrs. Pumphery is worried about Tricki because he appeared to be tired inactive and, energyless., , 69

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Q.6 Why is Mr. Herriot tempted to keep Tricki on as a permanent guest?, Ans. Mr. Herriot is tempted to keep Tricki on as a permanent guest because this ensured a, supply of fresh eggs and bottle of wine from Mrs Pumphrey to his house which he enjoyed, during his meal., Q.7 What dresses did Tricki had?, Ans. Tricki had a whole wardrobe of coats. There were many coats for the cold weather and, a raincoat for a wet day., Q.8 When Tricki was being taken out what was the reaction of staff?, Ans. The entire staff was roused and maid rushed in and out bringing bed, day and night bed,, cushions, toys, rubber rings and different bowls., Q.9 What did Mr. Herriot see about Tricki’s condition in the car?, Ans. Mr. Herriot saw that the pathetic little animal was gasping at his side in the car. He was, in very poor condition., Q.10 What was difficult for Mr.s Pumphrey?, Ans. Mrs. Pumphrey gave a lot to eat Tricki. When she was told to be strict and cut down, Tricki’s die,she said it was difficult for her., Q.11. How did Mr. Herriot treat Tricki?, Ans. Mr. Herriot took Tricki with him in his car to his hospital. Tricki was gasping when he, was taken to hospital. Tricki remained motionless on the carpet. He was not given anthing to, eat for two days. He was given plenty of water. At the second day he started to show some, intert in his surroundings. In this way there was gradual recovery in Tricki’s health., Q.12 What do you think that Mr.s Pumphrey takes great care of Tricki?, Ans. Mr. Pumphery gives rich diet to Tricki. She gives him malt, cod liver oil and Horlicks, when he appears to be tried and inactive.She gives him cream cakes, chocolates. She sends, bottles of wine and fresh eggs for fast recovery of Tricki to Mr. Herriot. She has lots of coats,, cushions; bowls for Tricki.She has emotional attachment also. Tears came out from her eyes, on the departure and meeting of Tricki., Q.13 Draw a character sketch of Mrs. Pumphery?, Ans :- Mrs. Pumphery is a rich lady, she is an animal lover. She loves Tricki, her dog very, much. She overfed Trucki lovingly Tricki falls ill due to overfeeding. But she doesn’t restrict, his diet and doesn’t give him exercises despite the veterinary surgeon’s warning. She is, greatly concerned about his well being. She has given Tricki comforts with all means., , 70

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2. THE THIEF’S STORY, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Tick the correct answer:, 1. How old was Anil?, (a) 20 years, (c) 23 years, , (b) 22 years, (d) 25 years, , 2. What did Anil do to the food cooked by Hari Singh the first day?, (a) Ate it with happiness (b) put it in the refrigerator, (c) Asked the boy to eat it (d) threw it to a stray dog, 3. What was Anil doing when Hari Singh met him?, (a) Watching a wrestling match (b) writing an article, (c) Playing badminton, (d) going on the road, 4. What was Anil’s profession as mentioned?, (a) Wrestler, (b) writer, (c) Shopkeeper, (d) engineer, 5. Where did Anil keep the bundle of money?, (a) In the locker, (b) under the table, (c) Under his mattress, (d) under the pillow, 6. What kind of jobs did Hari Singh do for Anil?, (a) Making tea, (b) cooking food, (c) Bringing day’s supply (d) all of these, 7. How much money did Hari Singh steal?, (a) 400, (b) 500, (c) 600, (d) 700, 8. What did Anil promise him to teach?, (a) Write his name, (b) cook, (c) Write full sentence (d) all of the above, 9 .What was the Hari Singh’s real profession?, (a) A household servant (b) theft, (c) Cheating, (d) working honest, ANSWERS, 1(d),2(d),3(a),4(b),5(c), 6(d),7(b),8(d),9(b), Q.10 Who was Anil?, Ans. Anil was a Writer. He was a young man of twenty five., Q.11 Who was Hari Singh?, Ans. Hari Singh was a boy of fifteen years old. He was an experienced thief., , 71

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Q.12 What did Hari Singh get from Anil in return for his work?, Ans. Hari Singh got food and accommodation from Anil in return for his work., Q.13 Why did Hari Singh take a new name every month?, Ans. Hari Singh took a new name every month because he was a thief., Q.14 How many rupees did Hari Singh steal from Anil’s room?, Ans. Hari Singh stole six hundred rupees from Anil’s room., Q.15 Write a character sketch of Anil?, Ans. Anil was a writer. He was kind and easy-going person. He was careless about money., He helps his servant to read and write. He had no friends. He believed that friends were more, trouble than help., Q. 16 Write a character sketch of Hari Singh?, Or, Write about Hari Singh’s life?, Ans. Hari Singh was a young boy of fifteen. He was an experienced thief He was very expert, in flattering. He took new names every month so that the police might not catch him. He does, not know how to cook food. After meeting Anil his heart changes and he became a, gentleman., , 3. THE MIDNIGHT VISITOR, , ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q.1 Where was the room of Ausable?, (A)On the sixth and top floor (B) on the fifth and lower floor (A), (C) On the ground floor, (D) on the second floor, Q 2 What was the accent of Ausable?, (A) German (B) British (C) French (D) American, , (D), , Q 3 How was the figure of Ausable ?, (A) Fat (B) Thin (C) Lean (D) Pigmy, , (A), , Q 4 Fowler was a……………...?, (A) Romantic writer (B) A spy (C) Waiter (D) A neighbor, , (A), , Q 5 Max entered Ausable’s room at …………….., (A) Midnight (B) Noon (C) Morning (D) Evening, , (A), , Q 6 What did Max have in his hand?, (A) A pistol (B) A flower (C) A book (D) Doctor’s report, , (A), , Q.7 Which languages did Ausable speak passably?, Ans.-Ausable spoke French and German passably., 72

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Q.8 Where did Ausable come to Pairs from and when?, Ans.- Ausable came to Pairs from Boston ,America.He came there twenty years ago., Q.9 Who had entered Ausable’s room and why?, Ans.-Max, a secret agent, had entered Ausable’s room.He wanted to take the report Ausable, was expecting., Q.10 Who knocked at the door of Ausable’s room?, Ans.- A waiter named Henry knocked at the door of Ausable’s room., , Q.11 Give a character-sketch of Ausable., Ans- Ausable is a secret agent. He is very fat. He looks like a common man. He can speak, French and Jerman passably. He came to Paris from Boston twenty years ago. He shows his, presence of mind in dealing with his rival secret agent, Max., Q.12 How did Ausable get rid of Max?, Ans- Ausable had great presence of mind. Max was Ausable’s rival secret agent. He wanted, to take a report concerning some new missiles. He threatened to shoot Ausable in case He, resisted. Ausable got rid of Max very cleverly. He convinced Max that there was a balcony, under the room window and one could easily enter and escape through, , 4. FOOTPRINT WITHOUT FEET, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Tick the correct answer, 1. The scientist was always ______ now he became furious, (a) Patient, (b)quick tempered, (c) Calm, , (d) none of the above, , 2. “The two boys started in surprise at the fresh muddy imprints of a pair of _____”, (a) bare feet, (b) hands, (c) Tyres, , (d) none of the above, , 3 .Griffins body became as transparent as ______, (a) Glass, , (b) ice, , (c) Air, , (d) none of the above, , 4. Griffin the scientist was making, (a) a walking plant, (c) Invisible footprints, , (b) a talking plant, (d) an invisible man, , 73

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5 For what did Griffin enter the big London store?, (a) for coldness, (c) for money, , (b) for warmth, (d) all of the above, , 6. What did Griffin do for revenge?, (a) burned himself, (b) burned the landlord, (c) burned the house, (d) he didn’t do anything for revenge, 7. How did Griffin finally escape?, (a) By hitting them, (b) by taking off all his clothes, (c) By running away as fast as he could (d) by hiding, 8. Who called the incident “an extraordinary affair”?, (a) Clergyman, (b) Clergyman’s wife, (c) Mrs. Hall, (d) all of these, ANSWERS, 1(b),2(a),3(a),4(d),5(b), 6(c),7(b),8(a), Q.9., , Why were the two boys in London surprised and fascinated?, , Ans., , The two boys in London were surprised and fascinated because they saw fresh muddy, footprints of a pair of bare feet. They could not see anyone but only the footprints., , Q.10, , What did the Halls see in the scientist's room?, , Ans., , Halls saw that the bed clothes were cold, showing that the scientist must have been, up for some time. He also found that the clothes and bandages that the scientist, always wore were lying about the room., , Q.11, , How can it be said that Griffin choose a bad time of the year?, , Ans., , Griffin had to remove all his clothes to become quite invisible. It was mid-winter. The, air was bitterly cold and it was not possible for him to wander without clothes in the, streets. So it can be said that Griffin choose a bad time of the year., , Q.12, , What kind of view did Mrs. Hall have about her guest and why?, , Ans., , Mrs. Hall has the view that her guest was an eccentric scientist. She thought so, because he wanted to be alone and was always busy with his work. He had strange, habits and irritable temper., , Q.13, , Why was Griffin suspected of having had a hand in burglary?, , Ans., , Griffin was suspected of having had a hand in burglary because he suddenly produced, some ready cash, though he had admitted some days before that he had no money., , Q.14, , What happened when Griffin did not wake up in time?, , Ans., , The store, where Griffin was sleeping opened in the morning. Two assistants of the, store approached him. He started running away from there, but they chased him., 74

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Q.15, , What problem did Griffin face at the inn?, , Ans., , The money that Griffin had stolen comes to an end. At the inn he faced the problem, of lack of money., , Q.16, , Why was the scientist wandering in the streets?, , Ans., , When the landlord of the scientist tried to eject him, he set fire to the landlord's house, and left the place. After this, he became homeless so he was wondering in the streets., , Q.17, , "Griffin was rather a lawless person" Explain., OR, Write the character sketch of Griffin., , Ans., , Griffin was an extraordinary and brilliant scientist. He discovered that the human, body could become invisible and transparent as a sheet of glass.. However, he, misused his discovery only for his personal gains. He committed theft and burglaries, and beat and robbed innocent persons. His activities made him a lawless and an, anarchist., 5. THE NECKLACE, , ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Q1., , Give a character –sketch of Matilda?, , Ans., , Matilda is a pretty young woman she is born in a middle class family. She wants to, live a life of luxury. The lack of this makes her sad. She believes in show off. That is, why she borrows from her friend a necklace to wear in a party. Matilda is not satisfied, with what she has got. This ruins her life., , Q2., , What lesson do you learn from the story ‘The Necklace’?, , Ans., , We learn that., , 1. we should avoid borrowing things or money as much as possible and should satisfy, with what we have., 2. we should avoid false show of richness because it ultimately returns disgrace., 3. we should adopt simple living and high thinking because it is the secret of happiness., Q3, , Why did Matilda throw the invitation?, , Ans., , Matilda threw the invitation because she and her husband were invited to a grand, party and she did not have a dress and jewellery., 75

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Q4, , Why was Mme Loisel delighted at the party?, , Ans., , Mme Loisel looked very pretty in the party. She got lots of admiration. Being very, pleased, she danced to the pleasure of her heart., , Q5, , How did Mr. Loisel arrange money to buy a diamond necklace?, , Ans., , Mr. Loisel had only Eighteen thousand francs. He borrowed the rest thirty six, thousand francs and bought the diamond necklace., Multiple choice questions, , 6. The husband of the lady worked as a clerk in the, (A) Board of education, (B) Electricity board, (C) Bank, (D) Post-office, Ans., , (A) Board of education, , Q7, , Who is the author of the story “The Necklace”?, (A) HG Wells, (B) Robert W Peterson, (C) Guy De Maupassant, (D) None of the above, , Ans., , (C) Guy De Maupassant, , Q8, , How does Mme Loisel react when she sees the invitation?, (A) She begins to weep., (B) She Rushes Out the buy herself a new Dress., (C) She throws the Letter in the fire., (D) She jumps for joy, , Ans., , (A), , She begins to weep., , Q9, , Where does Mme Loisel notice that the necklace is gone?, , 76

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(A) At home, (B) On the steps outside their house, (C) At the party, (D) In the Cab, Ans., , (A), , At Home, , Q10, , What did Mme Loisel want to buy with the money he gave the Matilda?, (A) A telephoned, (B) Groceries, (C) A Gun, (D) A Horse, , Ans., , (C), , A Gun, , Q11, , How long do the Loisels wait before buying a new necklace?, (A) A week, (B) A Year, (C) Two days, (D) A months, , Ans., , (A), , A week, , Q12, , When did Mr. & Mrs. Loisel return from the ball., (A) At 3 am, (B) At 4 am, (C) At 2 am, (D) At 5 am, (E), , Ans-, , (B) 4 am, , Q13, , How long did the Struggle continue pay of loan for necklace?, (A) 2 years, (B) 10 years, (C) 1 year, (D) 6 Months, 77

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Ans-, , (B), , 10 years, , Q14, , What did Mrs. Loisel borrow from frostier?, (A) A necklace, (B) A bracelet, (C) Venation cross, (D) All of the above, , Ans-, , (A) A Necklace, , 6. BHOLI, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Tick the correct answer, 1. Who was Bholi’s real name?, (a) Sulekha, (b) Champa, (c) Mangla, , (d) Lata, , 2. What damaged some part of her brain?, (a) Falling off the stairs, , (b) small- pox, , (c) falling off a cot, , (d) falling off a verandah, , 3. How is the situation of the house described?, (a) poor, (c) Prosperous, , (b) miserable, (d) fine, , 4. What did the Tehsildar ask Ramlal to do?, (a) drop him back to the city, , (b) have dinner with him, , (c) Send his daughter to school, , (d) none of the above, , 5. What was Bholi’s first reaction on hearing that she was going to school?, (a) She cried with tears of joy, , (b) she cried with fear, , (c) she screamed, , (d) she was excited, , 6 Why did the girls laugh at Bholi?, (a)at her dress, (c) at her stammering, , (b) at her looks, (d) all of the above, , 7. Why did Bholi’s parents accept Bishamber’s marriage proposal?, 78

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(a) he has a big shop, , (b) he has a house, , (c) he has good bank balance, , (d) all of the above, , 8. Who is the artist’s work of art?, (a) Bholi’s friend, (c) Bholi’s cow, , (b) Bholi, (d) Bholi’s teacher, , 9. How did Bholi find the teacher on her very first day in the school?, (a)cruel, (c )kind and loving, , (b) hard, (d) all of the above, , ANSWERS, 1(a),2(c),3(c),4(c),5(b), 6(c),7(d),8(b),9(c), , Q10. How did Bholi become a backward child?, Ans. Bholi was the fourth daughter of Ramlal. When she was only ten months old, she fell off, the cot. She fell down on her head .Some part of her brain got damaged. That’s why she lost, her mental ability, and became a backward child., Q11. Why was Bholi’s father worried about her?, Ans. Bholi was different from other children. She neither had good looks nor intelligence., Bholi’s father was worried about finding a good bridegroom for Bholi., Q12. For what unusual reasons is Bholi sent to school?, Ans.Bholi’s father revenue official and government representative in village. The Tehsildar, told him to send his daughter to school. There for Bholi was sent to school., Q13. What was the situation in the classroom when Bholi reached the school?, Ans. When Bholi reached the school, she found many children sitting in their classroom., There were several rooms and in each room girls were sitting. They were reading from books, or writing on slates. She was glad to find so many girls., Q14. Does Bholi enjoy her first day at school?, Ans. Yes, Bholi enjoyed her first day at school. Initially she was frightened. But, she was, delighted to find so many girls almost of her own age. She hoped that one of these girls might, become her friend., Q15. Does she find her teacher different from the people at home?, Ans. Yes, she finds her teacher quite different. At home, she is never spoken to in a polite, manner but her teacher spoke to her in a very soft and soothing way. At home, she was, disregarded for stammering but her teacher encouraged her to speak with more confidence ., Q16. Why did the other children make fun of Bholi?, Ans. Bholi had no idea about school. She was made to sit down in a corner of the classroom., Several girls were also sitting on mats. The teacher asked her name but she stammered and, could not speak .When the other girls heard her voice, they burst into laughter., 79

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Q17. What major changes were visible in the village in a few years?, Ans. Several changes were visible in the village in a few years. The villages had become a, town and the little primary school was converted into a high school. It had a cinema hall, arranged under a tin shed and a cotton ginning will. The village railway station had also, become important. Now the mail train stopped there., Q18. Why do Bholi’s parents accept Bishamber’s marriage proposal?, Ans. Bholi’s parents accepted Bishamber’s marriage proposal because they thought that, Bholi might never get another marriage proposal. Also Bishamber was a well to do grocer, and had not ask for dowry too., , Q.19. Draw a character sketch of Bholi?, Ans. Bholi’s real name was Sulekha. She was a backward child as when she was only ten, month old ,she fell off the cot on her head and got her brain damaged. She was never given, importance at home. The teacher changed her life and her personality. She made her, outspoken, bold, confident, fearless and courageous. She became an intelligent girl who could, tell what was right or wrong. She stopped stammering and recovered from mental illness., Q.20.. What was the role of the school teacher in Bholi’s life?, Ans. When Bholi came to school and met her teacher, she was very shy and innocent. Her, brain, was damaged so she stammered . The teacher changed her life and her personality. Her, teacher encouraged to speak. She made her out spoken, bold, confident, fearless and, courageous. She stopped stammering and recovered from mental illness .Thus her teacher, played a very important role in change in the Bholi’s life., , 7. THE BOOK THAT SAVED THE EARTH, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS, Tick the correct answers, 1. The twentieth century was often called the era of –, (a) History, (b) book, (c) golden age, , (d) food, , 2. Which book saved the planet Earth from Martian Invasion?, (a) Encyclopedia, (c) Maths, , (b) Mother Goose, (d) history, , 3Mother Goose was well known book of(a) Forest culture, (c ) history, , (b) drama, (d) nursery rhymes, , 4. Who was the ruler of Mars?, , 80

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(a) Noodle, (c) Think Tank, , (b) Oop, (d) scientist, , 5. The resident of Mars were planning to attack on(a) Earth, (c) Saturn, , (b) Moon, (d) Jupiter, , 6. Omega was holding a book in his hand, imagining it is a(a)burger, (c) Sandwich, , (b) Noodles, (d) Chapati, , 7. Which rhyme made Think Tank believe that earthlings were after him(a)TwinkleTwinkle, , (b) Big fat hen, , (c) Humpty Dumpty, , (d) Jack and Jill, , 8. Martians have establish a _____ in their capital city Marsopolies, (a) Library, , (b) space center, , (c) school, , (d) scientific research centeer, , 9. Finally, who decides not to invade the earth?, (a) Omega, , (b) Think-Tank, , (c) Noodle, , (d) all of the above, , ANSWERS, 1(b),2(b),3(d),4(c),5(a), 6(c),7(c),8(a),9(b), Q.10.Why was the twentieth century called the “Era of the Book”?, Ans. The twentieth century was called the “Era of the Book” because in those days, there were books, about everything from anteaters to Zulus. Book taught people how to and when to and where to, , and why to. They illustrated, educated, punctuated and even decorated., Q.11. Why are books referred as man’s best friend?, Ans. The books are the treasure of infinite knowledge. We read them and get noble ideas, from them. After reading books we become wise. They motivate and encouraged us for good, deeds., Q.12. Who is declared the most powerful and intelligent creature in the play?, Ans. Think-Tank is declared as the most powerful and intelligent creature in the play. He is, considered the wisest creature in the universe. He is the commander-in-chief of the Mars, space control., Q.13. Who was Think-Tank? What did he want? Who were his companions?, , 81

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Ans. Think-Tank was the ruler of the planet Mars. He wanted to invade the planet earth., There were four members as his companions apprentice Noodle, Captain Omega, Lieutenant, Iota, and Sergeant Oop., Q.14. Who tried to invade the earth in the twenty first century?, Ans. Martians tried to invade the earth in the twenty first century., Q.15. What guesses are made by Think-Tank about the books found on earth?, Ans. Think-Tank guessed the books, as sandwiches On Noodle’s suggestion he guessed them, as communication devices., Q.16. What was the plan of Martians? Did they succeed in their attempt?, Ans. The Martian planned to capture and invade the earth in 2040. No, they did not succeed, because a single book of rhymes stopped them from invasion., Q.17. What made Think-Tank realize that the earthlings had reached a high level of, civilization?, Ans. Think-Tank found that the earthlings have even domesticated animals with musical, culture and space technique. Their dogs have a sense of humour. He thought that earthling, was launching as interplanetary attack of millions of cows.Thus he realized that the, earthlings had reached a high level of civilization., Q.18. Why did Think-Tank order the invasion fleet to evacuate the entire planet of Mars?, Ans. Think-Tank ordered the invasion fleet to evacuate the entire planet of Mars because he, thought that the earthlings were after him. They would kill him and his people. So he took, this decision and ran away to safety., , 82

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FORMAT OF OFFICIAL LETTER, I Writer’s Address---------Examination Hall, Jaipur, ii Date-------------------------11Jan 2021, iii Receiver’s Post&Address--, , The collector, , District Jaipur, iv Salutation-------------------Sir/Madam, v Subject ------------------vi Message/The body ---------about, , Respectfully I want to bring to your kind notice, ------------------------------------------------------Please look into the matter and do the needful., , Vii Courteous end -------------- Thank You, Viii Subscription --------------ix Signature, , ----------------, , x, , ----------------, , Name, , Yours faithfully, , (Name given in question), , Q.1Suppose you are Kanta studying in Government Secondary School Sonipat. Write an, application to the headmaster of your school complaining about the poor conditions of your, class room., 21, Maharani Hostel, Sonipat, 11 Jan 2021, The Headmaster,, Government Secondary School, Sonipat, Subject – Poor conditions of class room of class XA, Sir,, With due respect I want to draw your attention to the poor conditions of the class room of the, class XA. The tables and chairs for students are broken. The walls are not white washed for, several years. Even the black board is rough so what is written on it cannot be readable., Kindly take necessary action so its condition may improve., Thanking you in anticipation., Yours obediently,, Kanta, 83

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Monitor class XA, Q.2Imagine you are Mukesh a student of class XC. Your younger brother is in class XA., Write an application to your principal for changing your section., 501 Nehru Nagar, Alwar, 11Jan 2021, The Principal,, Agrawal Senior Secondary School, Alwar, Subject – For changing section from XC to XA, Sir,, Most respectfully I beg to say that I am a student of class X’C’ in the school. My younger, brother Anil is also studying in X’A’ class. My father is a labourer. He has purchased only a, set of books for us. He cannot purchase another set of books. If you kindly change my section, to X’A’ it will be manageable for both of us to study., I therefore request you to change my section from XC to XA, Thanking You., Yours obediently,, Mukesh Gupta, Class XC, , Q.3You are Prakash Sethia living in 128, Vyas colony, Bikaner. Write a letter to the, chairman municipal board of your town complaining about poor sanitary conditions in your, locality., 128 Vyas Colony, Bikaner, 11Jan 2021, The Chairman,, Municipal Board, Bikaner, Subject- Regarding poor sanitary conditions in Vyas colony, Bikaner, Sir,, I want to bring to your kind notice about the poor sanitary condition in our locality.There is, heaps of rubbish here and there. The drains are broken and clogged. Therefore, dirty water, continues to flow on the road. The streets have become muddy. It is very difficult even to, walk on foot. The sweeper does not come regularly. Always there is foul smell in the, environment. Diseases may break out. Kindly visit our locality and see the situation. Please, look into the matter immediately and do the needful., Thanking you., Yours faithfully,, Prakash Sethia, Q.4 Imagine that you are Geeta living in Ajmer. Write an application to secretary education, Rajasthan Ajmer to issue you a duplicate copy of mark sheet., 84

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157, Madar Gate, Ajmer, 13.01.2021, The secretary,, BSER Ajmer, Subject – For issuing duplicate mark sheet., Sir,, I am student of class 12 th in Government Senior Secondary school, Madar gate, Ajmer. I, have to fill board exam form for which I need Class X mark sheet. My original marksheet lost, last year due to theft in my house. My details are :, Roll no. – 123456, Name – Geeta, Father’s Name – Shri Bhola ram, Centre – Government Senior Secondary school, Madar gate, Ajmer, I am sending herewith a postal order no. 32145 for Rs. 20 as its fee. Kindly issue me the, duplicate mark sheet so that I may appear in the board exam., Thanking you., Yours faithfully,, Geeta, Q.5 You are Sanjay of Tonk. Write a letter to the manager of SBI Bank for asking, information about how to open a saving bank account., 25 Balaji colony, Doeli,Tonk, 13.01.2021, The manager,, SBI Bank, Shastri Nagar Branch, Tonk, Subject – To open a saving bank account., Sir,, Respectfully I bring to your kind notice that I am teacher in gsssrundera. I want to open a, saving bank account with your bank., Please advice and send necessary forms to me at an early date., Thanking you., Yours faithfully,, Sanjay, FORMAT OF PERSONAL LETTER, i Address---------, , Examination Hall, Jaipur, , ii Date-------------------------, , 11Jan 2021, , iv Salutation-------------------, , My dear……, , 85

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v Subject ------------------vi Message/The body ----------, , ------------------------------------------------------Please pay my regards to your parents., , Vii Courteous end -------------- With best wishes/ with regards, Viii Subscription ---------------, , Your loving, , ix Signature, , ----------------, , x, , ---------------- (Name given in question), , Name, , Q.1 Write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his success in the secondary examination., , 21 Bapu Bazar,, Udaipur, 01.12.2021, My dear Rahul,, I am very happy to know about your brilliant success in secondary examination. I am glad to, note that you have got the fifth position in board merit. I offer my heartiest congratulation on, your great success. It is the result of your hard work and focused attention. My parents are, also sending you their best wishes. Hope that you will maintain the record in future. I wish, you success in all the fields of life., Convey my best regards to your parents., Hope to see you soon., Yours sincerely,, Himanshu, Q.2Imagine that you are Indu living in Bhilwara. Write a letter your friend Bhavana inviting, her to attend your birthday party., 26, BapuBajar, Bhilwara, 12.01.2021, , My dear Bhavana,, I am quite well here. You will be happy to know that my birthday is on 7th December. I am, giving a party on this occasion. I have invited my friends and relatives. I invite you to attend, this birthday party. The party will start at 5 pm at the Tea Junction, 100 Feet Road. We are, planning for several games and music along with snacks. I hope you will join the party., Please pay my regards to your parents and love to Neha., With best wishes., 86

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Your loving friend,, Indu, Q.3Imagine that you are Yash living in Jaipur. Your younger brother Vikram living in, Jodhpur, is very good at studies but he is physically weak. Write a letter advising him to, improve his health by taking part in games and sports., 15, Nehru Bazar,, Jaipur, 13.01.2021, My dear Vikram,, I am quite well here. I came to know that you were ill last week and the doctor has suggested, you rest for two weeks due to your weakness. I know that not only you do not take proper, diet but also do not like physical exercise. The actual weakness of our body starts from here., Games and physical activities are very important in life. Though you are good at studies still, you must understand that healthy mind rests in healthy body. So you should spend some time, for games also., Take care of yourself., With best wishes., Your loving brother,, Yash, Q.4, Imagine that you are Akhilesh living in Udaipur. Write a letter to your father, requesting him for the permission to go on historical/ educational tour., 36 BapuVihar, Jaipur, 13.01.2021, My dear father,, I am quite well here. In the last letter you have asked about my studies and extra-curricular, activities in the school. I am doing well in my studies. Our school is organizing a tour, programme of the nearby historical places. About forty students of my class will join the tour., It is a 10 day tour. Two teachers will also go with the students. I would like to join this trip., Please allow me for the tour. I will need rupees 5500 for it. Kindly send the required fee so I, may join it., Please pay my regards to mumma and love to dear Guddu., With best regards., Your loving son,, Akhilesh, Q.5Suppose you are Hemlata living at Civil lines, Agra, write a letter to your friend, describing about your new school., 25, Civil lines, Agra, 13.01.2021, My dear Seema,, , 87

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I am quite well here. After leaving Agra I was quite unhappy. My father joined his office last, week and I got admission in one of the most reputed school in Jaipur. It is known as, Maharani School in Jaipur., The school building is very big and spacious. Class rooms are airy and computerized.It has, other facilities like a big library, computer lab, games room etc. Thus it is an outstanding, school. The principal and the staff are very caring. Teachers here use modern technology in, teaching. The students of this school are well behaved. The focus is on all round development, of students, Please convey my regards to your parents., With best wishes., Warmly yours,, Hemlata, Format of E-Mail, To-----------gsss123 [email protected], Cc, Bcc, Subject, Salutation---------Sir/Madam, Message……----Coutreous End-----------Thank You, Subscription-----------Yours faithfully, Signature/Name------Indu, Q.1, You are Anjana of international school, Jaipur. Write an e-mail letter to the principal, of your school at principalisj@ yahoo.com requesting to arrange a computer type contest of, the interested students., To, , [email protected], , CC, Bcc, Subject, , For arranging a computer type contest, Madam/Sir, Pace and preciseness in computer type raise, the efficiency of the computer users. Every, student of our school uses computer. So, please arrange a computer type contest of, the interested students. It will prepare for, future career too., Thanking you, , 88

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Yours obediently., Anjana., Q.2, You are Asha of GSSS Ajmer. Write an e-mail letter to the principal of your school, at principal [email protected] requesting to arrange a lecture on how use computers., To, , [email protected], , Cc, Bcc, Subject, , For arranging lecture on how to use, computers, Sir/Madam, Almost every student of our school uses, computer but they do not know how to use, it properly. So you are requested to arrange, a lecture on “How to use Computer.” It will, definitely help the students., Thanking you., Yours obediently,, Asha, , Q.3, You are Ankita of class X of Adarsh Vidhya mandir Jaipur. Write an e-mail to the, principal Of your school at [email protected] requesting to arrange extra, classes for English and maths as the syllabus is incomplete., To, , [email protected], , CC, Bcc, Subject, , For arranging extra classes for English and, Maths, Madam/Sir, The syllabus of English and Maths of class, X is incomplete. As the exams are near our, class is uneasy due to incomplete course in, two major subjects. Kindly arrange extra, classes for the above subjects so that we, may prepare in time for the exams., Thanking You, 89

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Yours obediently, Ankita, Q.4You are Meera of class X of Subodh public Jaipur. Write an e-mail to the editor of the, newspaper the Hindustan times at letters to [email protected] to draw the attention of the traffic, police officers to rash driving in Jaipur., To, , [email protected], , CC, BCC, Subject, , Rash driving in Jaipur, Sir/Madam, Through the columns of your prestigious, newspaper I would like to draw the attention, of traffic police officers towards rash, driving in the city. The young bikers and the, mini bus drivers do not follow traffic rules., They put the life of others in danger., Traffic police officers are urged to take, serious note of it and do the needful to curb, it., Thanking you, Yours truly, Meera, , Q.5You are Preeti of class X of your school. Write an e-mail letter to the editor of your, school magazine to include students column to publish the views of the best students of the, school about educational success. [email protected], To, , [email protected], , CC, BCC, Subject, , For including students column in the school, magazine, Sir, I would like to draw your kind attention, that our student magazine do not have, student column. So several talented students, 90

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who have good writing skills are not getting, platform to improve their skills. Please, include student’s column in the school, magazine to publish the views of the best, student of the school about educational, success., It will motivate to rest of the students., Thanking You, Yours Truly, Preeti, , ., , 91

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STORY WRITING, Write a story using the outline given below. Assign a suitable title and moral to it :, 1. The old farmer and his sons, Old farmer ______ four sons ______always quarrelling ___________ calls his sons, ________ gives a bundle of sticks ___________ none can break _______ unties the bundle, ________, , gives, , a, , stick, , ________breaks, , ________, , teach, , us, , lesson, , __________realive_______ give up quarrelling., An old farmer had four quarrelling sons. So he was very sad. One day, he thought a plan to, teach them a lesson. He called his sons and gave each of them a bundle of sticks and asked, them to break it. Each of them tried his best but no one could break it. Then the farmer untied, the bundle. He gave each son a stick to break. Now each of them broke the stick easily. The, father taught them to live united like the bundle of sticks. They realized there mistake. Now, they gave up quarrelling., Moral - Union is strength, , 2. The Tailor and the Elephant, An elephant __________goes to drink water _________ passes by tailor's shop, _________gives, , a, , leaf, , daily, , ________oned, , day, , his, , son, , __________at, , shop, , __________pricks nudle in his trunt __________elephant gets angry _______goes to the, river fills dirty water ________throws in kuler's shop spoils all clothes., There was an elephant in a town. He used to go to the river to drink water. On the way he used, to pass by a tailor's shop. The tailor used to give him a loaf of bread daily. One day the tailor, was not at the shop. His son was sitting at the shop. He did not give anything to the elephant, but pricked a needle in his trunk. The elephant got angry. He went to the river bank. He filled, dirty water in his trunk. He came to the tailor's shop. He sprayed dirty water in the shop. He, spoiled all the clothes., Moral: - Tit for Tat, , 92

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3. The Hen that laid Golden eggs, A farmer _______wonderful him __________lays golden egg daily _______ thinks to get, all, , eggs, , ________takes, , knife, , _______kills__________cuts, , stomach, , __________________looks for egg_________no eggs _________ very sad_________, repents., Once there was a farmer. He had a wonderful hen that laid a golden egg daily. The farmer, was very greedy one day the farmer thought of a plan to get all the eggs. He wanted to be rich, very soon. He thought there must be a lot of eggs in the hen's body. He took a knife and, killed the hen. He cut the stomach of the hen. He opened it He looked for the eggs in its, stomach, but there were no eggs. The foolish farmer was very sad now. He repented for his, folly very much., Moral: - Greed is a curse, , 4 Two Friends and a Bear, Two friends ______tavel to earn money _________ through forest ____wild animals, _____they promise to help each other ______one climbs up a tree _______the other does not, know how to climb ______danger ______lies on the, , ground ______ bear smells, , _________thinks dead _______leaves _____never rely on false friends., There were two friends. They travelled to earn money. They were travelling through a thick, forest.There were wild animals. They had promised to help each other in danger. After, sometime they saw a big wild bear coming towards them they were afraid to see it., One of the friends ran and climbed up a tree. The other friend did not know how to climb up, a tree. His life was in danger. He lay down on the ground as a deadman. He held his breath., The bear smelled him. It thought him dead and went away., Now the other friend came down He asked his friend, "What did the bear say in your ear?", The friend replied, "Never rely on false friends." The other friend was ashamed., Moral: Never trust false friends., , 93

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5. A Bee and A Dove, A bee________ falls into a river ________life in danger a dove __________greatly moved, ________drops a leaf ________ bee rides _______saved _______later on ________ a hunter, aims his gun ________kill the dove ________dove unaward _________bee flies to the hunter, _______stings, , _____gun, , goes, , off, , __________aim, , missed, , ________loud, , sound, , _______dove flies off _______saved., , There was a bee. One day it was thirsty. It went to a river to drink water It fell into the water., Its life was in danger. There was a tree near the river. The dove was sitting on a branch of, that tree .It saw the bee. It dropped a leaf near the bee. The bee come on the leaf and flew, away. The dove saved its life., After some days the same dove was sitting on the branch of a tree .A hunter saw the dove, .He aimed at the dove. The bee saw it It' flew and stung on his hand. The hunter missed the, aim. The gun went off .There was a loud sound. The dove flew off. The bee saved the life of, the dove., Moral: Do good and have good, , 94

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PARAGRAPH WRITING, Paragraph 1, Write a paragraph in about 80 words with the help of the outlines given below:, Annual Welcome prize…………. 15 February………..chief guest………………., song………….. report………………cultural programme………….prize distribution, …………shields……….best, in, all, ……………..speech………., National, Anthem……………a cup of tea., OR, Write a paragraph on "The Annual Day function” of your school in about 80 words., The Annual Day function, We celebrate Annual Day every year in our school. Last year we celebrated it on 15th of, February. The school was decorated. Parents and guests were invited .The chief guest was, Shri…….., an eminent educationist. The programme started with SaraswatiVandana. Several, cultural programmes prepared by students were presented on the stage. The chief guest, distributed prizes to the winners in sports and students who excelled in academics. The, principal welcomed the chief guest and parents. The chief guest Shri ….. praised the, activities of our school and gave very motivational speech. The programme ended with the, national anthem followed by tea and sweets., Paragraph 2, - Develop a short paragraph with the help of given outlines in about 80 words., Morning……….exercise…………fresh……… less pollution…………increases lungs, capacity………………. calm and fresh…………..refresh us., OR, Write a short paragraph on Morning Walk in about 80 words., Morning Walk, Many people find heavy exercises difficult. A simple alternative to this is morning walk., Morning walk is the best exercise for our health. It keeps our body and mind fresh for the, whole day.We find little pollution at this time, so we breath in less polluted air which, increases our lung capacity.Walking in the morning may help in weight loss too. It helps us, sleep better. It eases muscles and reduces risk of several diseases. Morning walk refreshes us., Paragraph 3, Develop a shortparagraph with the help of given outlines in about 80 words, Career Day……………Celebrations………………..programme……………… .preparations, …….........name of guests invited……………..the message, guidance……………..you were, inspired., OR, , Write a short paragraph in about 80 words on Career Day Celebrations., 95

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Career Day Celebrations, Every year career day is celebrated on 12 th January in our state. On this day Swami, Vivekanand was born . Career Day is an important day for every student. We celebrated this, day in our school on 12th January last year. All the preparations were made by the students., Parents too were invited on this occasion. Our State EducationMinister was our chief guest., Many stalls were set showing various career options in different fields. The career material, such as pamphlets, charts etc. were displayed tomotivate the students. Career counselling was, done with the help of experts. Our school teachers also helped the students by encouraging, them to visit career portal. With the help of it we came to know about thescholarships, career, options in different institutions and opportunities of jobs thereafter. Our chief guest, appreciated the activities and inspired us to choose career of our choice. We too promised, him to share the benefits of career day and career portal with other students and parents., Paragraph 4, Develop a short paragraph with the help of given outlines in about 80 words, Clean India Campaign…………..145th birth anniversary…………….Mahatma Gandhi, ……..2ndOct 2014………………covers rural and urban area……..dignitaries…….spread this, mission., OR, Write a short paragraph in about 80 words on the topic "Clean India Campaign’’?, Clean India Campaign, Clean India campaign was started on the 145th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi on, 2ndOct 2014. It was started by our Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. It is started to fulfill, thevision of Mahatma Gandhi. He dreamt to make hiscountry clean. The cleanliness, campaign was run on the national level and covered each and every rural and urban area. It is, the duty of all the Indians tofollow this vision and campaign. It is promotedby high, personalities and dignitaries to spread this mission all over., , Short Writing Task with Visual aid, Write a paragraph in about 75 Words using the visual aid shown in the picture., , 1.Save Tree, , In, , this, , 96

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picture we see a deer is standing under a tree. There are clouds in the sky. It is showering. So,, the deer is standing to save itself from the rainy water. Really trees are important for all living, thing. Without trees we can't live. They bring rain for us. The Water helps to grow, vegetation. We all living beings depend on vegetation. As in this picture we see that the tree, is giving shelter to the deer. We should plant more trees., , 2. COVID-19, Corona virus which is commonly called COVID-19.It is an, infectious disease. It is a virus that is impacting the whole, world. It spreads through contact from person to person., Covid-19 was firstly identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, city of China in March 2020 WHO declared the COVID-19, outbreak a pandemic. Now it has spread throughout the, world. The virus spreads by the droplets generated from the, cough or sneeze of an infected person., , NO MASK NO ENTRY, , 3.Follow Traffic Signals., , This picture shows the traffic signals and, Zebra Crossing. Seeing it people can learn, about traffic Signals. It tells us that, pedestrians must cross the road at the zebra, crossing. Red light means to stop, yellow, means to be ready to stop or move ahead, and green means to move from there., People must follow the traffic signals. If we, do not follow these rules, we can meet with, any accident., , 4.The Great Man (Mahatma Gandhi), The personality shown in the picture is Mahatma, Gandhi. He was born on 2 October 1869 at, Porbandar in Gujarat. His full name was Mohan, Das Karamchand Gandhi. He is called the ‘ Father, of the Nation. ` He practised Satyagrah and Nonviolence in Indian freedom movement. He became, a great leader of India. Every year we celebrate, Gandhi Jayanti on 2 oct. in our school as a national, festival., 97