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4., , KEEPING DISEASES AWAY, VIRUS, , A. Communicable [Contagious] Diseases, BACTERIUM, , Structure:- Only a DNA/RNA with in a protein coat Structure:- Unicellular organisms, No cell organelles., with out a definite nucleus (prokaryote), Action:- Multiply by undertaking genetic control of Action:- They multiply and the toxins released by, the host cell., metabolism kill or disrupt the living cells., , Nipah, Pathogen :- Nipah virus, Spread :- Through fruit eating bats directly or, indirectly or through pigs (secondary vector), , AIDS, (Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome), Pathogen :- HIV, (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), Spread: - Through body fluids., - By sharing needle and syringe, - Through unprotected sexual contact., - From HIV infected mother to her foetus., Does not spread by touch, kiss, saliva, food,, coughing, sneezing, insects, sharing toilets etc., Action :- HIV multiplies using genetic mechanism of, lymphocytes and hence the number of, lymphocytes decreases considerably. This, condition of reduced immunity, any pathogen, can easily affect the body, , Ratfever (Leptospirosis), Pathogen :- Leptospira, Spread :- Through wounds, from, stagnant water and moisture., Symptoms :- Severe fever, headache, muscle pain,, redness in eyes due to internal bleeding., , Diphtheria, Pathogen:- Corynebacterium diphtheriae., Spread:-Through coughs, sneeze or even directly., Symptoms:- Fever, throat pain and inflammation in, the lymph glands of the throat. Mucus, membrane becomes an ash coloured thick, coating in the throat., , Tuberculosis, , Pathogen :- Mycobacterium tuberculosis., Spread:- Through air., Mainly affects the lungs., Also affect the kidneys, bone,, joints, brain etc., Hepatitis, Symptoms :- Loss of body weight, fatigue,, Pathogen:- Hepatitis virus, persistent cough., Spread:-Through contaminated food and water, blood Treatment:- Using antibiotics., components and excreta of patient., Vaccine :- BCG., Symptoms:- Liver inflammation, dark yellowish, colour to mucus membrane, eyes or nails, due to bilirubin (pigment in the bile)., , Visit : odakkal blog, , FUNGUS, Action:- The toxins produced by them cause diseases., * Ringworm (Round, red blisters on the skin), - spread through contact., * Athlets foot (Reddish scaly rashes that cause itching, on the sole of the foot and between the toes), - spread through contact with contaminated water, and soil., , PROTOZOAN, Structure :- Unicellular eukaryotes., Action :- Their toxins destroy the cells., A few of them destroy blood cells., , Malaria, Pathogen :- Plasmodium species., Spread:- Through anopheles mosquitoes., Symptoms :- High fever with shivering and profuse, sweating are major symptoms., Also headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, anaemia .., , FILARIAL WORM, , Filariasis, Spread:- Through culex mosquitoes., Symptoms:- Swelling in the lymph ducts, due to the obstruction in the flow of lymph,, by filarial worms.

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B. Non-pathogenic Diseases, Genetic diseases, , Life style diseases, , * Haemophilia, , Caused by our unhealthy living style., , Animal diseases, Bacterial diseases : Anthrax,, Inflammation of udder (Mastitis), , Due to defect of genes, defective synthesis, (synthetic food items, fast food etc, lack of physical, of one of the proteins that enables blood, exercise, mental stress, bad habits like consumption Viral disease : Foot & mouth disease., coagulation., of alcohol, drug abuse or smoking etc.), Excessive bleeding even from small wounds, as blood does not clot, Diabetes :- Deficiency or malfunction of insulin., , Temporary relief is possible by injecting the, deficient protein to patient., Patients need special care and attention., , Fatty liver :- Deposition of excess fat in the liver., , Plant diseases, , Stroke:- Rupture of blood vessels or block of blood, * Sickle cell Anaemia (അരിവാൾരരാഗം), flow in brain., Bacterial diseases : Blight disease of paddy,, Due to the defect of genes, deformities occur, Wilt disease of brinjal., in the sequencing of amino acids of haemoglobin,, Hypertension :- Thickening of artery wall by fat, and RBCs become sickle shaped., deposition., Viral disease : Mosaic disease in peas and tapioca,, Oxygen carrying capacity of red, Bunchy top of banana., blood cells decreases. Such, Heart attack :- Block of blood flow due to fat, patients will be anaemic and, Fungal diseases : Quick wilt in pepper,, deposition in the coronary arteries., weaken., Bud rot of coconut., These sickle celled RBCs get collected in blood, vessels to block the, flow of blood., , Smoking related health problems, , Cancer, , •, , The condition by which uncontrolled division of cells, and their spread to other tissues occur., Reasons :- Environmental factors, smoking,, radiations, viruses, hereditary factors and, alterations in genetic material may lead to the, transformation of normal cells in to cancer cells., Treatment :- Surgery, Chemotherapy, radiation, therapy., Early diagnosis of cancer is important in the treatment, , •, •, , Affect to nervous system to cause stroke,, addiction to nicotine etc., Affect to respiratory system to cause lung, cancer, bronchitis, emphysema etc., Affect to circulatory system to cause, hypertension, loss of elasticity of arteries and, decreased functioning of heart., , visit www.shenischool.in or whatsapp 7012498606, , Rasheed Odakkal, 9846626323, GVHSS Kondotty, Visit : odakkal blog, Youtube: Rasheed Odakkal