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Ecosystem, community that occ1rs, , biological, An ecosystem consists, and chemical1, locale and the physical, of, , environment., , in some, , factors that mak, up ts, , non-living or abiotic, Ecosystem is normally an open system because, there is a continno, uous, and materials'., of, loss, and, energy, entry, The term ecosystem was first used by AG Tensley in 1935, to, , describe the whole complex of living organisms living together as a, sociological units and their habitats., The ecosystem is also called as biocoenosis (Mobius; 1877), microcosm (Forbes; 1887) and biogeocoenosis (Sukachey)., It is also known as ecocosm or biosystem, , Classification of Ecosystem, On the basis, , of origin, the ecosystem can be classified in following ways, Ecosystem, , Natural Ecosystem, The ecosystem which is, , Artificial Ecosystem, manipulated, , maintaining, themselves)., t, is further, , Terrestrial Ecosystem, , grassland, , purposes., , classified as, , e.g, forest, desert,, , maintained a, diferent, men for, , These systems are, , capable of operating and, , by, , township,, e.g., croplands,, , Aquatic Ecosystem, e.g, pond, lake, river, etc., , etc

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On the basis of role, , in, , trophic structure,, , macroconsumers, , or consumers, , arecategorised as, , Consumers, , Primary, , Secondary, , Tertary, , Consumers, , Consumers, , Consumers, , (herbivore), , (carnivore), , (topcarnivore), , These organisms feed, , The group of, , directly on producers., , organisms which, , These are also known, as key industry animals., eg, protozoans (pond, ecosystem), deer (forest, , feed on primary, , ecosystem), etc., , Consumers., , e.g., insects,, game fishes,, etc., , These animals, eat other carnivores., , Some ecosystems, have top carnivores, , vulture., like lion and, , Detritivores, These organisms, depend on, the organic cdetritus, , e.g., earthworm.

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Follouing, , four are the, () Decomposition, , (ii) Productivity, , important functional aspects of, the ecosystem, , (ii) Energy flow, (iv), , Development and stabilisation, , (v) Nutrient cycle, , Before going in detail about the, functional aspects, need the better, of, understanding food, , of, , ecosystem,, , chain and food web., , we, , Food Chain, As the biotic factors of the ecosystem are linked, together by food, a, particular linking makes a chain called food chain, it is 'A group, of, organisms in which there is a transfer of food energy takes place, through a series of repeated process of eating and by eaten., It is always straight and usually contain 4-5 trophic level., Types of Food Chain, On the basis of habits of organisms involved, the food chain can be, , categorised as, Parasitic Food Chain (PFC), It is also called auxillary food, , Grazing Food Chain (GFC), It is the most common food chain., t is also called as predator food, , chain. These chains begins, ends, with the host and usually, which the, with parasites, due to, , chain. The sequence of food chain, n an aquatic ecosystem is as follows, , inverted., , pyramid of number, is as follows, its food sequence, , Producers (autotrophs), , Plant->Herbivores>Parasites, , Phytoplanktons like weeds,, diatoms and other green algae, , Hyperparasites, , Food, , Primary Consumers (herbivores), , Chain, , Looplanktons like dinoflagellates, , Secondary Consumers, (primary carnivores), Aquatic insects, crustaceans, and other aquatic, , organisms, , Chain, Detritus Food, , t, , Tertiary Consumers, , Secondary carnivores like smallfisn), , start from, , the, , (DFC), , dead organic, , compounds., , norganic, earthworm, , A, , detritus, , in, , food, , follows, , Falcon., Sparrow, , Earthworm, , Detritus, , Frog, , op Camivores (large fish), , ends, , common, , is a s, , chain with, , matter and, , Snake, , Peacock.

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Food Web, , which become intercon, food chains, of, network, Food web is the, complex food web, one can, levels. In any, various trophic, levels., several different trophic, Occupy m o r e than one trophic l, may, species, a, In a food web, given, and this can be expressed, of food web vary greatly, , recno, recogni, , The complexity, measure, , called, , connectance, , Connectance =, , A, , typical food web, , ha, , a, , of the food web., , Actual number of interspecific interaction, Potential number of interspecific interaction, , ;, , can, , be represented, , as, , follows, Lion, , Hawk, N, Bird, , 4, , Snake, , Owl, , Fox, , Frog, , Caterpilla, Deer, , Grass hopper, , Rabbit, , Green plants, , Food web, , 1. Decomposition, , The process of, decomposition, of decomposers., , outside the body, , completely takes place ou, , They digest the organic substances, outside their body, it. Hence, they are also, known as, , a n d, , osmotrophs (absorp, , t h e n absorb